Organisasjon og målsettinger: Refleksjoner omkring en personal-undersøkelse

Psykofarmaka: Odd Lingjaerde Tano: Oslo 1988. 1b. 572 s. N. kr. 448,-. 3. ut-gave.

Alice Miller slår til igjen

A. Der Gemiedene Schliissel: Alice Miller Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1988, ISBN 3-518-02226-1.

B. Das Verbannte Wissen: Alice Miller Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1988. ISBN 3-518-02227-X.

My work with borderline-patients: Harold F. Searles Forlag Jason Aronson, Inc., Northvale, New Jersey, London. 1986.     

Social Aggression Among Girls by Marion K Underwood

Therapy with young men: 16–24 year olds in treatment

Dave Verhaagen

2010, Routledge, Hove, East Sussex, UK; New York, New York, USA

217 pages

Paperback, ISBN: 978-0-415-80447-9, ZAR 385.95

Hardback, ISBN: 978-0-415-80446-2     

Bokanmeldelse

Harald Blomberg: “Opposition — en sinnessjukdom? Rysk politisk psykiatri.” Oktoberförlaget, Stockholm 1980. 164 sidor. Pris Skr 73.-

David H. Malan: The Frontier of Brief Psychoterapy. An Example of the Convergence of Research and Clinical Practice. Plenum Medical Book Company, New York 1976. ISBN 0-306-30895-9. 373 sider.

Peter Rossel: Medicinsk Etik. En idehistorisk analyse af lægestandens dokumenter. GADS filosofi-serie. G.E.C. GAD- København. 1979 136 sider.

Gunnar Holmberg: Depression — diagnos och behandling. Almqvist & Wiksell International. Stockholm. Pris kr 98:-. 151 sid.

Akademisk avhandling. Lil Träskman: Depression and suicidal behaviour, a biochemical and pharmacological study. Nea Print, Sollentuna. 61 sidor.     

Neurological outcome in children and youth with acquired brain injury 2-year post-injury

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine neurological outcome in children and youth with acquired brain injury (ABI) and explore associated factors.

Design: Cross-sectional study, two-years post-injury. Patients: Hospital-based sample (n=112) aged 6-22 years.

Methods: Neurological outcome and participation were assessed with a multidimensional neurological examination and the Child and Adolescent Scale of Participation. Logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationships.

Results: Both sensorimotor and cognitive deficits were found in 30-31%, language deficits and behavioural deficits in 10-17%. Non-traumatic injury had a negative impact on neurological outcome, specifically regarding sensorimotor and language deficits. Lower education level showed a significantly poorer neurological outcome. High levels of age-expected participation were reported, with a significant relation between deficits and participation restrictions, especially at school.

Conclusion: One out of three have a poor neurological outcome, related to type of injury and lower level of education. The amount of deficits is associated with participation restrictions.     

miR-384-5p ameliorates neuropathic pain by targeting SCN3A in a rat model of chronic constriction injury

ABSTRACT

Objective: To explore the potential regulation mechanisms of miR-384-5p in Neuropathic pain (NP).

Methods: Rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) was established to induce NP in vivo. NP levels were assessed using Withdrawal Threshold (PWT) and Paw Withdrawal Latency (PWL). qPCR and Western blotting were used to determine the relative expression of miR-384-5p and SCN3A. The inflammation response in spinal microglia cells was determined by ELISA assay. Immunofluorescence assay was used to demonstrate the co-localization of miR-384-5p with SCN3A in rat dorsal root ganglions (DRGs). The target genes of miR-384-5p were verified by dual-luciferase report assays.

Results: In the current study, the miR-384-5p expression level was significantly downregulated in CCI rats when comparing to the sham group. In addition, miR-384-5p agomir significantly repressed mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in CCI rats. Meanwhile, the current study indicated miR‐384‐5p could decrease inflammation progress in spinal microglia cells incubated in lipopolysaccharide. Consistently, overexpression of miR-384-5p obviously depressed inflammation cytokine levels in CCI rats. Dual-luciferase reporter assays indicated that SCN3A is a target gene of miR-384-5p.

Conclusion: miR-384-5p is a negative regulator in the development of neuropathic pain by regulating SCN3A, indicating that miR-384-5p might be a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of neuropathic pain.

Abbreviations: CCI: Chronic constriction injury; ZEB1: Zinc finger E box binding protein-1; MAPK6: Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6; COX-2: cyclooxygenase-2.     

Prenatal PM2.5 exposure and behavioral development in children from Mexico City

BackgroundChildhood exposure to air pollution has been linked with maladaptive cognitive development; however, less is known about the association between prenatal fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure and childhood behavior.ObjectivesOur aim was to assess the association between prenatal PM_2.5 exposure and behavioral development in 4-6 year old children residing in Mexico City.MethodsWe used data from 539 mother-child pairs enrolled in a prospective birth cohort in Mexico City. We estimated daily PM_2.5 exposure using a 1 km² satellite-based exposure model and averaged over each trimester of pregnancy. We assessed childhood behavior at 4-6 years of age using the parent-completed Behavioral Assessment Scale for Children (BASC-2) composite scores and subscales. We used linear regression models to estimate change in BASC-2 T-scores with trimester specific 5-μg/m³ increases in PM_2.5. All models were mutually adjusted for PM_2.5 exposures during the other trimesters, maternal factors including age, education, socioeconomic status, depression, and IQ, child’s age at study visit, and season. We additionally assessed sex-specific effects by including an interaction term between PM_2.5 and sex.ResultsHigher first trimester PM_2.5 exposure was associated with reduced Adaptive Skills scores (β: -1.45, 95% CI: -2.60, -0.30). Lower scores on the Adaptive Skills composite score and subscales indicate poorer functioning. For PM_2.5 exposure during the first trimester, decrements were consistent across adaptive subscale scores including Adaptability (β: -1.51, 95% CI: -2.72, -0.30), Social Skills (β: -1.63, 95% CI: -2.90, -0.36), and Functional Communication (β: -1.21, 95% CI: -2.21, -0.21). The association between 1^st trimester PM_2.5 and depression was stronger in males than females (β for males: 1.52, 95% CI: -0.41, 3.45; β for females: -0.13, 95% CI: -1.99, 1.72; p-int: 0.07).ConclusionsExposure to PM_2.5 during early pregnancy may be associated with impaired behavioral development in children, particularly for measures of adaptive skills. These results suggest that air pollution impacts behavioral domains as well as cognition, and that the timing of exposure may be critical.     

Book Review - Somatoforme tilstande. En deskriptiv og sammenlignende unders gelse af patienter med somatiske symptomer uden organisk grundlag

Når de modigste ikke tør. Nytt håp for angstrammede: Tollak B. Sirnes Ansgar Forlag, Oslo 1987

Kroppsorienterad psykoterapi: Björn Wrangsjö (red.) med bidrag af George Downing: Natur och Kultur, Stockholm, 1987. ISBN 91-27-01845-8. 350 S. SEK 297.

Diagnostik och behandling av depressioner: Svenska PTD kommittén (Göran Eberhard, Gunnar Holmberg, Anne-Liis von Knorring, Lars von Knorring, Wolfgang Rutz, Börje Wistedt, Jan Wålinder och Anna Åberg-Wistedt) Redaktör: Gunnar Holmberg: CIBA-GEIGY Läkemedel AB, Box 605, 421 26 Västra Frölunda, 1987, 181 s. ISBN 82-02-10908-6     

Self-compassion and resilience mediate the relationship between childhood exposure to domestic violence and posttraumatic growth/stress disorder during COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUNDStudies have indicated that childhood exposure to domestic violence is a common factor in posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but it is unclear whether PTG and PTSD share a common/different underlying mechanism.AIMTo explore the common/different underlying mechanism of PTG and PTSD.METHODSBetween February 12 and 17, 2020, a nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted in China among 2038 university students, and a self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection. The data included demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, and subjective social economic status, and childhood exposure to domestic violence scale that was selected from the Chinese version of revised Adverse Childhood Experiences Question, Self-compassion Scale, Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, and the Abbreviated PTSD Checklist-Civilian version. A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses.RESULTSExposure to domestic violence was significantly associated with PTG and PTSD via a 1-step indirect path of self-compassion (PTG: β = -0.023, 95%CI: -0.44 to -0.007; PTSD: β = 0.008, 95%CI: 0.002, 0.014) and via a 2-step indirect path from self-compassion to resilience (PTG: β = -0.008, 95%CI: -0.018 to -0.002; PTSD: β = 0.013, 95%CI: 0.004-0.024). However, resilience did not mediate the relationship between exposure to domestic violence and PTG and PTSD.CONCLUSIONPTG and PTSD are common results of childhood exposure to domestic violence, which may be influenced by self-compassion and resilience.     

Book Review

Abstract

Cognitive neuropsychology trying to be clinical

John L. Bradshaw abd Jason B. Mattingley: Clinical Neuropsychology: Behavioral and Brain Science. Academic Press 1995, 458 pp. ISBN: 0-12-124545-4; Paperback: $34.95     

Enhanced antitumor effect of combined-modality treatment using convection-enhanced delivery of hydrophilic nitrosourea with irradiation or systemic administration of temozolomide in intracranial brain tumor xenografts

Abstract

Objective: Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a local infusion technique that delivers chemotherapeutic agents directly to the central nervous system, circumventing the blood–brain barrier and reducing systemic side effects. We previously reported the safety and efficacy of CED of ACNU (nimustine hydrochloride: 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride), a hydrophilic nitrosourea, in rat brain tumor models. This study evaluated the efficacy of combined-modality treatments using CED of ACNU with irradiation or systemic administration of temozolomide.

Methods: Antitumor efficacy and toxicity of the treatment were evaluated using rat 9L intracranial brain tumor models.

Results: Combined treatment using CED of ACNU with irradiation produced significantly longer survival time than each treatment alone (versus CED: p<0.001, versus irradiation: p<0.05, log-rank test) or systemic administration of ACNU with irradiation (p<0.001). Long-term survival (120 days) and eradication of tumor occurred only in this combined-treatment group. We also showed that CED of ACNU plus systemic administration of temozolomide significantly enhanced survival rate compared with each treatment alone (versus CED: p<0.001, versus systemic temozolomide: p<0.05).

Discussion: Multimodality treatment using CED of ACNU, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy with temozolomide is a promising strategy for treatment of brain tumors.     

两种手术方式对Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞的系统评价及meta分析

目的系统评价后颅窝减压(posterior fossa decompression,PFD)和后颅窝减压加硬膜成形术(posterior fossa decompression plus duraplasty,PFDD)在Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞患者中的有效性及安全性。方法检索Embase、Cochrane、Pubmed、Ovid、Medline、Science Direct、谷歌学术、万方、知网等数据库自建库到2019年的文献,筛选文中对PFD与PFDD进行了比较的随机对照研究或非随机对照研究,统计术后临床症状和影像学改善情况、并发症等指标,运用Revman(5. 3版本)进行数据分析。结果最终纳入10篇文献,共3 188例,PFDD组1 383例,PFD组1 805例。在脊髓空洞改善率(OR:5. 53; 95%CI:2. 86,10. 69)、症状缓解率(OR:2. 53; 95%CI:1. 30,4. 91)、并发症发生率(OR:3. 46; 95%CI:1. 40,8. 59)、脑脊液漏发生率(OR:9. 36; 95%CI:2. 63,33. 34)、假性硬脑膜膨出率(OR:1. 89; 95%CI:1. 28,2. 79)方面PFDD组高于PFD组(P 0. 05)。在切口感染发生率(OR:1. 44; 95%CI:0. 57,3. 59)、皮下积液发生率(OR:1. 71; 95%CI:0. 50,5. 80)方面两种术式无差异(P 0. 05)。结论针对Chiari畸形Ⅰ型合并脊髓空洞的患者,PFDD的有效性优于PFD。     

Sleep problems and mental health among young Norwegian adolescents

Abstract

Purpose: The present study investigated the associations between the aspects of sleep problems and mental health in Norwegian young adolescents.

Materials and methods: Adolescents (12–13 years) were recruited from the primary schools in Telemark County, Norway. Sleep related problems were assessed by asking parents three questions related to their childrens’ sleep quality, sleep sufficiency, and daytime sleepiness. Parents reported data on mental health by the extended version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and information on the child’s physical activity, screen time, eating pattern, gender, and background variables. Height and weight were objectively measured. Complete data were obtained for 690 adolescents.

Results: Multiple logistic regressions were used. Bivariate analyses indicated important associations between the sleep aspects and mental health. When adjusting the sleep variables for each other, lifestyle factors and background variables, sleep quality problems were associated with any psychiatric problem (OR_adj: 4.0, CI: 2.0-8.2), emotional problems (OR_adj: 15.1, CI: 3.4-66.8), and hyperactivity-inattention problems (OR_adj: 5.1, CI: 2.2-12.1). Daytime sleepiness problems were associated with any psychiatric problem (OR_adj: 2.3, CI: 1.2-4.4), and hyperactivity-inattention problems (OR_adj: 2.5, CI: 1.1-5.5). Bivariate associations between problems with sufficient sleep and mental health problems lost the significance when adjusted for other sleep variables.

Conclusions: The results indicate that different aspects of sleep problems may be important underlying factors for mental health problems in adolescents, independently of lifestyle factors, BMI-category, gender, and background variables. This highlights the importance of examining specific sleep problems when investigating associations between sleep and mental health.     

Age and sex-mediated differences in six-month outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury in young adults: a TRACK-TBI study

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Risk factors for young adults with mTBI are not well understood. Improved understanding of age and sex as risk factors for impaired six-month outcomes in young adults is needed.

Methods: Young adult mTBI subjects aged 18–39 years (18-29y; 30-39y) with six-month outcomes were extracted from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury Pilot (TRACK-TBI Pilot) study. Multivariable regressions were performed for outcomes with age, sex, and the interaction factor age-group*sex as variables of interest, controlling for demographic and injury variables. Mean-differences (B) and 95% CIs are reported.

Results: One hundred mTBI subjects (18-29y, 70%; 30-39y, 30%; male, 71%; female, 29%) met inclusion criteria. On multivariable analysis, age-group*sex was associated with six-month post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; PTSD Checklist-Civilian version); compared with female 30-39y, female 18-29y (B= ?19.55 [?26.54, ?4.45]), male 18-29y (B= ?19.70 [?30.07, ?9.33]), and male 30-39y (B= ?15.49 [?26.54, ?4.45]) were associated with decreased PTSD symptomatology. Female sex was associated with decreased six-month functional outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE): B= ?0.6 [1.0, ?0.1]). Comparatively, 30-39y scored higher on six-month nonverbal processing speed (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Processing Speed Index (WAIS-PSI); B= 11.88, 95% CI [1.66, 22.09]).

Conclusions: Following mTBI, young adults aged 18-29y and 30-39y may have different risks for impairment. Sex may interact with age for PTSD symptomatology, with females 30-39y at highest risk. These results may be attributable to cortical maturation, biological response, social modifiers, and/or differential self-report. Confirmation in larger samples is needed; however, prevention and rehabilitation/counseling strategies after mTBI should likely be tailored for age and sex.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01565551.     

神经内镜术与小骨窗血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血疗效的Meta分析

目的对比神经内镜术和小骨窗血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法检索2008年—2018年的万方、维普和PubMed等中英文数据库,找出对比神经内镜术和小骨窗血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的文献,利用Rev Man 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入4篇随机对照研究和6篇病例对照研究,965例中神经内镜组493例,小骨窗组472例。Meta分析结果示:与小骨窗组相比,内镜组血肿清除率更高(SMD=14.20; 95%CI=[8.48,19.92]),术中出血量更少(SMD=-215.06,95%CI=[-255.41,-174.71]),手术时间更短(SMD=-96.63,95%CI=[-114.24,-79.01]),ICU入住时间缩短(OR=-5.91,95%CI=[-6.26,-5.57]),术后并发症更少(OR=0.28,95%CI=[0.19,0.43]),术后6个月恢复良好率更佳(OR=2.02,95%CI=[1.54,2.66]),病死率更低(OR=0.32,95%CI=[0.16,0.62])。所比较结果均具有统计学意义。结论与小骨窗术相比,神经内镜术治疗高血压脑出血其预后更佳、病死率更低,疗效更好,并且清除率更高,术中出血量减少,手术时间变短,ICU入住天数减少,术后并发症较少,故值得推广。     

Book review

Abstract

Neuropsychological assessment of neuropsychiatric disorders Igor Grant and Kenneth M. Adams. Neuropsychological Assessment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986, 528 pp. $45.00. ISBN 0-19-503545-3.     

Bokanmeldelser

Thorkil Vanggaard: Borderlands of Sanity Munksgaard, København 1979 237 pp, Pris: D. kr. 143,45

Sigmund Freud: — Udkast/Entwurf - 1895- dansk oversættelse Hans Reitzel, 174 s., 1980.     

IL6-174G > C genetic polymorphism influences antidepressant treatment outcome

Background: Major depressive disorder is a condition associated with dysregulated cytokine levels; among these, IL6. Furthermore, genetic variations within cytokine genes have been proposed to predict antidepressant treatment outcome.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the role of IL6-174G?>?C and IL6R D358A A?>?C functional polymorphisms in antidepressant treatment phenotypes, specifically remission, relapse, and treatment resistant depression (TRD).

Methods: The referred polymorphisms were genotyped in 80 MDD patients followed at Hospital Magalhães Lemos, Portugal, within a period of 27 months.

Results: It was found that patients carrying IL6-174 GC genotype present a protection towards the development of TRD (OR?=?0.242; 95% CI?=?0.068–0.869; p?=?.038), when compared with GG genotype. Additionally, carriers of IL6-174?CC genotype remit earlier than patients with IL6-174 GG/GC genotypes, with a median time to remission of 6 weeks for CC carriers and 15 weeks for GG or GC carriers (p?=?.030, Log-rank test). No association was found between IL6R D358A genetic polymorphism and any of the treatment phenotypes evaluated.

Conclusions: The IL6-174G?>?C polymorphism influences antidepressant treatment outcome in this sub-set of MDD patients, providing a putative mechanistic link for the dysregulated IL-6 levels described in the literature in patients with TRD.     

Ketamine up-regulates a cluster of intronic miRNAs within the serotonin receptor 2C gene by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3

Objectives: We examined mechanisms that contribute to the rapid antidepressant effect of ketamine in mice that is dependent on glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibition.

Methods: We measured serotonergic (5HT)-2C-receptor (5HTR2C) cluster microRNA (miRNA) levels in mouse hippocampus after administering an antidepressant dose of ketamine (10?mg/kg) in wild-type and GSK3 knockin mice, after GSK3 inhibition with L803-mts, and in learned helpless mice.

Results: Ketamine up-regulated cluster miRNAs 448-3p, 764-5p, 1264-3p, 1298-5p and 1912-3p (2- to 11-fold). This up-regulation was abolished in GSK3 knockin mice that express mutant constitutively active GSK3. The GSK3 specific inhibitor L803-mts was antidepressant in the learned helplessness and novelty suppressed feeding depression-like behaviours and up-regulated the 5HTR2C miRNA cluster in mouse hippocampus. After administration of the learned helplessness paradigm mice were divided into cohorts that were resilient (non-depressed) or were susceptible (depressed) to learned helplessness. The resilient, but not depressed, mice displayed increased hippocampal levels of miRNAs 448-3p and 1264-3p. Administration of an antagonist to miRNA 448-3p diminished the antidepressant effect of ketamine in the learned helplessness paradigm, indicating that up-regulation of miRNA 448-3p provides an antidepressant action.

Conclusions: These findings identify a new outcome of GSK3 inhibition by ketamine that may contribute to antidepressant effects.     

CLN -encoded proteins do not interact with each other

The lysosomal storage of lipofuscins is the common pathological feature that characterizes the infantile, late-infantile, juvenile (Batten's disease), and Finnish-variant neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (INCL, LINCL, JNCL and FNCL), which are due to mutations in the genes CLN1 , CLN2 , CLN3 , and CLN5 , respectively. The CLN1 and CLN2 genes encode lysosomal enzymes, but the CLN3 and CLN5 genes encode membrane-spanning proteins. Why deficiencies of lysosomal enzymes and membrane-spanning proteins produce similar clinical phenotypes and pathological changes is still unanswered. We hypothesize that CLN -encoded proteins may comprise a functional pathogenic pathway, in which protein associations may play important roles. To test this hypothesis, we studied protein-protein interactions among the CLN1 -, CLN2 -, and CLN3 -encoded proteins using a yeast two-hybrid system. Our results provided no evidence that CLN -encoded proteins interact with each other. This suggests there may be unidentified components in NCL pathogenesis. Received: December 1, 1999 / Accepted: February 2, 2000 / Published online: May 9, 2000