Pars plana vitrectomy in chronic uveitis

Statistical analysis of 54 eyes with chronical endogenous uveitis, mostly juvenile, treated with simple or combined pars plana vitrectomy. Most striking is the high frequency of localized or combined cyclitis with good functional results, although complications of the disease (retinal detachment, vasculitis, PVR, macular damage) are extremely frequent in cyclitis, and this group also includes, three cases of postoperative phthisis. The best argument in favor of an chronic uveitis is the fact that an overwhelming majority of the patients were able to switch from rigorous systemic preoperative medication to simple eye drops or no treatment at all.     

Pars plana vitrectomy in uveitis]

A vitrectomy was performed in 30 eyes suffering from different forms of uveitis. An improvement of visual acuity was obtained in 29 cases and was explained by removal of vitreous haze and/or of the cataract, but not by the improvement of the inflammatory process.     

Pars plana vitrectomy in chronic uveitis

Sixty-eight patients (74 eyes) with chronic endogenous uveitis underwent pars plana vitrectomy. An increase in visual acuity was observed in 70% postoperatively. Visual results basically depended on the extent of previous damage to the macula. A lensectomy-vitrectomy was done in 23 eyes, while 51 eyes underwent merely a pars plana vitrectomy. The frequency and severity of uveitic relapses were diminished in virtually all cases.     

Pars plana vitrectomy as anti-inflammatory therapy for intermediate uveitis in children

PurposeIntermediate uveitis represents between 2 and 26% of uveitis in children. The spectrum of the disease is highly variable, ranging between mild cases that resolve spontaneously and chronic, severe forms that develop multiple episodes and complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy to control inflammation in children with recurrent intermediate uveitis.MethodsRetrospective evaluation of patients with at least six months of follow-up. All patients under 16 who had undergone vitrectomy for intermediate uveitis were included. Vitrectomy was performed after at least two episodes of intermediate uveitis in children that had had no previous prophylactic systemic immunosuppressant treatment. Data recorded were visual acuity (VA), recurrences and surgical complications.ResultsSeven eyes of five children with intermediate uveitis who underwent vitrectomy were included. After a mean follow-up of 34 months, VA improved in all eyes after surgery. Four eyes developed mild subcapsular posterior cataracts. Post-surgical recurrences were anterior and responded to topical treatment, except for an episode of intermediate uveitis that required a periocular injection of triamcinolone. Only one patient is being treated with systemic immunosuppressants, due to the presence of repeated episodes of uveitis in the non-vitrectomised eye and since his parents were unwilling to have him undergo new surgery.ConclusionsVitrectomy with inferior cryotheraphy controls inflammation in intermediate uveitis in children with good mid-term results avoiding the secondary side-effects of systemic immunosuppressants.     

Pars plana vitrectomy in chronic uveitis in the child

In five children aged between 8 and 14, suffering from chronic recurrent uveitis of undetermined etiology, pars plana vitrectomy was performed in order to halt progression of the disease. Postoperatively there was a clear improvement in vision in all five patients, and in the follow-up period of 5 to 26 months there were no further recurrences of uveitis in the eyes which had been treated. These observations support the assumption that vitrectomy has a favorable effect not only in adults but also in children with therapy-resistant uveitis.     

玻璃体切割手术治疗葡萄膜炎并发牵拉性视网膜脱离

目的探讨玻璃体切割手术治疗葡萄膜炎并发牵拉性视网膜脱离(TRD)的视力预后、手术时机及其围手术期治疗方法。方法回顾分析我科葡萄膜炎专科门诊确诊为全葡萄膜炎并发TRD的13例患者15只玻璃体切割手术治疗眼的临床资料。患者男性6例，女性7例。年龄19.0～70.0岁，平均年龄42.8岁。葡萄膜炎病史3～15年，平均病史7年。15只眼中，视力为眼前数指者7只眼，0.01~0.1者7只眼，0.2者1只眼。均有玻璃体混浊，间接检眼镜和B型超声检查均存在增生性玻璃体视网膜病变和TRD。13例患者均口服泼尼松，其中3例同时口服硫唑嘌呤。眼部滴用1%百力特、1%阿托品和复方托品酰胺眼液。15只眼葡萄膜炎炎症控制静止时间0.5~4.5个月，平均时间2.0个月。炎症静止后采用经睫状体平坦部的玻璃体切割、剥膜、眼内激光光凝、惰性气体（C₃F₈）或硅油填充等联合手术，其中7只眼同时行晶状体切除手术。手术前给予患者顿服糖皮质激素，手术后全身、眼部继续应用糖皮质激素治疗，3例同时口服硫唑嘌呤。手术后随诊3～146个月，平均随访时间26个月。结果手术后15只眼均无葡萄膜炎复发，眼前节无炎症反应，玻璃体炎症消失。13只眼视网膜复位良好，视力提高，占86.7％。其中，2只眼视力提高显著，分别由0.2提高至0.8，0.03提高至0.6。1只眼视力无改变，占6.7％；1只眼视力由手动下降至光感，占6.7％。随诊中，4只眼出现并发性白内障，均行白内障摘除人工晶状体植入手术。手术后视力均有明显提高。1只眼虹膜出现新生血管而发生前房积血。另外1只眼视网膜表面再次出现机化膜及局限性TRD。结论采用玻璃体切割手术治疗葡萄膜炎并发TRD可以获得较满意疗效。手术适应证及手术时机选择是保证手术成功的关键，围手术期全身及眼部合理应用糖皮质激素是保证手术成功的重要措施。（中华眼底病杂志，2007，23：108-111）     

Pars plana vitrectomy for cystoid macular edema secondary to sarcoid uveitis

OBJECTIVE: To examine the results of pars plana vitrectomy for cystoid macular edema secondary to sarcoid uveitis resistant to medical treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional, noncomparative case series. SUBJECTS: Fourteen consecutive subjects (18 eyes) with cystoid macular edema associated with sarcoid uveitis resistant to medical treatment. INTERVENTION: All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Nine eyes also underwent peeling of the epiretinal membrane or removal of the posterior vitreous cortex. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Status of macular edema, visual acuity, and complications. RESULTS: Ten eyes (56%) improved 2 or more lines of Snellen visual acuity within 12 months. Six eyes (33%) remained unchanged, within a line of preoperative Snellen visual acuity, and two eyes (11%) worsened by 2 or more lines of Snellen visual acuity. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy showed that cystoid macular edema had resolved in 14 eyes (78%) within 9 months postoperatively. One eye (6%) had minimal edema, whereas three eyes (17%) remained unchanged biomicroscopically at the final visit. Postoperative complications included cataract formation, glaucoma, optic nerve atrophy, epiretinal membrane formation, and tractional retinal detachment. No severe postoperative inflammation was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana vitrectomy seems to have a beneficial effect on cystoid macular edema caused by sarcoidosis resistant to medical treatment.     

伴有角膜浑浊玻璃体视网膜手术临床探讨

目的探讨眼外伤角膜浑浊状态下玻璃体视网膜手术的手术时机、方法及技巧。方法对65例（67眼）眼外伤角膜浑浊（≥2／5面积）术中采用刮除角膜上皮、应用棱镜式接触镜、转动眼位及头位、巩膜外顶压及临时人工角膜等不同的手术方法和技巧,完成玻璃体视网膜手术。结果本组67眼全部顺利完成手术中各项操作,其中9眼眼内异物均在直视下摘出。术后有13眼（19．40％）视网膜脱离,其中6眼再次手术成功,7眼放弃手术。随访6～12个月,最终视力≥眼前数指者39眼（58．21％）,眼球萎缩9眼（13．43％）。同时行穿透性角膜移植3眼,2眼植片透明,1眼植片浑浊。结论眼外伤角膜浑浊状态下,应尽量采取相应措施完成玻璃体视网膜手术,以挽救视功能或保留眼球。     

Pars plana vitrectomy in cystoid macular edema of different forms of chronic uveitis

BACKGROUND: Cystoid macular edema (CME) is a common complication in different forms of chronic uveitis. In spite of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory therapy, chronic or relapsing courses can occur which may have a negative impact on visual prognosis. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is known to positively influence chronic uveitis.This retrospective study was performed to investigate the role of PPV in the therapy refractive uveitic CME. PATIENTS AND METHODS: PPV for CME was performed in eyes with CME in intermediate uveitis (IMU, n=42), chronic iridocyclitis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (CIC, n=14) and multifocal chorioretinitis (MFC, n=12).In none of the eyes had immunosuppressive and/or anti-inflammatory therapy or anti-edema treatment (e.g.acetazolamide) led to regression of the CME.After a postoperative follow-up period of 7 and 106 months all patients were re-examined. RESULTS: Postoperative complete or partial regression of CME was observed as follows: IMU: 25/42 (59.5%), CIC: 8/14 (57.1%),MFC: 5/12 (41.7%). A significant increase in visual acuity of 2 lines and more was observed in 50%,71.4% and 41.7% of eyes, respectively. In the long-term follow-up best functional results were achieved in eyes with IMU. CONCLUSIONS: Response to PPV was variable according to the type of underlying form of uveitis.The lowest success rate could be observed in eyes with MFC. Although the postoperative regression rate of CME was satisfactory in eyes with CIC, long-term visual acuity results were disappointing due to secondary complications of CIC in this young age group.Best results were achieved in patients with IMU (statistically not significant). A multicenter study in a larger series of patients is needed to investigate the exact role of PPV in different forms of chronic uveitis.     

Pars plana vitrectomy combined with penetrating keratoplasty

Pars plana vitrectomy combined with keratoplasty using a temporary keratoprosthesis is a surgical procedure used in patients with vitreoretinal disorders complicated by severe corneal opacification. Temporary keratoprostheses include the Landers type and Eckardt type. Use of the Eckardt temporary keratoprosthesis is superior because of a wider optical diameter and easier visualization of the peripheral fundus. However, one problem with this procedure is that many patients develop postoperative rejection and loss of transparency of the corneal graft. To maintain good transparency of the corneal graft after surgery, vitrectomy must be minimally invasive and postoperative anti-inflammation must be ensured.     

Pars plana vitrectomy combined with penetrating keratoplasty

Pars plana vitrectomy combined with keratoplasty using a temporary keratoprosthesis is a surgical procedure used in patients with vitreoretinal disorders complicated by severe corneal opacification. Temporary keratoprostheses include the Landers type and Eckardt type. Use of the Eckardt temporary keratoprosthesis is superior because of a wider optical diameter and easier visualization of the peripheral fundus. However, one problem with this procedure is that many patients develop postoperative rejection and loss of transparency of the corneal graft. To maintain good transparency of the corneal graft after surgery, vitrectomy must be minimally invasive and postoperative anti-inflammation must be ensured.     

Pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with malignant melanoma

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - Three patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage secondary to an intraocular malignant melanoma. In all...     

Pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous amyloidosis

Thirty-six pars plana vitrectomies were performed on 30 eyes of 17 patients with biopsy-proven vitreous amyloidosis. Reopacification of the retrolental vitreous was the most common reason for vitrectomy revision, required in 24% of patients. Complications of amyloid or vitrectomy included retinal detachment requiring scleral buckling in 17% of eyes and glaucoma requiring filtering surgery in 17% of eyes. After a mean 35-month post-vitrectomy follow-up, 48% of eyes had visual acuities of 20/40 or better, and 32% of eyes had visual acuities between 20/50 and 20/100. Twenty percent of eyes had visual acuities of 20/200 or worse due either to persistent retinal detachment, open angle glaucoma, or residual opacification of the vitreous.     

Pars plana vitrectomy in aphakic retinal detachments

Thirty-three cases of aphakic retinal detachment have been treated by pars plana vitrectomy and retinopexy. This procedure allowed us to lower the incidence of postoperative massive periretinal proliferation from 15,4%, in a series that was performed by a classical method, to 6% in the pars plana treated group.Presented at the XIIIth Meeting of the Jules Gonin Club, Córdoba, 29 March–2 April 1982.     

Pars plana vitrectomy in diabetic macular edema

Purpose: To ascertain the association between the improvement of diabetic macular edema and increased visual acuity after pars plana vitrectomy. Methods: From January 1994 to December 1996 we prospectively studied 18 patients (18 eyes, 7 women and 11 men, mean age 52 years, range 37–68) with type II diabetes and clinically significant macular edema. One group was composed of 9 patients presenting diffuse macular edema (DME); a second group with 9 patients presented cystoid macular edema (CME). All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy. Results: Preoperative Snellen visual acuity was 20/143 in DME and 20/441 in CME. In both groups vision increased to 20/136 and 20/205, respectively, postoperatively. For the DME this difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) at 1 month after the surgery, but vision decreased again after 10 months reaching preoperative values. Conclusions: Our results suggest that pars plana vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema may increase visual acuity in diffuse macular edema, although this increase is only short lived. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.