Kinetics of Antibacterial Activity and Physicochemical Damage Caused by the Extracts of Senna alata Flowers

A partially purified extract of Senna alata flower exhibited appreciable antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, and Pseudomonas putida. The rate at which Gram positive bacteria were killed by the plant extract was high for the first 30 min, but decreased substantially thereafter. The effect of the extract was roughly proportional to the concentration. The mechanism of antibacterial activity of the Senna alata plant extract involved potassium ion and protein leakage. While maximum potassium leakage occurred within 30 min, protein efflux was at a peak after 75 min. Microscopic examination suggested that Bacillus subtilis cells were mummified while Staphylococcus aureus cells were lysed.     

Antifungal Properties of Some Components of Senna Alata Flower

Antifungal activity of some components of Senna alata flower was examined against five fungi. The methanolic crude extract and the partially purified fractions were both active against standard strains of Aspergillus niger, Geotricum candidum, and Candida utilis, and local isolates of Aspergillus brevipes and Penicillium species, but at different concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the methanolic crude extract was low for all the fungal strains except Aspergillus niger with 5.0 mg/mL concentration, while the minimum inhibitory concentration of partially purified components (C and F) ranged between 0.312 mg/mL for extract F against Penicillium species and 2.5 mg/mL for extract C against Aspergillus niger, Penicillium species and Candida utilis. The minimum fungicidal concentration of the crude methanolic extract was generally higher than 5 mg/mL for most of the fungi but the partially purified extract exhibited fungicidal concentrations ranging from 2.5 mg/mL to 5.0 mg/mL. Antifungal properties against mycelial growth was also demonstrated by all the extracts against the tested strains, with the crude methanolic extract losing its activity after 48 hours. The partially purified Senna alata extracts exhibited a relatively high antifungal activity against mycelial growth with total suppression of sporulation for four days at a concentration of 2 mg/mL, while preventing fungal growth after the seventh day.     

Activity of Senna villosa against Trypanosoma cruzi

Methanol, chloroform and aqueous extracts from Senna villosa were tested in vitro against epimastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Methanol and chloroform extracts were found to possess significant activity against both forms of the parasite, while chloroform extract at doses of 1.65, 3.3, and 6.6 μg/mL demonstrated activity similar to gentian violet and allopurinol.     

Mutagenicity of Crude Senna and Senna Glycosides in Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract: The mutagenicity of senna glycosides and extracts of senna folium and senna fructus was investigated in the Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. Senna glycosides were inactive in all strains, except for a slight, but significant increase in mutant frequency in TA102 in the absence and presence of liver microsomes. Extracts of senna fructus and senna folium demonstrated weak activity in TA97a, TA100 and TA102 in the presence of liver microsomes, and in TA97a and TA102 in the absence of liver microsomes. A strong increase in mutant frequency (3- to 5-fold above background frequency) was observed with all extracts in TA98 in the presence of liver microsomes. This activity increased further following enzymatic hydrolysis with hesperidinase of extracts of senna fructus from one source, and could be correlated to the release of the flavonol aglycones kaempferol and quercetin. The weak or lacking activity of anthraquinone aglycones in the tested strains of Salmonella typhimurium indicates that mutagenicity can not be attributed solely to the anthraquinone content of these plant materials. The chemical nature of other mutagenic components has not been elucidated.     

甲磺酸左氧氟沙星的体外抗菌活性研究

甲磺酸左氧氟沙星(Levofloxacin Mesylate,MSALVFX)是本所研制的一种新的氟喹诺酮类抗菌药,是氧氟沙星左旋体的甲磺酸盐。我们测定了甲磺酸左氧氟沙星的体外抗菌活性,并与同类药比较。实验结果表明,MSALVFX是一种广谱、抗菌活性强的喹诺酮类抗菌药,对革兰阳性菌的MIC为0.12～1μg/ml,对革兰阴性菌的MIC为0.002～1μg/ml。对临床分离致病菌871株的活性均与左氧氟沙星相似,是氧氟沙星的2倍。接种量、马血清、培养基pH值等因素对MSALVFX的抗菌活性无明显影响。MSALVFX的杀菌作用与左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星相当,比氧氟沙星强2倍。     

三环氟喹诺酮类化合物的合成及其抗菌活性研究

在保留芦氟沙星母核基本骨架的基础上进行结构修饰，合成了７个化合物，并测试了其体外抑菌活性，其中化合物（Ⅳ１）的体外抑菌活性优于芦氟沙星。     

亚烃二双胍盐酸盐的合成及体外抗菌活性

设计合成了7个新亚烃二双胍盐酸盐，体外抗菌活性筛选结果显示其中部分化合物有抗菌活性。     

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Organoselenium Compounds

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal -     

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of N-Alkylpyridinium Podands

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal -     

诺氟沙星的体外抗菌作用评价

目的：评价诺氟沙星对烧烫伤创面常见致病菌的抑菌、杀菌作用。方法：用浊度法测定诺氟沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌（ATCC6538）、大肠杆菌（ATCC8099）和铜绿假单胞菌[CMCC（B）10110]的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）和最小杀菌浓度（MBC）,实验平行3次,观察诺氟沙星培养液的浊度。结果：诺氟沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为0．15μg·ml^-1,MBC为0．25μg·ml^-1;对大肠杆菌的MIC为0．25μg·ml^-1,MBC为5．0μg·ml^-1;对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC为4．57μg·ml^-1,MBC为14．0μg·ml^-1。结论：诺氟沙星在体外对烧烫伤创面常见致病菌均具有较强的抗菌作用,可为临床创面用药剂量的筛选提供一些依据。     

壳聚糖体外抗菌活性的研究

目的 研究壳聚糖的体外抗菌活性。方法 采用两倍稀释法对临床分离8种细菌进行体外抗菌试验。结果 该药对金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎球 菌很敏感,其MIC50为0.04mg·L-1,MIC90为0.25mg·L-1,MBC50为0.04mg ·L-1,MBC90为0.35mg·L-1。结论 壳聚糖化氧氟沙星的抗菌活性强。     

Analgesic Activity of Caesalpinia bonducella Flower Extract

Caesalpinia bonducella Fleming (Leguminosae) flower extract (CBFE) was administered orally (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) and tested for analgesic and antipyretic activities in adult mice and rats. Analgesic activity was investigated in capsaicin-induced pain, formalin-induced pain, acetic acid-induced writhing test, hot plate test, and tail flick test. Antipyretic activity was tested in Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in rats. The extract was found to have significant antinociceptive effect in inflammatory phase of formalin-induced pain and acetic acid-induced parietal pain.     

甲壳胺体外抗菌活性的研究

采用两倍稀释法对临床分离的 4种细菌进行了体外抗菌试验。结果显示 ,甲壳胺有较强的抗菌活性     

丹皮酚体外抑菌作用研究

摘要目的研究牡丹皮中丹皮酚体外抑菌性能。方法采用药敏纸片法和试管二倍稀释法测定牡丹皮中丹皮酚对大肠埃希菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌等6种细菌的抑菌作用。结果丹皮酚对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌作用最强,最低抑菌浓度（MIC）均为62.5 mg·mL－1;对伤寒杆菌和乙型副伤寒杆菌的抑菌作用其次,MIC均为125.0 mg·mL－1;对变形杆菌抑菌作用最弱,MIC为250.0 mg·mL－1。结论丹皮酚对6种细菌均有明显的抑制作用,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌敏感性较强。     

Antibacterial Activity of Jordanian Medicinal Plants

The antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of 15 plant species used in the traditional medicine in Jordan and other Middle East countries were tested. Extracts of certain parts of these plants were tested in vitro against 14 pathogenic bacterial species and strains using the agar diffusion method. Results evaluated as the diameter of inhibition zone of bacterial growth showed that 25 mg/well of 12 plant extracts have antibacterial activity on one or more of the tested bacteria. Three plants exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity: Punica granatum L., Quercus infectoria Olive., and Rhus coriaria L. The most susceptible bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 12351), and the most resistant species were Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922 and clinical isolates), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysentriae (ATCC 49345), and Yersinia enterocolitica (ATCC 9610). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of active extracts ranged from 4-32 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were exerted at higher doses 8-62 mg/ml.     

Antimycobacterial and Antibacterial Activity of Allium sativum Bulbs

Tuberculosis is one of the major public health problems faced globally. Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antitubercular agents has called for an urgent need to investigate newer drugs to combat tuberculosis. Garlic (Allium sativum) is an edible plant which has generated a lot of curiosity throughout human history as a medicinal plant. Garlic contains sulfur compounds like allicin, ajoene, allylmethyltrisulfide, diallyltrisulfide, diallyldisulphide and others which exhibit various biological properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, and cardiovascular effects. According to various traditional systems of medicine, garlic is one of the established remedies for tuberculosis. The objective of the current study was to investigate in vitro antimycobacterial activity as well as anti-bacterial activity of various extracts rich in specific phytoconstituents from garlic. Preparation of garlic extracts was done based on the chemistry of the constituents and their stability. The estimation of in vitro antimycobacterial activity of different garlic extracts was done using Resazurin microtire plate assay technique whereas activity of garlic oil was evaluated by colony count method. The antibacterial activity of extracts and oil was estimated by zone of inhibition method. Extracts of garlic rich in allicin and ajoene showed appreciable antimycobacterial activity as compared to standard drugs. Garlic oil demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, particularly against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.     

含硫三环氟喹诺酮类化合物的合成及其抗菌活性研究

目的：寻找具有更好抗菌活性的含硫三环氟喹诺酮类化合物。方法：在芦氟沙星母核的10位引入不同基团，设计并合成8个含硫三环氟喹诺酮类化合物，并测定其体外抗菌活性。结果：合成了目标化合物，其结构经IR、^1HNMR、MS和元素分析确证；它们具有不同强度的抗菌活性，其中几个化合物的抗菌活性优于芦氟沙星。结论：初步的体外抗菌实验证实所合成目标化合物具明显的抗菌活性，甚至优于芦氟沙星。     

喹喔啉1,4-二氧化物的合成及抗菌活性

邻硝基苯胺氧化闭环得到的苯并呋咱一氧化物，与β-二酮或β-酮酯直接进行Beirut反应缩合得到喹喔啉1，4-二氧化物1a～1c，分别进行羟醛缩合以及酯交换反应得到3或4。体外抗菌试验表明，1b与3的活性明显优于痢菌净，1c与4的活性与痢菌净相当。