104名双生子青少年精神健康发育的研究

目的 了解遗传因素对青少年双生子精神健康发育的影响.方法 通过教委学校募集11岁以上的共同生活的青少年双生子.签写知情同意书后利用发育和健康状况评定(Development and Well-Bing Assessment,DAWBA)对双生子父母及11岁以上的双生子进行双生子精神健康发育状况的凋查,并重点分析11岁以上双生子自评版的DAWBA.通过采集双生子的颊黏膜标本提取DNA进行卵型鉴定.结果 DAWBA的情绪、行为症状及其症状产生的影响,计算机诊断的结果中显示情绪障碍中的分离性焦虑[同卵双生组相关系数r=0.200,P=0.28;异卵双生组(DZ)r=0.198,P=0.447].特殊恐怖症状(r MZ=0.440,P=0.013;r DZ=0.419,P=0.094)、特殊恐怖症状影响(r MZ=0.418,P=0.019;r DZ=0.262,P=0.310)、社交恐怖症状(r MZ=0.296,P=0.106;r DZ=-0.119,P=0.648)、抑郁症状(rMZ=0.556,P=0.001;r DZ=-0.254,P=0.325)及对立违抗/品行障碍(r MZ=0.503,P=0.014;r DZ=-0.270,P=0.295)及进食症状(r MZ=0.764,P=0.046;r DZ:-0.091,P=0.728),结果显示同卵双生组双生子相关系数大于异卵双生组.结论 影响青少年精神健康发育的因素中,遗传因素起到了一定的作用.     

双生子研究法在精神卫生领域的应用

双生子分为同卵双生(Monozygotic,MZ)和异卵双生(Dizygotic,DZ).利用MZ和DZ可以对遗传和环境因素在人类性状和疾病中的作用进行定量研究,这对于从病因学的角度探讨多基因遗传疾病的发生、发展具有重要意义.本文将就近十几年来双生子研究在心理卫生领域的应用进行回顾.     

6～12岁双生子女童颅面软硬组织形态的遗传作用分析

目的探讨遗传因素对6~12岁双生子女童颅面部软硬组织形态的影响。方法分析2012年1月至2017年5月183对双生子女童的投影测量结果,按照卵型鉴定结果,分为观察组(MZ组,n=110对)为同卵双生子,对照组(DZ组,n=110对)为异卵双生子,分别比较两组受试者对间遗传作用相关指标(L1~L3、H1~H3、G’G、SnA、G-SnPos、NsPrnPos)平均差值。结果 MZ组对间L3、H1~H3、G’G、G-SnPos、NsPrnPos指标平均差值明显低于DZ组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);7、10、11岁组MZ受试者L3平均差值明显低于DZ组,9、10、12岁组MZ受试者H1平均差值低于DZ组,10、11、12岁组MZ受试者H2平均差值低于DZ组,10、11、12岁组MZ受试者H3平均差值低于DZ组,7、10、11、12岁组MZ受试者G’G平均差值低于DZ组,9、10岁组MZ受试者SNA平均差值低于DZ组,9、10、12岁组MZ受试者G-SnPos平均差值低于DZ组,7、10、11、12岁组MZ受试者NsPrnPos平均差值低于DZ组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论颅面部下部深度与环境因素有关,颅面部高度受遗传因素影响,软组织厚度受环境和遗传因素共同作用。     

青岛地区双生子出生影响因素的病例对照研究

双生子分为同卵双生(monozygotic, MZ)与异卵双生(dizygotic, DZ)两种,由于其发生机制较单胎复杂得多,影响双生子出生的因素可能涉及很多方面.国内外研究发现不同国家和地区的双生子出生率(或活产双生子出生比)存在明显的地区差异[1-3].     

芜湖市198对双生儿的调查分析

通过对芜湖市中、小学和幼儿园的58 887名学生的普查,发现198对双生子,双生子发生率为3.4‰,其中同卵双生占60.77％,异卵双生占39.23％。本文就双生子的胎次和父母育龄的分布;双生子的智力、体征;双生与遗传等方面进行了研究。     

双生子智力相关的研究

应用双生子法研究了苏州市区54对正常双生子智力相关情况。采用WAIS 或WISC 测定。结果(1)在FIQ 中,级内相关系数MZ 为0.86,DZ 为0.46,h~2为0.74I(2)在VIQ 中,级内相关系数MZ 为0.88,DZ 为0.33,h~2为0.81;(3)在PIQ 中,级内相关系数MZ 为0.67,DZ 为0.65,h~2为0.05。     

不通过5种感觉通道交流的双生子猜牌试验研究

目的讨论在儿童双生子个体间是否存在不通过5种感觉通道(视、听、触、嗅、味)的交流现象,并探索其遗传和环境的影响。方法募集6～16岁共同生活的儿童双生子,采集颊黏膜标本以提取DNA进行卵型鉴定,用纸牌试验方式,比较双生子猜牌正确率和数学期望值的大小,按卵型鉴定结果将双生子组分为同卵双生组和异卵双生组,比较猜牌正确率。结果双生子组的猜牌正确率大于数学期望值(P<0.05),同卵双生子猜牌正确率大于异卵双生子,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论儿童双生子个体间可能有不通过5种感觉通道的交流现象存在,共同的遗传基础和生活环境可能是该交流现象产生的一个重要原因,尚不能确定遗传和环境对该现象的影响存在轻重之分。     

双生子视网膜母细胞瘤遗传学和临床表现

报告一对经生育史,红细胞血型(ABO、MN、Rh、P),血清型(Hp,Gc),酯酶D(EsD)表型及HLA(A、B、Cw)多种遗传标记检测而确诊为同卵双生子的视网膜母细胞瘤病例,同时于45天出现“猫眼”症状,孪生弟右眼、孪生兄双眼眼球摘除后,病理检查证实为视网膜母细胞瘤(Rb),分化型。文章结合本世纪文献报道作过卵性诊断的Rb双生子共33对,计算出同卵双生患病一致率和Rb的遗传指数(76.56％);并就双生子卵别鉴定项目的可靠程度,“镜像”现象以及如何用Knudson的“二次突变”假说来解释同卵双生子发病一致性的问题,作了简要的讨论。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染孪生子宿主遗传因素与临床表型关系的初步研究

目的　以 2 0对HBV感染孪生子和感染高危孪生子为研究对象 ,初步研究宿主遗传因素与乙型肝炎临床表型的关系。方法　采用人基因组短串联重复序列 (shorttandemrepeates ,STR)多态性扫描技术进行孪生子卵型鉴定 ,同时进行HAV、HBV、HCV、HDV、HEV等肝炎标志物检测 ,HBVDNA荧光定量检测及肝功能 (ALT ,AST ,TBil)检测。对临床指标数据进行Fisher′s精确检验 ,在单卵孪生子 (monozygotictwins ,MZ)组、双卵孪生子 (dizygotictwins ,DZ)组、对照 (control)组之间进行比较。结果　单卵孪生子组、双卵孪生子组与对照组两两之间 ,其感染率、HBsAg阳性率、HBeAg阳性率、无症状携带者 (AsC)比率及清除病毒比率差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。在同病率、疾病表型一致率、血清学模式相同者比率的比较中发现单卵孪生子组与双卵孪生子组之间及单卵孪生子组与对照组之间差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而双卵孪生子组与对照组之间差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。另外研究亦发现疾病表型一致率可能与患者年龄及是否进行抗病毒治疗等相关。对于HBV感染高危孪生子 ,出生后立即进行HBIg注射或疫苗接种 ,可阻断HBV感染。 结论　单卵孪生子组其同病率、疾病表型一致率、血清学模式相同者比率显著高于双卵孪生子组以及对照组 ,与     

用双生子法对几项行为特性的遗传学研究

作者采用双生子法对38对双生子(其中MZ22,DZ16)的智商,以及其中部分双生子的个性、笔迹和心理健康状况等行为特征进行遗传学研究。结果发现,遗传因素对个体智力和个性的某些特征、笔迹及一般心理健康水平均有一定影响,但对总的智商和个体出现的症状类型影响不明显。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.