Antinociceptive,antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Putranjiva roxburghii</Emphasis> Wall. leaf extract in experimental animals

The effects of the ether extract from the leaves of Putranjiva roxburghii (P. roxburghii) Wall. were assessed on nociceptive responses in mice by using writhing, hot plate, and formalin tests and the antipyretic activity was determined in yeast-induced fever in rats. Anti-inflammatory activities were also investigated using carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats and croton oil-induced ear and anus edemas. The ether extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) of P. roxburghii dose-dependently produced analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. The extract had no significant effect in the hot plate test in mice. At the dose of 400 mg/kg, the extract significantly suppressed the licking activity in the late phase of the formalin test in mice and decreased fever induced by yeast in rats. The extract exhibited moderate inhibitory activity of inflammation in carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats. The extract inhibited croton oil-induced ear edema in a dose-dependent manner (1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/ear) in mice. The extract decreased anus edema induced by croton oil at the high dose of 800 mg/kg in rats. The results indicated that the ether extract of P. roxburghii leaves possesses analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities.     

Antiallergic and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract from Gleditsia sinensis

This study was carried out to determine the effects of the 70% ethanolic extract from the anomalous fruits of Gleditsia sinensis LAM. (AFGS) on experimental allergic reactions and inflammation. AFGS (200, 500, 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) dose-dependently inhibited the systemic anaphylactic shock induced by compound 48/80 in mice and cutaneous reactions induced by histamine or serotonin in rats. At doses of 500 and 1000 mg/kg, AFGS showed a clear inhibition on homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats. In vitro, AFGS significantly reduced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells triggered by compound 48/80 at concentrations of 20 and 50 micro/ml. Moreover, AFGS (500, 1000 mg/kg, p.o.) showed a significant inhibition on the hind paw edema in rats and ear swelling in mice caused by carrageenin and croton oil, respectively. It also clearly inhibited the vascular permeability induced by acetic acid in mice at a dose of 1000 mg/kg. These findings demonstrate that the ethanolic extract from the anomalous fruits of Gleditsia sinensis possesses antiallergic and anti-inflammatory activities, which may be mediated by reducing the release of mediators such as histamine from mast cells and weakening the inflammatory action of these mediators.     

合成川芎嗪的抗炎作用

川芎嗪 5 0～ 2 0 0mg/kg灌胃给药 ,可显著抑制小鼠角叉菜胶性足肿胀、巴豆油性耳肿胀、二甲苯致小鼠皮肤毛细血管通透性增高、小鼠棉球肉芽肿增生、大鼠巴豆油性肉芽囊肿的组织增生、抑制小鼠羧甲基纤维素囊中白细胞的游走反应 ,对小鼠烫伤性炎症也有显著抑制作用     

金银花提取物的抗炎免疫作用研究

目的 采用不同动物模型研究金银花提取物的抗炎、免疫作用.方法 测定大鼠角叉菜胶性足肿胀抑制率,小鼠羧甲基纤维素囊中的白细胞数目,大鼠巴豆油性气囊肿抑制率,小鼠单核-巨噬细胞吞噬指数.结果 连续灌胃给药金银花提取物(4,8 g/kg)5 d可显著抑制角叉菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀,减少小鼠羧甲基纤维素囊中白细胞游出数和大鼠巴豆油性气囊肿的形成;金银花提取物(0.2,0.5,1.0.2.0,4.0 g/kg)连续灌胃15 d能显著抑制正常小鼠单核-巨噬细胞的吞噬功能.结论 金银花提取物是一种具有免疫抑制活性的抗炎药物.     

Evaluation of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Curcuma mangga</Emphasis> Val and Zijp rhizomes

The effects of Curcuma mangga ethanolic extract (CME) and its fractions, e.g., aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and hexane fractions, from C. mangga rhizome were investigated on nociceptive responses using writhing, hot plate, and formalin tests in mice and inflammatory models using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and croton oil-induced mouse ear edema. The results showed that CME and all fractions (200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly reduced the number of writhings. Oral administration (p.o.) of CME, chloroform, and hexane fractions (200 mg/kg) significantly prolonged the latency time, whereas aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions were inactive. The activities of CME, chloroform, and hexane fractions were abolished by naloxone (2 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)). CME and all fractions at the dose of 200 mg/kg significantly produced antinociception in both early and late phases of the formalin test. CME, chloroform, and hexane fractions were more prominent in licking inhibition than those of the aqueous and ethyl acetate fractions. CME and all fractions (150 mg/kg, p.o.) showed significant reduction of rat paw edema. The order of activity on inhibition of paw edema at 4 h was chloroform fraction > hexane fraction > ethyl acetate fraction > CME > aqueous fraction. When topically applied at 0.5 mg/ear, CME and all fractions suppressed ear edema induced by croton oil. CME and chloroform fraction showed a greater inhibition by 53.97 and 50.29%, respectively. These results suggested that CME and its fractions, especially chloroform and hexane fractions from C. mangga rhizome, possessed centrally acting analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory activities.     

Antiinflammatory and antiallergic effects of a novel metabolite of Nocardiopsis sp. as a potent protein kinase C inhibitor from microbial origin

The antiallergic and antiinflammatory effects of the new protein kinase C and calmodulin inhibitor K-252a (8R, 9S, 11S)-(-)-9-hydroxy-9-methoxycarbonyl-8-methyl-2,3,9,10-tetrahydro-8,11- epoxy-1H,8H,11H-2,7b,11a-triazadibenzo [a,g]cycl oocta [cde] trinden-1-one) were investigated in animal models, and the following results were obtained: 1. Oral administration of K-252a, ketotifen or oxatomide showed a dose-dependent inhibition on 48 h homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats and anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in passively sensitized guinea pigs. 2. K-252a (1-100 mg/kg p.o.) exerted a dose-dependent protection against platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced mortality in mice. This protective effect of K-252a was sustained for 7 h. 3. K-252a (1-100 mg/kg p.o.), as well as dexamethasone (1 mg/kg s.c.), showed remarkable inhibitory effects on rat paw edema induced by carrageenin, zymosan, PAF, and antigen-antibody reaction (passive Arthus reaction) and on the croton oil-induced rat ear edema. On the other hand, indomethacin (10 mg/kg p.o.) significantly inhibited carrageenin-induced edema, but did not inhibit edema induced by other phlogistic agents. Based on these results it is suggested that K-252a, by oral administration, has antiallergic and antiinflammatory effects.     

引流熊胆的抗炎免疫抑制作用

引流熊胆Ｉｇ能明显地抑制二甲苯、巴豆油所致小鼠耳壳肿胀．抑制小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性．抑制角叉菜胶所致大鼠足肿胀及Ｐｒｅｕｎｄ完全性剂所致大鼠关节炎；对肾上腺、胸腺、脾脏及淋巴结重量无明显影响。抑制小鼠棉球肉芽肿增生，抑制小鼠单核巨噬细胞吞噬功能。表明引流熊胆具有抑制急、慢性及免疫性炎症作用和免疫抑制作用。引流熊胆还抑制大鼠热烫足肿胀．减少大鼠炎症部位ＰＧＥ２含量。提示引流熊胆的抗炎作用与抑制炎症部位的激肽类和ＰＧＥ２的合成与释放有关。     

Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of a fraction rich in gaultherin isolated from Gaultheria yunnanensis (FRANCH.) REHDER

The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of a salicylate derivatives fraction (SDF) isolated from Gaultheria yunnanensis (FRANCH.) REHDER and the mechanisms of actions were investigated in the present study. The major constituent of SDF, which represented around 50% of this fraction, was a methyl salicylate diglycoside named gaultherin. SDF showed a significant inhibition on the hind paw edema in rats (200, 400 mg/kg body wt., p.o.) and ear swelling in mice (200, 400, 800 mg/kg body wt., p.o.) caused by carrageenin and croton oil, respectively. In addition, SDF (400, 800 mg/kg body wt., p.o.) inhibited only the second phase (inflammatory) in the formalin test, and showed no effect in the hot-plate test in mice. The antinociceptive activity of SDF was predominantly peripheral and independent of the opioid system. These findings demonstrate that SDF from Gaultheria yunnanensis (FRANCH.) REHDER possesses analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, which may be mediated, at least partly, through the suppression of inflammatory mediators or their release suggested by the animal experiment. The observed effects of SDF are probably due to the presence of high content of salicylate derivatives (80%), including gaultherin, MSTG-A and MSTG-B.     

Potentiation of the antiinflammatory effect of Anacardium occidentale (Linn.) stem-bark aqueous extract by grapefruit juice

In an attempt to scientifically appraise some of the ethnomedical uses of Anacardium occidentale Linn. (family: Anacardiaceae), the present study was undertaken to examine the antiinflammatory effect of the plant's stem-bark aqueous extract in rats. Young adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were used. The antiinflammatory effect of A. occidentale stem-bark aqueous extract alone and in combination with grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) juice was investigated on fresh egg albumin-induced rat paw edema. Like diclofenac (100 mg/kg p.o.), aqueous extract of A. occidentale stem-bark (800 mg/kg p.o.) produced time-related, sustained and significant reduction (p < 0.05-0.001) of the fresh egg albumin-induced acute inflammation of the rat hind paw. However, the antiinflammatory effect of the plant extract was found to be approximately 8-15 times less than that of diclofenac. Coadministration of grapefruit juice (5 ml/kg p.o.) with A. occidentale stem-bark aqueous extract (800 mg/kg p.o.) or diclofenac (100 mg/kg p.o.) significantly potentiated (p < 0.05-0.001) the antiinflammatory effects of the crude plant extract and diclofenac on fresh egg albumin-induced rat paw edema. Although A. occidentale stem-bark aqueous extract is less potent than diclofenac as an antiinflammatory agent, the results of this experimental animal study indicate that the plant extract possesses antiinflammatory activity, and thus lend pharmacological support to the folkloric use of the plant in the management and/or control of arthritis and other inflammatory conditions among the Yoruba-speaking people of western Nigeria.     

国产乙酰消炎痛的药理研究

乙酰消炎痛为国内新合成的非甾体类解热镇痛药消炎痛的衍生物,对小鼠腹腔毛细血管渗透性增加和耳廓炎症、角叉菜胶性大鼠足肿胀及棉球肉芽肿均有明显的抑制作用。能延长辐射热诱发大鼠疼痛的潜伏期,抑制醋酸所致小鼠的扭体反应。对发热大鼠有降温作用,抑制胶原诱导的血小板聚集,对胃粘膜有损伤作用。     

Effect of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, tolmetin sodium on exudative inflammation in experimental animals (author's transl)

Effect of tolmetin sodium(Tol) on acute and subacute exudative inflammation was tested in experimental animals. Tol had a potent inhibitory activity (ED50 = 0.75 mg/kg, p.o.) on the increased vascular permeability induced by acetic acid in mice, and the potency was about 0.4 times that of indomethacin (Ind), and 6-93 times that of ibuprofen (Ibu), phenylbutazone(Phe) and aspirin(Asp). The inhibitory activity of Tol(ED50 = 18.2 mg/kg, p.o.) on UV-induced erythema in guinea pigs was about 0.3 times that of Ind. A recovery of the hind paw edema of rats, produced by a mixture of kaolin and carrageenin, was promoted by oral administration of Tol(2.5 approximately 20 mg/kg x 5/2 days). Tol(80 mg/kg/day, p.o.) showed a significant activity in inhibiting the exudation caused by croton oil in rats, and the activity was about 0.025 times that of Ind and greater than that of Ibu, Phe and Asp. Tol(100-800 microgram/ml) inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the phytohemagglutinin-induced blast transformation of cultured lymphocytes from rat thymus, as did salicylic acid. In vitro, Tol showed a potent activity similar to that of Ibu and Phe in preventing the denaturation of bovine serum albumin and the lysis of rat erythrocytes. From these results, it is suggested that Tol has a particularly potent inhibitory activity on acute exudative inflammation, and the mode of action may be attributed to a mechanism similar to that seen with other acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.     

The antiinflammatory effect of budesonide ointment and cream

The antiinflammatory effect of topically applied budesonide ointment on carrageenin induced paw edema in rats, croton oil induced ear edema in rats, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in rats and picrylchloride induced contact hypersensitivity in mice was studied and compared with those of commercially available ointments containing betamethasone 17-valerate, hydrocortisone 21-acetate, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate or fluocinonide. The five ointments had almost the same degree of activity against the carrageenin induced paw edema. Budesonide ointment was strongest in inhibiting the croton oil induced ear edema. Budesonide and fluocinonide ointments were stronger than the other 3 ointments in inhibiting PCA and picrylchloride induced hypersensitivity. No clear atrophic effect on the thymus or adrenal was observed with any of the ointments at the doses tested. When the effect of budesonide ointment was compared with that of budesonide cream, there were no differences in activity between the two formulations. The results suggest that budesonide is a useful drug with a superior topical antiinflammatory activity.     

Evaluation of the Anti-inflammatory Properties of Chlorophora excelsa. Stem Bark Extract

ABSTRACT

A methanol extract of the stem bark of Chlorophora excelsa. (Welw.) Benth and Hook was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity in different models. Acute inflammatory effects were studied in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, and the effect of the extract in chronic inflammation was evaluated using the cotton pellet granuloma test. The effect of the extract on topical inflammation induced with croton oil was also tested in mice. The extract produced a significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent inhibition of the carrageenan-induced pedal edema, as well as granuloma tissue formation in rats. Topical anti-inflammatory effect was only evident with 400 mg/kg of the extract. This study demonstrated acute, chronic, and topical anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract of C. excelsa..     

Anti-inflammatory activity of propolis

Propolis (bee-glue), known as a folk medicine, is a lipophilic material found in honeybee hives. In the present study on the anti-inflammatory effect of Korean propolis, it was extracted with ethanol, and used as a test material. The LD₅₀ value with the oral administration of ethanolic extract of Korean propolis (EEKP) was higher than 2 g/kg in mice. The oral administration of the propolis extract (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the development of hind paw edema induced by carrageenin in rats. The oral pretreatment of the propolis extract markedly inhibited the increase in vascular permeability and the number of writhing induced by acetic acid in mice. Propolis extract, 50 and 100 mg/kg p.o. per day for 7 days, produced a significant inhibitory effect on granuloma and exudate formation in rats. This inhibitory effect was enhanced with the concomitant use of prednisolone (2.5 mg/kg). These results suggest that Korean propolis apparently has a strong anti-inflammatory activity.     

麝香的药理研究 Ⅱ.麝香及其有效成分的抗炎作用

麝香水提物对小鼠巴豆油耳部炎症,大鼠琼脂性关节肿、酵母性关节肿、佐剂型多发性关节炎均具非常显著的抑制作用。对大鼠烫伤性血管渗透性增加、羧甲基纤维素引起的腹腔白细胞游走亦具非常明显的抑制作用。静脉注射麝香1号对巴豆油小鼠耳炎症的50%抑制剂量为0.63 mg/kg,为氢化可的松作用强度的36倍,如以克分子剂量相比,则为氢化可的松的500倍以上。静脉注射麝香水提物对小鼠的LD₅₀及95%可信限为848±104 mg/kg。     

Anti-edema effects of some H1-receptor antagonists]

Experiments carried out with mice of CFLP strain have shown that antihistaminics (chloropyramine, cyproheptadine and dimethindene maleate) significantly inhibit the extents of ear oedema induced by croton oil, dithranol or capsaicin. In rats of Wistar strain, oedema was induced in the hind paw by the subplantar injection of carrageenin, and simultaneously by the application of croton oil to the inner surface on the ear. Preliminary antihistamine treatment inhibited the development of both types of oedema, to statistically significant extent.     

去氧乌头碱的抗炎、镇痛和解热作用

本文报告了新近以伏毛铁棒锤中提得的去氧乌头碱(DAC)的抗炎、镇痛和解热作用实验结果,并与已报道过的3-乙酰乌头碱(3AAC)进行比较。DAC0.8mg/kg (ip)显著抑制巴豆油所致小鼠耳廓肿;0.2mg/kg(ip或sc)显著抑制角叉菜胶或甲醛所致大鼠足爪肿、组胺所致大鼠皮肤渗出及醋酸所致小鼠腹腔渗出。于大鼠角叉菜胶足爪肿模型,测得DAC(ip)的抗炎治疗指数(6.38)略高于3AAC(5.92)。醋酸扭体法测得DAC抑制小鼠扭体反应50％的剂量为0.22±0.06mg/kg(sc);热板法测得DAC的小鼠镇痛ED_(50)为0.41±0.10mg/kg(ip),其镇痛治疗指数(6.37)高于3AAC(4.60)。DAC0.24mg/kg(ip)对伤寒副伤寒混合菌苗所致家兔发热有显著解热作用。     

Antiinflammatory properties of Hypoxis hemerocallidea corm (African potato) extracts in rats

The effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea corm, locally known as 'African potato' in South Africa, were examined on rat paw edema induced by subplantar injections of fresh egg albumin (0.5 ml/kg). Acetyl salicylic acid (100 mg/kg p.o.) was used as the reference antiinflammatory agent for comparison. Both the aqueous and methanolic extracts of H. hemerocallidea corm (500 mg/kg p.o.) progressively reduced rat paw edema induced by the subplantar injections of fresh egg albumin. The methanolic extract produced relatively greater and more pronounced antiinflammatory effect than the aqueous extract in the experimental animal model used. However, the two extracts of African potato examined in this study were found to be less potent than acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) as an antiinflammatory agent.     

麝香的药理研究 Ⅱ.麝香及其有效成分的抗炎作用

麝香水提物对小鼠巴豆油耳部炎症,大鼠琼脂性关节肿、酵母性关节肿、佐剂型多发性关节炎均具非常显著的抑制作用。对大鼠烫伤性血管渗透性增加、羧甲基纤维素引起的腹腔白细胞游走亦具非常明显的抑制作用。静脉注射麝香1号对巴豆油小鼠耳炎症的50%抑制剂量为0.63 mg/kg,为氢化可的松作用强度的36倍,如以克分子剂量相比,则为氢化可的松的500倍以上。静脉注射麝香水提物对小鼠的LD_(50)及95%可信限为848±104 mg/kg。     

病毒清的抗炎解热与免疫增强作用

灌胃给予病毒清 (BingDuQing ,BDQ) 0 5 5、1 1 0、2 2 0 g/kg显著抑制小鼠二甲苯性耳肿胀 ,此剂量连续给药 7d ,能提高小鼠体内碳粒廓清能力和绵羊红细胞诱导的血清溶血素抗体水平。大鼠灌胃给予BDQ 0 4 0、0 80、1 60 g/kg能显著抑制角叉菜胶性足肿胀和干酵母性发热时体温的升高。家兔灌胃给予BDQ 0 2 0、0 4 0、0 80g/kg可降低伤寒菌苗致热时的体温