Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Sida cordifolia.

Abstract

Sida cordifolia. Linn. (Malvaceae) is commonly known as bala. and widely used in Ayurveda. The comparative antioxidant potential of ethanol extracts of Sida cordifolia. leaf, stem, root, and whole plant was studied. Anti–lipid peroxidation, free-radical scavenging, reducing power, nitric oxide scavenging, superoxide scavenging antioxidant assay, and further estimation of total phenolic content and HPTLC studies were carried out. Various antioxidant activities were compared with standard antioxidants such as BHA, α-tocopherol, and ascorbic acid. Ethanol extracts were found to be a good scavenger of DPPH radical in the order roots > stem > leaves > whole plant with values 76.62%, 63.87%, 58% and 29% at a dose of 1 mg, respectively. All extracts of Sida cordifolia. (SC) have effective reducing power and free-radical scavenging activity. Only the root extract exhibited superoxide-scavenging activity and inhibited lipid peroxidation in rat liver homogenate. All these antioxidant properties were concentration dependent. In addition, total phenolics content of all the extracts of S. cordifolia. were determined as gallic acid equivalents. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in the root extract. The results obtained in the current study indicate that S. cordifolia. is a potential source of natural antioxidants.     

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Terminalia chebula

Free radicals react with biological molecules and destroy the structure of cells, which eventually causes free-radical induced disease such as cancer, renal failure, aging, etc. In this study, 6 extracts and 4 pure compounds of Terminalia chebula RETZ. were investigated for anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-superoxide radical formation and free radical scavenging activities. The superoxide radical scavenging of the 4 pure compounds was further evaluated using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. The results showed that all tested extracts and pure compounds of T. chebula exhibited antioxidant activity at different magnitudes of potency. The antioxidant activity of each pure compound was derived from different pathways and was suggested to be specific.     

Radical Scavenging Activity of Methanol Leaf Extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus.

Abstract

The antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus. Benth (Lamiaceae), cultivated in different regions of Malaysia, was determined by measuring the scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and on superoxide anion. The results showed a variation in free-radical and superoxide-anion scavenging activities of the methanol extracts ranging from 62.82 to 92.34% and 53.29 to 75.88%, respectively. Methanol extract was active, and its antioxidative potency was comparable to that of pure quercetin and higher than that of the widely used synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxylanisole (BHA). The UV and HPLC chromatographic fingerprints of the major phenolics were qualitatively similar for all the methanol leaf extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus. from various locations.     

In Vitro. and In Vivo. Evaluation of Free-Radical Scavenging Potential of Cissus quadrangularis.

Abstract

The current study was performed to evaluate the effect of the methanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis. (L.) (CQE) against free-radical damage. The test extract exhibited significant scavenging effect on DPPH free radical, superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical production, and inhibition of lipid peroxide production in erythrocytes. The free-radical scavenging effect of CQE was comparable with that of reference antioxidants. The activities of liver marker enzymes and antioxidant defense enzymes in rat liver homogenate were assessed in CCl₄- and CQE-treated animals. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) caused a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDL) levels and a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S.-transferase (GST), and reduced glutathione (GSH) activities, which were reverted by CQE treatment. The results obtained suggest that CQE showed antilipid peroxidative, free-radical scavenging property and ameliorated the liver damage by an increase in antioxidant enzymes activities. It can be concluded that the free-radical scavenging/antioxidant activity of the plant extract may be responsible for the therapeutic action against tissue damage.     

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Helichrysum italicum

The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the aerial part of Helichrysum italicum extracts have been established in various in-vivo and in-vitro experimental models. The results obtained on the acute oedemas induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and ethyl phenylpropiolate in the mouse ear, by serotonin and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the mouse paw, on chronic inflammation induced by repeated application of TPA in the mouse ear and on the delayed-type hypersensitivity induced by sheep red blood cells suggest that said anti-inflammatory activity is due to the effects of compounds expressed via a corticoid-like mechanism. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the extracts seems to be implicated in this anti-inflammatory activity, as the former inhibits enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation and has free-radical scavenger properties. We conclude that the anti-inflammatory activity of Helichrysum italicum can be explained by multiple effects, including inflammatory enzyme inhibition, free-radical scavenging activity and corticoid-like effects.     

Antioxidant activity of selected plant species; potential new sources of natural antioxidants

The aim of this study was to examine six plants from Serbia for their potential antioxidant activity. Therefore, six antioxidant activity assays were carried out, including: total antioxidant capacity, DPPH free-radical scavenging, the inhibitory activity toward lipid peroxidation, Fe³⁺- reducing power, Fe²⁺- chelating ability and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined for each alcoholic extract. Cotinus coggygria extract contained the highest amount of total phenols (413 mg GAE /g dry extract), while the highest proportion of flavonoids was found in the Echium vulgare methanol extract (105 mg RU/g). Cotinus coggygria and Halacsya sendtneri alcoholic extracts showed the highest total antioxidant capacity (313 and 231 mg AA/g dry extract), as well as DPPH free-radical scavenging (IC₅₀ = 9 and 99 μg/ml), inhibitory activity toward lipid peroxidation (IC₅₀ = 3 and 17 μg/ml) and reducing power. Whereas, the greatest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, as well as ferrous ion chelating ability showed Echium vulgare, Echium rubrum and Halacsya sendtneri.     

In vitro evaluation on the antioxidant capacity of triethylchebulate, an aglycone from Terminalia chebula Retz fruit

Objectives:

To evaluate the antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of triethylchebulate (TCL), an aglycone isolated from the fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz.

Materials and Methods:

Microsomes, mitochondria and red blood cells (RBCs) were isolated from rat liver. The antioxidant capacities were evaluated by determining the inhibitory effects of TCL on lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced RBCs hemolysis and RBCs autoxidative hemolysis. The free-radical scavenging activities were evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and 2´,7´-dichlorodihydrofluorescin diacetate (DCFH₂-DA) assay.

Result:

TCL significantly inhibited FeSO₄/Cys-induced microsomes lipid peroxidation and protected both H₂O_2--induced RBCs hemolysis and RBCs auto-hemolysis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, TCL demonstrated potent DPPH free-radical scavenging ability with IC₅₀ at 2.4×10^-5 M. In addition, TCL also moderately suppressed azide-induced mitochondria ROS formation.

Conclusion:

These results demonstrated that TCL was a strong antioxidant and free-radical scavenger, which might contribute to the anti-oxidative ability of Terminalia chebula Retz.     

In vitro antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of the inflorescences, leaves and fruits of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz

The antioxidant potential of 70% methanolic extracts from the inflorescences, leaves and fruits of Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz was evaluated using three in vitro test systems: the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) and the ABTS [2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] free radical scavenging assays, and the AAPH [2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride]-induced [corrected] linoleic acid (LA) peroxidation test. The results were compared with the activity of the extracts obtained from the model antioxidant Sorbus species (Sorbus aucuparia L.), and also with the activity of phenolic standards such as quercetin, Trolox [(+/-)-6-hydroxy-2,2,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid], BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and TBHQ (tert-butylhydroquinone). The radical scavenging capacities of the S. torminalis extracts towards the DPPH radical were in the range of 62.0-244.1 micromolar Trolox equivalents/g d.w. of plant material. They were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with the results of the ABTS test (r = 0.8535), and with the chain-breaking activities determined in the LA-peroxidation test (r = 0.9831). In comparison with the synthetic standards, the free radical scavenging capacity of the Sorbus extracts was remarkably higher than their chain-breaking activity. Both kinds of antioxidant effects of the extracts were significantly (R2 > 0.8097, p < 0.05) influenced by the total phenolic content (TPC) as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The plant tissues derived from S. torminalis exhibited lower antioxidant potentials than those of S. aucuparia by a factor of 1.5-3.2, partially due to the lower TPC levels (multiplicity factors of 1.2-1.9). After the original antioxidant capacities of the extracts were recalculated according to the TPC levels, the resulting antioxidant capacities of the phenolic fractions in the S. torminalis extracts were lower than those from S. aucuparia by a factor of 1.1-1.6, suggesting that the distinctive chemistry of the phenolic constituents also influences the antioxidant power of the two species.     

Antioxidant activities and free radical scavenging potential of Bauhinia microstachya (RADDI) MACBR. (Caesalpinaceae) extracts linked to their polyphenol content

Aqueous and hydro-ethanolic extracts of Bauhinia microstachya leaves (AEBM and HEBM) were investigated for their phenolic content and phytochemical profile (by spectrophotometry and HPLC), and for their antioxidant activities and free radical scavenging potential in different in vitro systems (TRAP, TEAC, TBARS, nitric oxide, superoxide and hydroxyl radical). HEBM presented a 27.4% higher content of phenolics when compared to AEBM and a distinct phytochemical profile was observed. Our work suggests that both extracts have potent antioxidant activities and that their antioxidant capacity and efficiency vary according to the radical-generating system. In general, HEBM was more effective than AEBM in avoiding ROS-generating damage and in scavenging the various radicals formed. Nevertheless, when results were normalized to total phenolic content, a different profile of antioxidant activities and free radical scavenging potential was observed, particularly against oxidative lipid damage and superoxide radical. B. microstachya extracts may be considered an interesting source of natural antioxidants as well as other phenolic-rich plants.     

Antioxidant activity and protective effects of Trapa japonica pericarp extracts against tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage in Chang cells

In this study, the antioxidant properties of Trapa japonica pericarp extracts were evaluated through several biochemical assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), alkyl radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, ABTS radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). The antioxidant activities were compared with other natural and synthetic antioxidants. The results showed that higher radical scavenging activity and antioxidant capacity in FRAP than those of vitamin C as a positive control. T. japonica pericarp extracts have antioxidant properties through its ability to prevent tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced toxicity which enhance the cell viability, reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inhibits of oxidative damage and mitochondria dysfunction in Chang liver cells. Therefore, based on these finding, it seems reasonable to suggest that T. japonica pericarp extracts has the potential to protect liver against t-BHP-induced cell damage and should be considered as a potential functional food.     

Antioxidant and vascular protective activities of Cratoxylum formosum, Syzygium gratum and Limnophila aromatica

Phytochemicals contained in dietary plants provide a variety of health benefits and may reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aqueous extracts from three popular Thai dietary and herbal plants, Cratoxylum formosum, Syzygium gratum, and Limnophila aromatica, were investigated for the antioxidant and vascular protective activities in the in vitro and in vivo models. The free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities of plant extracts were evaluated in vitro by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, the intracellular antioxidant activity in rat peritoneal macrophages by dihydrofluorescein assay, and the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. In an animal model of oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction, male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with aqueous plant extracts (1 g/kg/d) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 300 mg/kg/d) as a control for 6 d. On day four, all animals except the normal control group, were administered with phenylhydrazine (PHZ) intraperitoneally. It was demonstrated that the plant extracts possessed high free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. PHZ induced severe hemolysis and hemodynamic disturbances and treatment with the extracts and NAC significantly improved the hemodynamic status. Vascular responsiveness to bradykinin, acetylcholine, and phenylephrine in PHZ-control rats was markedly impaired, and the plant extracts or NAC largely restored the vascular responses. Moreover, the plant extracts prevented loss of blood reduced glutathione and suppressed formation of plasma malondialdehyde, plasma NO metabolites and blood superoxide anion. It was concluded that the plant extracts possess antioxidants and have potential roles in protection of vascular dysfunction.     

Leaf extracts from Moricandia arvensis promote antiproliferation of human cancer cells,induce apoptosis,and enhance antioxidant activity

The in vitro antiproliferative, apoptotic, and antioxidant activities from leaf extracts of Moricandia arvensis, which are used in traditional cooking and medicines, were investigated. The MTT assay revealed that only TOF (total oligomer flavonoids), ethyl acetate (EA), chloroform (Chl), and petroleum ether (PE) extracts inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells. Apoptosis plays a very important role in the treatment of cancer by promoting the apoptosis of cancer cells and limiting the concurrent death of normal cells. Thus, the possible effects of M. arvensis extracts on the induction of apoptosis in human leukemic cells (K562 cells) were investigated. The electrophoretic analysis of DNA fragmentation confirms that TOF, Chl, PE, and EA extracts provoke DNA fragmentation. Using the lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay, the antioxidant capacity of M. arvensis extracts was evaluated by the ability of each extract to inhibit malondialdehyde formation. It was revealed that EA and TOF extracts are the most active in scavenging the hydroxyl radicals.     

Antimycobacterial activity and alkaloid prospection of Psychotria species (Rubiaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest

Ten Psychotria species were collected in two fragments of Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro: Psychotria pubigera (P1A and B), P. ruelliifolia (P2), P. suterela (P3), P. stachyoides (P4), P. capitata (P5), P. glaziovii (P6), P. leiocarpa (P7), P. nuda (P8), P. racemosa (P9) and P. vellosiana (P10). Ethanol extracts of these species were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity, in an attempt to find new antituberculosis agents. Psychotria pubigera (P1A), P. ruelliifolia (P2) and P. stachyoides (P4) were the most active against Mycobacterium. The anti-inflammatory potential of these extracts was also evaluated in vitro to learn if they inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophages and if they have free-radical scavenging properties, because inflammation is a severe problem caused by tuberculosis, especially when the infection is from M. bovis or M. tuberculosis. Psychotria suterela (P3), P. stachyoides (P4) and P. capitata (P5) were the most active in inhibiting macrophage NO production but they were not the most antioxidant species. This suggests that NO inhibitory activity is not due to the scavenging of NO generated but due to a specific inhibition of iNOS activity or expression. In addition, cytotoxicity was tested in the macrophages (the host cells of the Mycobacterium) and it was verified that the extracts selectively killed the bacteria and not the host cells. When analyzing antimycobacterial, cytotoxicity and NO inhibitory activities in combination, P. stachyoides (P4) was the most promising anti-TB extract tested. Further, indol alkaloids were detected in P. suterela and P. nuda, and 5,6-dihydro-β-carboline alkaloids in all of the species studied, with the highest amounts found in P. capitata and P. racemosa.     

别克参提取物抗氧化活性研究

目的：研究别克参提取物的体外抗氧化活性。方法：采用清除二苯代苦味酰基（DPPH）自由基、2,2’-氨基-（3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二氨盐（ABTS）自由基与超氧阴离子（O2^-）自由基法,对别克参不同提取物的体外抗氧化活性进行评价。结果：别克参不同提取物清除DPPH·自由基、ABTS·自由基的能力强弱顺序为：乙酸乙酯提取物〉石油醚提取物〉正丁醇提取物〉水提取物。别克参不同提取物对O2^-自由基有一定的清除能力,但不明显。结论：别克参不同提取物抗氧化活性差异可能与各部位中所含抗氧化成分的种类和结构有关。     

Anti-inflammatory and anti-periductal fibrosis effects of an anthocyanin complex in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters

The pharmacological activities of herbal extracts can be enhanced by complex formation. In this study, we manipulated cyanidin and delphinidin-rich extracts to form an anthocyanin complex (AC) with turmeric and evaluated activity against inflammation and periductal fibrosis in Opisthorchis viverrini-infected hamsters. The AC was prepared from anthocyanins extracted from cobs of purple waxy corn (70%), petals of blue butterfly pea (20%) and turmeric extract (10%), resulting in an enhanced free-radical scavenging capacity. Oral administration of AC (175 and 700 mg/kg body weight) every day for 1 month to O. viverrini-infected hamsters resulted in reduced inflammatory cells and periductal fibrosis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and partial least square discriminant analysis suggested nucleic acid changes in the O. viverrini-infected liver samples, which were partially prevented by the AC treatment. AC reduced 8-oxodG formation, an oxidative DNA damage marker, significantly decreased levels of nitrite in the plasma and alanine aminotransferase activity and increased the ferric reducing ability of plasma. AC also decreased the expression of oxidant-related genes (NF-κB and iNOS) and increased the expression of antioxidant-related genes (CAT, SOD, and GPx). Thus, AC increases free-radical scavenging capacity, decreases inflammation, suppresses oxidative/nitrative stress, and reduces liver injury and periductal fibrosis in O. viverrini-infected hamsters.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel pyrazoline derivatives as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents

A series of novel 5-aryl-3-cyclopropyl-4,5-dihydropyrazole derivatives 2a-p were synthesized via cyclization of chalcones 1a-h with thiosemicarbazide or semicarbazide HCl and evaluated as anti-inflammatory/antioxidant agents. The structures were confirmed by elemental analyses and spectral data. The free radical scavenging activity toward superoxide was determined. Their effect on hepatocytes viability and nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated macrophages was also determined. The results showed that compounds 2e and 2n demonstrated the highest free-radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities, thus can be useful in the prevention of oxidative stress and inflammation-related disorders.     

In vitro antioxidant and inhibitory potential of Terminalia bellerica and Emblica officinalis fruits against LDL oxidation and key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes

The present study evaluated the free radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant potential of different solvent extracts (Hexane (HE), ethyl acetate (EA), methanol (ME), 70% methanol (MW) and Water (WA)) of Terminalia bellerica (TB) and Emblica officinalis (EB) fruits. Methanol extract (ME) of TB and EB fruits exhibited maximum scavenging activity against DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals. Cell based antioxidant activity was assayed by flow cytometry using DCFH-DA as probe. Methanol extracts were also screened for their antidiabetic activity via inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase and antiglycation assays. Results showed that ME of TB and EB can act as potent α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitor. Significant antiglycation activity also confirms the therapeutic potential of these extracts against diabetes. Both the extracts significantly inhibited the oxidation of LDL under in vitro conditions. Liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) analysis revealed that methanol extract of TB and EB contains ellagic acid and ascorbic acid as the major compound respectively.     

The toxic activities of Arisaema erubescens and Nerium indicum mixed with Streptomycete against snails

The comparative molluscicidal activities of Arisaema erubescens tuber extracts and Nerium indicum leaf extracts mixed with Streptomycete violacerruber dilution (SD) against the snail Oncomlania hupensis and the responses of the isozymes, esterase (EST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to the A. erubescens extracts and the mixtures were investigated. The molluscicidal activity of A. erubescens water extracts mixed with S. violacerruber dilution was 4-5 times higher than a single A. erubescens or S. violacerruber dilution after 24-h exposure, and is also higher than that of N. indicum leaf water extracts mixed with S. violacerruber dilution. At the end of exposure to the N-butanol extracts of A. erubescens tubers (NEAT), the EST activity in snail liver decreased and some enzyme bands (EST 1 and EST 3 in exposure to NEAT) disappeared but the activities of SOD 1 increased. The effect was more obvious in mixture treatment than in single NEAT or SD treatment. The results indicated that molluscicidal activities of plant and microorganism could be more effective than single plant. The decline of the detoxic ability in snail liver cells could be the reason of the snail dying.     

Investigation of optimal extraction, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of Achillea biebersteinii and A. wilhelmsii

Objective: Achillea species are endowed with multiple biological activities including antioxidant properties. However, no study has yet investigated the impact of extraction method and pH on the biological activities of these plants. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of methanol extracts from the aerial parts of the species Achillea biebersteinii Afan and Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch (Asteraceae). In addition, the impact of extraction method and pH on these biological activities was evaluated. Materials and methods: Methanol extracts of A. biebersteinii and A. wilhelmsii were prepared using classical maceration and high-intensity ultrasound methods. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was performed at three different pH values: 5.7, 6.3 and 6.9. Results: Total phenolic compounds (range: 20.16-108.54 vs. 17.18-59.61 mg gallic acid equivalent/g sample in A. biebersteinii and A. wilhelmsii, respectively), total flavonoids (range: 8.33-12.97 vs. 7.79-9.41 mg catechin equivalent/g sample), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (IC(50): 40.63-346.34 vs. 84.02-462.41) and reducing power (IC(50): 504.44-4406.67 vs. 1710.00-5501.67) were significantly higher in A. biebersteinii vs. A. wilhelmsii and ultrasound-assisted vs. classical maceration extracts of both species. The aforementioned items were higher at pH = 6.3, followed by pHs of 6.9 and 5.7, respectively. Overall, A. biebersteinii extracts were more active against all of the tested microorganisms than A. wilhelmsii. Sensitivities of Gram-positive bacteria were higher for both Achillea extracts than the Gram-negative bacteria. No observable inhibitory activity was found from different extracts against Aspergillus niger. Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest that methanol extracts of A. biebersteinii and A. wilhelmsii possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activity, being higher in the former. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and pH of 6.3 have significant augmenting impact on the total phenolic and flavonoid content as well as antioxidant activities of both species.     

Role of Blepharis maderaspatensis and Ammannia baccifera plant extracts on in vitro oxygen radical scavenging, secretion of gastric fluid and gastroprotection on ulcer induced rats

Context: Blepharis maderaspatensis L. Roth (BM) (Acanthaceae) and Ammannia baccifera L. (AB) (Lythraceae) are used in folk medicine for various stomach disorders. Objective: The chloroform and ethanol extracts of both plants were evaluated for antioxidant, gastric antisecretory, and gastroprotective properties. Methods: Antioxidant properties of the extracts were evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging assay. The gastric antisecretory properties of the extracts were assessed, at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg, using aspirin-pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer models and the gastroprotective activity of the extracts was assessed, at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg, using HCl-ethanol induced ulcer models in rats. Results and discussion: Ethanol extract of BM (EBM) possessed good antioxidant property with IC(50) values of 37.4 and 44.1 μg/mL in DPPH and NO scavenging assays respectively, where 25-250 μg/mL concentration in DPPH assay and 30-300 μg/mL concentration in NO scavenging assay were used. Ethanol extract of AB (EAB) at a dose of 200 mg/kg reduced the free acidity to 142.66 mEq/L and total acidity to 451.22 mEq/l. It reduced the gastric secretion with increase in pH from 2.2 to 3.15. Possessing good antisecretory activity, it also reduced the ulcer by 92.2% in aspirin and pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer models. EAB increased the mucus secretion and adherent mucus in the tissues with a 71.43% reduction of ulcerin HCl-ethanol induced ulcer models, at a dose of 200 mg/kg. This activity can be attributed to the various flavonoids like rutin and kaempferol-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, and the phytosterol, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-glucopyranoside, and phenolics present in the extracts. Conclusion: EBM possessed significant antioxidant property while EAB possessed good antisecretory and gastroprotective activity.