肠道菌群代谢物在心血管疾病中的作用

肠道菌群在人体疾病的发生发展中具有重要作用。肠道菌群代谢宿主摄入饮食形成的代谢产物,穿透肠上皮屏障或以其他方式进入体循环,进而激活一系列信号通路影响宿主生理过程。肠道菌群代谢物多种多样,各种代谢物如何进入体循环影响心血管系统及其在心血管疾病中发挥作用的分子机制,目前已有大量研究报道。本文就几种常见肠道菌群代谢物在高血压、动脉粥样硬化及心力衰竭等心血管疾病中的作用和分子机制进行综述,为心血管疾病的治疗提供新的方向。     

肠道菌群与心血管疾病

肠道菌群是一个数量庞大种类繁多的复杂生态系统,参与调节物质和能量代谢、机体免疫、组织器官发育等重要的生理过程,其结构和功能的稳态失调参与高血压、动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、心肌梗死、心力衰竭以及心律失常等心血管疾病的发生发展。本文旨在阐明肠道菌群及相关代谢产物与心血管疾病研究的新进展,为心血管疾病的防治提供新的思路,为未来开展肠道菌群与心血管疾病的研究指明发展方向。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病对肠道菌群多样性影响的初步研究

目的通过高脂饮食建立非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)大鼠模型,观察NAFLD对肠道菌群多样性及群落组成的影响。方法建立NAFLD大鼠模型,通过大鼠肝脏病理切片HE染色验证NAFLD模型的成立,利用16sRNA测序技术对粪便肠道微生物进行检测分析,探讨NAFLD对肠道菌群多样性及群落组成的影响。结果肝脏组织学检查显示NAFLD组大鼠肝脏脂肪变明显,提示NAFLD动物模型建立成功。对照组Shannon多样性指数显著高于NAFLD组(P0.05)。提示对照组的肠道微生物多样性显著丰富于NAFLD组。在门水平的变化情况提示,与对照组相比,NAFLD组中厚壁菌门和变形菌门的相对丰度较高(均P0.05),而拟杆菌门的相对丰度则较低(P0.05)。在科水平的变化情况提示,正常对照组以毛螺菌科、瘤胃球菌科、拟杆菌科_S24-7为优势菌科,而NAFLD组则以毛螺菌科、瘤胃球菌科为优势菌科。与对照组相比,NAFLD组中的毛螺菌科、拟杆菌科、脱硫弧菌科、氨基酸球菌科、Christensenellaceae菌科等相对含量较高(均P0.05),而拟杆菌科_S24-7、普雷沃氏菌科、乳杆菌科等相对含量较低(均P0.05)。结论 NAFLD可降低肠道菌群的多样性,并且显著改变肠道菌群的组成和含量。     

肠道菌群改变对非酒精性脂肪性肝病的影响

目的研究非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者的肠道菌群变化,以及微生态制剂对其影响。方法60例N A FLD患者,以60例健康体检者作对照,采集粪便标本,测定肠道菌群。N A FLD患者给予枯草杆菌二联活菌肠溶胶囊口服（500 mg/次,3次/d）,疗程3个月,观察治疗前后肝功能（ALT、AST、GGT ）及血脂（TC、TG）水平的变化,肝脏脂肪定量及粪便中肠道菌群变化。结果 NAFLD组治疗前肠道葡萄球菌较健康对照组显著增多,双歧杆菌、乳杆菌、肠球菌数量明显降低（P＜0．05）;NAFLD患者治疗后与治疗前相比,肝功能（ALT、AST ）、血脂（TC）水平明显下降、肝脏脂肪定量明显减少,肠球菌、双歧杆菌及乳杆菌数量明显上升,葡萄球菌数量明显下降（P＜0．05）。结论 NAFLD患者存在肠道菌群改变,微生态制剂在N A FLD治疗中有重要的临床意义。     

肠道菌群与心血管疾病的研究进展

<正>肠道菌群被喻为人体的"微生物器官",参与、辅助宿主能量代谢,调节先天与获得性免疫,构成人体肠道的生物学屏障〔1〕。研究显示,肠道菌群结构紊乱不仅与消化系统、内分泌系统、肿瘤等疾病相关,而且与心血管疾病的发生相关。肠道菌群可能通过参与调解宿主胆固醇代谢、氧化应激和炎症导致动脉粥样硬化发生,从而促进心血管疾病的发生、发展。1肠道菌群概述人体携带细菌数量1014,基因数量300万个,是人类自身基因的100倍,总重量1.275 kg,其中1.0 kg细菌寄居在胃肠     

肠道菌群在心血管疾病中的作用

肠道菌群在心血管疾病(CVD)发生发展中的重要作用已被证实。但是,肠道菌群诱导的程序性细胞死亡在CVD中的作用阐述较少。本文就肠道菌群与CVD的关系及肠道菌群诱导的程序性细胞死亡的作用作一综述。     

肠道菌群和心血管疾病的免疫调节

心血管疾病是人类健康的第一杀手,发病率和死亡率逐年增加。数万亿微生物寄居于人类肠道,在心血管疾病及其相关的代谢、免疫反应中发挥着至关重要的作用。先天性和适应性免疫机制都参与了心血管疾病的发生发展,菌群组分和代谢产物可调节巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞等免疫细胞的分化及功能,并通过循环系统影响机体免疫稳态。本文将通过肠道菌群及其代谢产物与免疫系统的相互作用,讨论肠道菌群与心血管疾病发展之间潜在的免疫机制,为预防和治疗心血管疾病提供新思路。     

心肠对话:肠道菌群在心血管疾病中的作用

心血管疾病(CVD)是对人类健康构成极大威胁的一类疾病,其发生、发展往往受遗传与环境的多种因素影响。肠道菌群是人体内数目最大的菌群库,影响宿主的生理代谢,近年来肠道菌群与宿主间的相互作用逐渐受到重视。肠道微生物群在人类健康和疾病中发挥着重要作用,许多研究证实了肠道菌群及其代谢产物可从血脂异常、2型糖尿病、高血压、动脉粥样硬化、心力衰竭等多个方面影响CVD。因此,以肠道菌群作为CVD治疗靶点的方案值得探索。本文将对肠道菌群在CVD发病机制中的作用及通过调节肠道菌群治疗CVD的方法进行系统综述。     

肠道菌群与非酒精性脂肪性肝病

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是一种常见慢性肝病,发病率呈逐年升高趋势,已逐渐引起人们的重视。1998年马歇尔正式提出了“肠-肝轴”的概念,肠道内环境与肝脏关系密切,越来越多的证据表明肠道菌群失调在NAFLD发病机制中起到了重要的作用。本文介绍了肠道菌群与NAFLD发病机制的关系。     

肠道菌群代谢物与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

心血管疾病作为威胁人类健康的主要疾病越来越引起关注。虽然心血管疾病的治疗体系已经初步完备,但控制相关危险因素后依然存在残余风险,死亡率高。肠道菌群是人体生理和代谢稳态的重要组成部分,特别是其代谢物水平可能与某些疾病联系密切。肠道菌群代谢物可作为心血管疾病预防及治疗的一个全新突破口。本综述旨在探讨肠道菌群代谢物与常见心血管疾病如冠心病、心力衰竭、高血压、心律失常的关系,以期对心血管疾病的预防和治疗提供新的思路。     

The role of the gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Important metabolic functions have been identified for the gut microbiota in health and disease. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for the gut microbiota in both the etiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and progression to its more advanced state, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Both NAFLD and NASH are strongly linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome and, accordingly, have become common worldwide problems. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth of Gram-negative organisms could promote insulin resistance, increase endogenous ethanol production and induce choline deficiency, all factors implicated in NAFLD. Among the potential mediators of this association, lipopolysaccharide (a component of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls) exerts relevant metabolic and proinflammatory effects. Although the best evidence to support a role for the gut microbiota in NAFLD and NASH comes largely from animal models, data from studies in humans (albeit at times contradictory) is accumulating and could lead to new therapeutic avenues for these highly prevalent conditions.     

肠道微生物在非酒精性脂肪肝发生发展中的作用机制

非酒精性脂肪肝是代谢综合征的肝脏表现,可发展为肝硬化和肝癌。非酒精性脂肪肝的病因尚未明确,近年来宿主肠道微生物在非酒精性脂肪肝的发生、发展及治疗中的作用越来越受到重视。目前认为人类肠道是一个内在重要的代谢及免疫器官,肠道微生物的组成可影响宿主代谢,改变肠道通透性,引起炎症及一系列免疫反应。本文就肠道微生物在非酒精性脂肪肝的病理生理过程中的作用机制进行综述。     

饮食对非酒精性脂肪性肝病肠道微生物菌型相关菌群的影响

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是一种典型的慢性肝病,与肠道微生态的失调密切相关。饮食因素可能是影响肠道细菌组成和功能的最重要的驱动因素。基于肠道微生物菌型的概念,总结了饮食对NAFLD肠道微生物菌型相关菌群的影响,包含厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门的比值、拟杆菌属、普雷沃菌属、瘤胃球菌属、变形菌门、放线菌门及其他菌。指出改善饮食进而调节肠道菌群是防治NAFLD的重要策略之一,具有良好的前景,但尚需进一步的机制和临床研究。     

Role of gut microbiota and Toll-like receptors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Emerging data have shown a close association between compositional changes in gut microbiota and the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The change in gut microbiota may alter nutritional absorption and storage. In addition, gut microbiota are a source of Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands, and their compositional change can also increase the amount of TLR ligands delivered to the liver. TLR ligands can stimulate liver cells to produce proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, the gut-liver axis has attracted much interest, particularly regarding the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The abundance of the major gut microbiota, including Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, has been considered a potential underlying mechanism of obesity and NAFLD, but the role of these microbiota in NAFLD remains unknown. Several reports have demonstrated that certain gut microbiota are associated with the development of obesity and NAFLD. For instance, a decrease in Akkermansia muciniphila causes a thinner intestinal mucus layer and promotes gut permeability, which allows the leakage of bacterial components. Interventions to increase Akkermansia muciniphila improve the metabolic parameters in obesity and NAFLD. In children, the levels of Escherichia were significantly increased in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) compared with those in obese control. Escherichia can produce ethanol, which promotes gut permeability. Thus, normalization of gut microbiota using probiotics or prebiotics is a promising treatment option for NAFLD. In addition, TLR signaling in the liver is activated, and its downstream molecules, such as proinflammatory cytokines, are increased in NAFLD. To data, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 have been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Therefore, gut microbiota and TLRs are targets for NAFLD treatment.     

饮食干预对非酒精性脂肪性肝病肠道菌群的影响

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的发生与遗传和环境密切相关,肠道菌群在其发生和发展中发挥了重要作用,调节肠道菌群已成为干预NAFLD的重要靶点之一.无论是饮食总量还是结构都会对肠道菌群产生直接且长期的影响.通过低脂饮食、增加饮食中不饱和脂肪酸或者增加难以吸收的多糖等方式调整饮食结构,可以有效调节肠道菌群并治疗NAFLD,但高蛋白饮食的作用还存在争议.     

Gut microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Recent evidence has linked obesity and the metabolic syndrome with gut dysbiota. The precise mechanisms underlying that association are not entirely understood; however, microbiota can enhance the extraction of energy from diet and regulate whole-body metabolism towards increased fatty acids uptake from adipose tissue and shift lipids metabolism from oxidation to de novo production. Obesity and high fat diet relate to a specific gut microbiota, which is enriched in Firmicutes and with less Bacterioidetes. Microbiota can also play a role in the development of hepatic steatosis, necroinflammation and fibrosis. In fact, some studies have shown an association between small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, increased intestinal permeability and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). That association is, in part, due to increased endotoxinaemia and activation of the Toll-like receptor-4 signaling cascade. Preliminary data on probiotics suggest a potential role in NASH treatment, however randomized controlled clinical trials are still lacking.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与结直肠癌

非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是肥胖和代谢综合征（MS）累及肝脏的表现,近来愈来愈多的研究显示NAFLD与结直肠癌（CRC）发生密切相关,伴随的胰岛素抵抗和系统性低度炎症反应可能参与了结直肠腺瘤和CRC的发病,但是NAFLD对于CRC风险增加的具体机制尚未完全明确。本文主要综述了NAFLD与结直肠腺瘤和CRC发生的相互关系及其可能的机制。     

Role of gut microbial metabolites in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common, multifactorial liver disease that has emerged as a global challenge due to its increasing prevalence and lack of sustainable treatment options. Gut microbiota possess vital functions in fermenting dietary nutrients and synthesizing bioactive molecules. This function is of great importance in maintaining health because these microbial metabolites are essential in regulating energy metabolism, immune response, and other vital physiological processes. Altered gut flora can result in a change in gut microbial metabolites, affecting the onset and progression of multiple diseases. In this review we summarize the metabolites that may have beneficial or harmful effects on the development and progression of NAFLD. This will help us better understand the possible mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD and facilitate the identification of potential therapeutic approaches for NAFLD.     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病与心血管疾病相关性研究进展与现状

随着非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,NAFLD)的深入研究,近几年来发现与心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)密切相关.现已证明,NAFLD是CVD发生的重要危险因素,也是年青人动脉硬化、冠心病、高血压发病的重要机制.本文就NAFLD对动脉粥样硬化和CVD的影响、发病机制进行综述,以提高肝病和CVD医师的认识水平,为做好防治提供资源.