波形重叠对心电图诊断的干扰

波形重叠在心电图分析中为一常见现象,如当P波重于T波时易将P波漏诊;P波重于U波时易被误认为P波增宽或增高而误诊为房内阻滞或心房肥大;P波重于QRS波群可使其振幅受影响,这些现象较为常见,已引起临床注意。但对P波重于Q波中较为少见,然而却可使Q波被掩盖,甚至形成Q波与R波分离而酷似逆行P波的伪象,给诊     

预激综合征合并自律性旁道心律一例报告

男、27岁,轻度阵发性心悸胸闷2天入院,查体:脉搏72次/分,血压16/9kPa,心律不齐。心电图示:(1)入院时QRS波起始部均有△波,大部分为宽QRS波(R’),时限约0.15秒,无有关P波;少数为窄QRS波(R),时限约0.11秒,其前见有关P波,P-R间期0.08秒。Ⅰ导联的QRS波均呈R波,有△波,第2、6个R波前方见有关P波,T波直立,显然系窦性激动所致。其余R’波前方无有关P波,T波倒置,R波后第一个R’波提早出现,R-R’联律间期相等,2’—R’间期大致相等,R’波短阵出现,最后一个R’波后有较长代偿间隙,R’—R—R’间期等于R’—R’间期的2倍(代偿完全)。     

老年流浪精神病患者心电图U波的研究

目的 探讨老年流浪精神病患者心电图U波的特点及临床意义.方法 年龄＞60岁的流浪精神病患者,首次心电图检查出现U波异常者114例,测量各导联U波的情况,根据U波异常情况分为U波倒置组54例和U波增高组60例,分析异常U波与年龄的关系以及异常U波合并其他心电图改变情况.结果 U波增高多见于低血钾等,U波倒置多见于左室肥大...     

105例有痫波发放的脑电图及其分析

脑电图学上将棘波、棘慢波综合,尖波、尖慢波综合,多棘慢波综合,高峰失律,每秒6和14次阳性尖波统称为“痫性放电”(或痫波)。本文搜集了有以上各型痫波发放的脑电图共105例,对各型痫波的脑电图改变及临床意义进行探讨。     

重建心阻抗微分图的探讨

目的:对重建心阻抗微分图的基本波命名,探讨有关波幅和时间间期.方法:对180例正常成人重建心阻抗微分图的基本波进行归类分析,统计有关波幅和时间间期.结果:血管分量AO', PL', PR'有C波,X波和O波,C波为正向,X波为负向,O波有的为正,有的为负;心室分量LV', RV'有b波, C波, O波, b波为一正向小波,C波为负向,O波为正向;AO'分量的C波幅度最大,PL', PR'分量次之,LV', RV'分量最小;心室分量的Q-C间期大于血管分量的Q-C间期.结论:本研究可为重建心阻抗图的临床应用提供基础.     

碎裂QRS波在陈旧性心肌梗死中的诊断价值

目的:探讨心电图碎裂QRS波(fQRS波)在陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)中的诊断价值。方法:对200例明确诊断或疑似OMI病人心电图与超声心电图对比研究,来分析病理性Q波以及fQRS波对OMI的诊断价值。结果:OMI病人两种心电图指标在不同部位OMI时的发生率比较fQRS波均大于病理性Q波。在下壁OMI中fQRS波组以及病理性Q波和/或fQRS波组与病理性Q波组比较发生率具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。fQRS波的发生率下壁>前壁>侧壁。fQRS波在敏感度、准确度以及阴性预测值均优于病理性Q波,病理性Q波在特异度及阳性预测值优于fQRS波,而二者联合所有参数最高。结论:fQRS波在敏感度、准确度以及阴性预测值均优于病理性Q波,二者联合将提高对OMI的诊断。     

小儿睡眠纺锤波分型的探讨

本文报道了224例患病儿童睡眠纺锤波的分型:对称性纺锤波占6.25%,不完全性懒惰性纺锤波占46.43%,完全性懒惰性纺锤波占8.93%,不完全性交替性纺锤波占13.39%,完全性交替性纺锤波占1.79%,极端性纺锤波占13.84%,延长性纺锤波占6.7%,完全缺失性纺锤波占2.67%。异常率为82.59%。     

肺血流图心室收缩前波与b点的确定

本文通过对108例正常人肺血流图研究,认为缩前波是肺血流图一个组成部份,完整肺血流图应包括a波(心房波)、ps波(心室收缩前波或缩前波)、S波(收缩波)及D波(舒张波)等4个波组成,并阐述了ps波的存在、特点、形成机理及重要性。提出b点确定原则,并报告108例正常人Q-b时间为0.1371±0.0187秒。     

96例蟾蜍心电图分析

96例蜍蟾心电图分析,结果表明:均为窦性心律、律齐;心率慢,且有随室温升高而加快的趋势;心电轴变动范围较大;P波形态在各导联无特定规律;在以R波为主的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF和V导联中,T波绝大部分直立;心室除极波中可见q波;在QRS波与T波之间可见一较小的负波,在T波后无u波。     

肺型P波的临床及心电图诊断

过去惯常地认为凡PⅡⅢAVF电压≥0.25mV,形态高尖的窦性P波,是右房大的心电图表现,且多见于肺心病,固有"肺型P波"之称,业已证明该型P波形成机制复杂涉及病因广泛,部分病例常系多种因素作用的结果。如:肺心病的肺型P波、低钾血症肺型P波、脑部疾患的肺型P波、急性肺梗塞的肺型P波、甲状腺功能亢进性肺型P波、烟民型肺型P波、起搏点游走性肺型P波、交感性肺型P波、不全性右房内或后结间束传导阻滞致肺型P波、先天性P波等。因此,根据病因,寻觅肺型P波的规律性,将有益于临床处理。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.