Antibiotic Action of Seed Lipids from Five Tree Species Grown in Turkey

In this study, the seed lipids of Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold.), Ehrami pine (Pinus nigra var. pyramidalis), Caucasian fir [Abies nordmanniana (Stev.) Spach], Eastern red (Thuja orientalis L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) grown in Turkey were extracted with a mixture of methanol and chloroform. The bacterial and antifungal activities of the seed lipids were tested against various pathogenic bacteria and fungi by applying the disc-diffusion method. The seed lipids of A. nordmanniana were found to be most effective against the tested microorganisms, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Micrococcus luteus bacteria, followed by T. orientalis and P. sylvestris, respectively. However, the seed lipids of P. nigra var. pyramidalis were not effective on the growth of any microorganism. Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes bacteria were found as the most resistant bacteria in the study. Furthermore, the seed lipids of A. nordmanniana and, somewhat, T. orientalis, were generally comparable to two reference antibiotics.     

Differences in the in vitro effectiveness of preparations produced from mistletoes of various host trees

The in vitro effectiveness of three Helixor preparations produced from mistletoes of different host trees on suspension cell cultures of the human leukemia cell line Molt 4 has been compared by means of dose-response investigations. After 72 h treatment the preparation produced from mistletoes of the appletree (Malus) shows the strongest effect on the growth and viability of the cell cultures. The preparation produced from mistletoes of the fir (Abies) shows also an evident but much weaker effect, whereas the preparation produced from mistletoes of the pine (Pinus) causes a weak effect only at a very high dosage. As shown in 24-h incorporation experiments with 3H-labelled DNA-, RNA- and protein precursors the preparation produced from mistletoes of the apple-tree reduces the protein synthesis of the cells to a greater extent than the DNA-and RNA-synthesis.     

Screening of Methanol Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Abies webbiana Lindl. for Neuropharmacological Activities

Despite a long traditional of use of Abies webbiana Lindl. (Talispatra; family-Pinaceae) in the treatment of mental disorders, the plant has not been investigated systematically to validate its traditional claims. Thus, the present investigation was undertaken with an objective to investigate neuropharmacological activities of methanol extract of Abies webbiana aerial parts and its ethyl acetate fraction. Properly identified aerial parts were defatted with petroleum ether and then extracted with methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. Ethyl acetate fraction was prepared by partitioning methanol extract with ethyl acetate using standard procedure. In acute toxicity study, no mortality was observed in animals after oral administration of 2 g/kg dose of methanol extract. The methanol extract (200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and ethyl acetate fraction (25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated for antianxiety, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, sedative, antistress and analgesic activities using well established models. The methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Abies webbiana aerial parts exhibited significant antianxiety, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, sedative, antistress and analgesic activities with respect to control. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed presence of flavonoids in bioactive ethyl acetate fraction of Abies webbiana aerial parts. It is finally concluded that flavonoids are the bioactive constituents responsible for most of neuropharmacological activities of Abies webbiana.     

Pharmacological effects of Abies polyprenols and carsil on alcohol-induced hepatitis

The introduction of polyprenols isolated from fir (Abies) tree in male rats weighing 170 - 180 g with alcohol-induced hepatitis favored reduction in hepatocyte cytolysis and cholestasis and led to an improvement of the protein- and glycogen-synthesizing function of liver. A clear tendency to normalization of the maintenance of total lipids, triglycerides and phospholipids and the inhibition of lipid peroxidization processes in the damaged organ was observed. The introduction of Abies polyprenols also improved the process of bile secretion and its chemical composition.     

Studies on the constituents of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. leaves. II. On the ethanol-extractable amino acids compared with Pinus thunbergii Parl. leaves

In order to identify the constituents of ethanol-extractable amino acids (free amino acids) from Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and Pinus thunbergii Parl. leaves, analytical studies were performed by the use of high performance liquid chromatography. According to the results obtained, 29 amino acids in Pinus densiflora (the tree aged 3), 27 amino acids in Pinus thunbergii (the tree aged 3) and 25 amino acids in both pine (the tree aged 25) were confirmed. The total amounts of free amino acids in Pinus densiflora were found to be more rich than in Pinus thunbergii. The peaks of many free amino acids in Pinus densiflora (the tree aged 3) were found in February, but in Pinus thunbergii (the tree aged 3) the peaks of free amino acids were observed in May and from February to April. The mode of occurrence of asparagine at germination of buds explains clearly the distinction between Pinus densiflora and Pinus thunbergii.     

Mono- and sesquiterpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, and other miscellaneous compounds of Abies georgei

A systematic phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Abies georgei yielded nine new and 72 known compounds, including four monoterpenes, four sesquiterpenes, 25 flavonones, 14 lignans, and 34 other chemical constituents. The new compounds included two monoterpenes (1 and 2), two sesquiterpenes (3 and 4), three flavonones (5, 6, and 7), and two other components (8 and 9). Their chemical structures were established on the basis of various spectroscopic data. All the isolates were tested for antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. The new compound 9,4'-dihydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-8-methylchalcone (7) demonstrated a moderate antiproliferative effect on QGY-7703 tumor cells (IC (50) = 17.6 μg/mL). The known compound isoferulaldehyde (67) exhibited the strongest inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages (IC (50)?= 19.0 μg/mL). Abies georgei may be a significant source of beneficial pharmaceutical compounds.     

樟子松松塔化学成分初步研究

目的:检测樟子松松塔中有效成分,为樟子松松塔的开发研究提供理论依据。方法:利用超声波提取法对樟子松松塔进行水、95%乙醇、石油醚提取,采用试管试验法、纸色谱法和薄层色谱法对其检液中有效成分进行检测。结果:樟子松松塔含有氨基酸、皂苷、酚性物、蒽醌、黄酮、香豆素、挥发油、油脂等化学成分,未检测出蛋白质、多糖、还原糖、有机酸、生物碱、鞣质、植物甾醇类成分。结论:樟子松松塔中含有丰富的天然有效成分,具有开发利用价值。     

马尾松不同部位莽草酸含量分析

目的:测定马尾松不同部位的莽草酸含量,为其合理开发利用提供参考.方法:采用反向离子对高效液相色谱法测定马尾松不同部位的莽草酸含量.结果:马尾松嫩松针的含量最高,其次为马尾松的较老松针、老松针和枝,老皮含量最低.结论:马尾松的嫩松针、较老松针具有较高开发价值.     

樟子松树皮有效成分的初步研究

目的：初步研究樟子松树皮的有效成分。方法：对樟子松树皮的水提取液和乙醇提取液分别采用试管预试法、纸色谱法时所提取的不同极性成分进行检测。结果：樟子松树皮中舍有多糖、黄酮、酚性物、有机酸、鞣质等有效成分。结论：樟子松树皮含有丰富的有效成分,可用于提取分离,具有药用开发价值。     

GC-MS对松叶脂溶性化学成分的研究

目的用气相色谱-质谱法对松叶脂溶性化学成分进行研究。方法采用乙醚提取后经甲酯化,然后经毛细管色谱柱进行分离,用归一化法计算含量。结果共鉴定出51个成分,占总成分的93%,主要成分为山牵牛醇、丁香烯、α-丁香烯、α-蒎烯等萜类化合物,此外还含有亚麻酸、棕榈酸等脂肪酸。结论本法可靠,为松叶植物资源的开发利用奠定基础。     

Three new lanostane-type triterpene lactones from the stem bark of Abies mariesii

Three new delta 8-lanostane-type triterpene lactones (1), (2) and (3) were isolated from the stem bark of Abies mariesii M. and unambiguously characterized on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. Chemical modification of compound 1 showed potent inhibitory effects on Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) activation induced by the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA).     

Comparative Pharmacognostic Studies on the Leaves of Abies spectabilis and Taxus wallichiana

Pharmacognostic studies on the leaves of Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach. and Taxus wallichiana Zucc., implicated as ‘Talispatra’ – an important herbal drug of indigenous systems of medicine, have been performed. Epidermal characters, scanning electron microscopical features along with the fluorescence characters of powder and thin layer chromatography of the hexane extract have been found to be valuable parameters for the identification of these species and for the authentication of marketed drug ‘Talispatra’.     

油松松针的化学成分

目的研究油松松针中的化学成分,为松属植物的化学分类学提供一定的依据。方法采用反复硅胶、聚酰胺、ODS、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和1H-NMR、13C-NMR等技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从油松松针中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为(13S)-15-羟基半日花烷-8(17)-烯-19-酸[(13S)-15-hydroxylabd-8(17)-en-19-oicacid,1]、5,4′-二羟基-3,7,8-三甲氧基-6-甲基黄酮(5,4′-dihydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxy-6-methylflavone,2)、柚皮素(naringenin,3)、芹菜素(apigenin,4)、高良姜素(galangin,5)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,6)、胡萝卜苷(paucosterol,7)。结论化合物1-3为首次从该属中分离得到,化合物4-7为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Pinus sylvestris and Plantago lanceolata extracts: effect on inducible NOS, COX-1, COX-2 and their products in J774A.1 murine macrophages

Extracts of the plant species Pinus sylvestris L. and Plantago lanceolata L. have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of certain respiratory diseases, but little is known about their precise effects and mechanisms of action. In this study, we investigated the effect of these plant extracts on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2), NO synthase (NOS) type II, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 mRNA expression in the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1. We found that Pinus sylvestris and Plantago lanceolata extracts inhibited NO production in a concentration-dependent manner in this cell line, without obvious cytotoxic effects as tested by MTT assay. The Plantago lanceolata extract at all doses used, and the Pinus sylvestris extract at high doses, showed significant scavenging of NO radicals released by the NO donor PAPA-NONOate. Our data also show that pre-treatment with these extracts significantly inhibits inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA production in this cell line, without affecting COX-1 mRNA expression. COX-2 mRNA levels and PGE(2) levels induced by lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma were not modified upon pre-treatment with the extracts. Thus, our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of Pinus sylvestris and Plantago lanceolata extracts may reflect decreased NO production, possibly due to inhibitory effects on iNOS gene expression or to NO-scavenging activity.     

Vitamin D and its metabolites in the pollen of pine. Part 5: Steroid hormones in the pollen of pine species

Unconjugated vitamin D and its metabolites were investigated in the pollen of Pinus nigra Ar. and Pinus sylvestris L. by TLC, HPLC and competitive radiochemical determination of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3). It was found that vitamin D (D2, D3) was present in the pollen in amounts about 2 micrograms/10 g and 25-OHD3, 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25-(OH)2D3] and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] between 0.1 and 3 micrograms/10 g of pollen, dependent on pollen species and methods.     

In vitroand in vivo pharmacological investigations of Pinus roxburghii for prevention of oxidative,inflammatory responses against osteoporosis

OBJECTIVE To evaluate antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,antimicrobial activities of Pinus Roxburghii stem bark in vitro and evaluation of in vivo anti-osteoporotic activity in female rats.METHODS The antioxidant activity of plant extract was assessed using DPPH,nitric oxide and H2O2 radical scavenging methods.In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using albumin denaturation,membrane stabilization methods at various concentrations.The antibacterial and anti-fungal activity of extracts was also done against micro-organisms:Pseudomonas aurignosa,Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans.Quantitative analysis of total phenolics,flavonoids and tannins were also estimated.Female Wistar albino rats(220-260g)were employed and ovaries were surgically removed bilaterally in anaesthesia which causes post-menopausal syndrome in all the groups except sham operated rats.Extracts of Pinus roxburghii stem at 100 and 200mg·kg-1,po.and tamoxifen as standard 1mg·kg-1,po.were given.Acute toxicity study was also done.RESULTS Treatment with Pinus roxburghii extract in two doses significantly(P<0.05)ameliorated surgical ovariectomy induced biochemical and biomechanical changes like decrease in bone density,bone strength,alkaline phosphatase,serum calcium,serum phosphorous and increase in urine hydroxylproline levels.Plant extract also has significant(P<0.05)antioxidant,antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities.CONCLUSION The assessments done in present investigation may conclude that the constituents of Pinus roxburghii has significant potential in ameliorating oxidative,inflammatory reactions and possesses anti-microbial;osteobalstic and osteoclastic activities used for calcium homeostatis and improved bone strength in female rats.     

油松松针中黄酮类成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究油松松针中的黄酮类成分,为松属植物的化学分类学研究提供科学依据。方法采用反复硅胶、聚酰胺、ODS、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和1H-NMR、13C-NMR、质谱等技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从油松松针中分离得到4个化合物,分别鉴定为山柰酚-3-O-(3″-O-反式-对-肉桂酰基)-(6″-O-反式-阿魏酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[kaempferol 3-O-(3″-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-(6″-O-E-feruloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,1]、山柰酚-3-O-(3″,6″-二-反式-对-肉桂酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[kaempferol3-O-(3″,6″-di-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,2]、山柰酚-3-O-(3″-反式-对-肉桂酰基)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[kaempferol3-O-(3″-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,3]、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[isorhamnetin3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,4]。结论化合物1、3为首次从松属植物中分离得到,化合物2、4为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

红松松针中黄酮类成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究红松松针中的黄酮类成分,为松属植物的化学分类学研究提供依据。方法采用反复硅胶、聚酰胺、ODS、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和1H-NMR、13C-NMR等技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从红松松针中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为蛇葡萄素4′-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[ampelopsin 4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,1]、槲皮素3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷[quercetin3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside,2]、山柰酚3-O-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷[kaempferol3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside,3]、山柰酚3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[kaempferol3-O-β-D-glu-copyranoside,4]、5,7,8,4′-四羟基-3-甲氧基-6-甲基黄酮8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷[5,7,8,4′-tetra-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methylfavone8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,5]、山柰酚3-O-(5″-O-反式-阿魏酰基)-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷[kaempferol3-O-(5″-O-E-feruloyl)-α-L-arabinofuranoside,6]、山柰酚3-O-(5″-O-反式-对-香豆酰基)-α-L-呋喃阿拉伯糖苷[kaempferol3-O-(5″-O-E-p-coumaroyl)-α-L-arabi-nofuranoside,7]。结论化合物1-3为首次从松属植物中分离得到,4-7为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

A cytotoxic secocycloartenoid fromAbies koreana

Two triterpenoids, 24-methylene-3,4-seco-cycloart-4(28)-en-3-oic acid (1) and 3-oxo-9beta-lanosta-7,22Z,24-trien-26,23-olide (6) were isolated from Abies koreana, together with beta-sitosterol (2), maltol (3), beta-sitosterol-O-beta-D-glucoside (4), and hexacosylferulate (5). The structures of the compounds were established based on the spectroscopic data. The cytotoxic activities of triterpenoids have been evaluated using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) method. Compound 1 showed moderate cytotoxicities against human lung carcinoma (A549), ovarian carcinoma (SK-OV-3), malignant melanoma (SK-MEL-2), and colon carcinoma (HCT-15) cell lines.     

红松松针化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究红松松针的化学成分,为松属植物的化学分类学研究提供依据。方法采用反复硅胶、聚酰胺、ODS、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和1H-NMR、13C-NMR等技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果从红松松针中分离得到10个化合物,分别鉴定为epirhododendrin(1)、(+)-rhododendrol(2)、覆盆子酮(frambinone,3)、massonianoside E(4)、松脂醇(pinoresinol,5)、罗汉松脂醇(matairesinol,6)、bornylp-coumarate(7)、salicifoliol(8)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,9)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,10)。结论化合物1和8为首次从松属植物中分离得到,2~7为首次从红松松针中分离得到。