自发性胆囊内瘘14例分析

胆囊内瘘是胆囊结石的少见并发症。我科自 1987年 8月至 1997年 12月共收治胆囊内瘘 14例 ,现结合文献报道如下。一、临床资料1.一般资料 :男 5例 ,女 9例 ,年龄34～ 72岁 ,平均 5 3 8岁。其中胆囊十二指肠瘘 7例 ,胆囊结肠瘘 3例 ,胆囊胃瘘 3例 ,胆囊肝总管结肠瘘 1例。2 .临床表现与诊断 :11例有胆绞痛表现 ,并有恶心、呕吐、黄疸、发热。 3例胆囊结肠瘘有腹痛、腹泻 ,2例胆囊胃瘘有呃逆 ,并呕吐胆汁。术前确诊 3例 ,2例行钡灌肠检查发现 ,1例行ＣＴ检查发现。Ｂ超检查均发现胆囊结石。3.手术情况 :全部病例均行胆囊切除、瘘修补术 ,1例并…     

萎缩性胆囊炎合并胆囊内瘘腹腔镜手术1例

目前,95%～98%的胆囊切除术可以在腹腔镜下完成,各种不同类型的胆囊疾病都可以行腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy, LC）[1～3].胆囊内瘘是少见的胆囊结石并发症,包括胆囊十二指肠瘘、胆囊胃瘘、胆囊胆总管瘘、胆囊结肠瘘等,其中最常见的是胆囊十二指肠瘘[4].因为内瘘部位周围组织粘连严重,LC术中如果发现胆囊内瘘,一般均采用中转开腹手术的方法[8].[第一段]     

慢性结石性胆囊炎合并胆囊胃瘘二例北大核心CSCD

自发性胆囊内瘘是胆囊结石少见的并发症,包括胆囊十二指肠瘘、胆囊胆总管瘘、胆囊结肠瘘、胆囊胃瘘等,其中最常见的是胆囊十二指肠瘘,而胆囊胃瘘由于胃活动度大、胃壁厚等原因极少发生,临床症状不典型,术前难以确诊。现报道2例胆囊胃瘘患者,其中1例为慢性胆囊炎合并胃窦部憩室内瘘患者,1例为胆囊胃窦部内瘘患者。     

胆囊与肝右后叶胆管内瘘一例报道

病人：女性,65岁,聋哑人。因间断性上腹部疼痛5d,伴畏寒、发热。来我院就诊。入院体检正常,既往身体健康。入院后肝胆彩色超声示：胆囊结石并胆囊炎,胆总管结石并肝内外胆管扩张。CT平扫、增强检查示：胆总管结石可能伴胆总管扩张,胆囊炎。MRCP检查示：肝左叶内侧段、右叶后下段小囊肿可能,胆总管下段结石,并胆总管扩张。完善术前检查后,病人在全身麻醉准备下行腹腔镜胆囊切除术,     

胆囊内瘘31例回顾性分析

目的探讨结石所致胆囊内瘘的诊治方法。方法回顾性分析我院1990年1月～2006年1月收治的胆囊内瘘31例的临床资料。结果本组31例均治愈出院。无手术死亡病例,无术后并发症发生。结论萎缩性结石性胆囊炎易合并内瘘;超声、X线等影像学检查对术前诊断胆囊内瘘有重要价值;胆囊切除加内瘘修补可达到理想的治疗效果。     

44例胆内瘘诊治体会

目的探讨胆内瘘的诊断。方法回顾性分析44例胆内瘘的临床资料。结果本组胆内瘘，术前行B超、胃镜、ERCP、CT、T管造影、胆道镜，治愈38例，好转5例。结论未手术者胆道积气即提示胆内瘘的可能性。胆道造影是诊断胆内瘘的可靠方法。     

胆管支气管瘘29例临床分析

目的 总结胆管支气管瘘(bronchobiliary fistula,BBF)的病因、病理及诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析1976-2009年收治的29例BBF患者的临床资料.结果 29例患者均有腹痛、寒战发热、黄疸、肝肿大;胸闷、咳嗽并咯血及咯胆汁痰,量为100～200 ml/d;右下肺闻及湿性啰音或呼吸音减弱或消失.29例患者先后选择胸部X线片或腹部X线片、A型超声、BUS、CT或PTC、MRCP、ERCP等诊断措施.29例患者均采用手术治疗,术式分别为胆总管切开取石、T型管引流术及膈下或肝脓肿引流、瘘管切除或膈肌瘘口修补术19例(其中2例同时行肝右后叶不规则切除术);胆囊切除、胆总管切开取蛔虫及取结石、T型管引流、膈下脓肿引流及膈肌瘘口修补术3例;胆囊切除、胆总管切开取蛔虫及取结石,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术1例;肝外伤性膈下脓肿引流术,胆总管切开、T型管引流术3例;单纯行膈下脓肿引流及胆总管切开及T型管引流术2例;Oddi括约肌狭窄行肝脓肿切开引流及膈肌瘘口修补术并行胆管空肠Roux-en-Y型吻合术1例.手术治愈26例;死亡3例.结论BBF来自肝胆管梗阻和感染导致胆源性肝脓肿及肺脓肿,手术解除梗阻、去除病灶、通畅引流是治愈BBF的关键措施.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the etiology,pathological mechanism, and the experience of diagnosis and treatment of bronchobiliary fistula (BBF). Methods Clinical data of 29 BBF patients admitted and operated on from 1976 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Results Clinical menifestation included abdominal pain, chill and high fever,jaundice, hepatomegaly, chest distress, cough, hemoptysis,bilious cough, moist rale in the lower right lung or decreased or disapeared breath sound. Abdominal radiograph, chest X-ray, BUS, CT, PTC, MRCP and ERCP are helpful for localizing diagnosis. All the 29patients were surgically treated. 19 patients were treated by choledochotomy to extract common bile duct stones, T-tube drainage, liver abscess drainage, fistula excision and diaphragmatic repair. Three patients were treated by cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, and T-tube drainage. One patient underwent cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy, and Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy. Three patients received liver abscess drainage, choledochotomy, T-tube drainage. 2 patients did subphrenic abscess drainage,choledochotomy, T-tube drainage. One patient complicating Oddi sphincter stenosis received liver abscess drainage, diaphragmatic repair, and Roux-en-Y hepatojejunostomy. 26 patients were cured. 3 patients died.Conclusions The etiology of BBF is obstruction related bilious tract infection leading to liver abcess and lung abscess. In the process of surgical treatment, relief of bilious tract obstruction, clearance of focal lesion and effective drainage of biliary tract are the mainstay of management.     

胆囊癌综合治疗回顾性分析

目的 探讨提高胆囊癌的临床综合诊治方法.方法 回顾性分析我院2000年8月-2005年5月收治的胆囊癌住院患者的病史资料,并进行相关统计分析.结果 本组43例患者,男:女为1:2.3,中住年龄69岁.30例(69.8%)合并胆囊结石或胆管结石.30例(69.8%)CA19-9指标升高,13例(30.2%)CEA升高.35例(81.4%)术前由CT或MRI提示胆囊恶性肿瘤可能.43例患者中共30例(69.8%)行手术治疗,其中9例行根治术或扩大根治术.共14例患者接受化学治疗.本组资料共随访30例患者,5例患者仍然存活,最长存活已超过4年,其余患者生存期1～24个月,中位生存期为15个月.结论 胆囊癌的恶性程度高,预后差,术前诊断困难,缺乏敏感性和特异性均高的诊断方法,手术是治疗的主要手段.以化疗为主的胆囊癌新辅助治疗可能有助于进一步提高胆囊癌生存率,改善预后.     

The honeycomb gallbladder: a new category of acquired pseudo-multiseptate gallbladder

We report two cases of honeycomb gallbladder as a new category of acquired pseudo-multiseptate gallbladder associated with chronic cholecystitis with stones. The two patients were elderly women without any abdominal symptoms or abnormality of laboratory data. On the imaging examinations, a hyperechoic collection with acoustic shadowing on the inferior surface of the liver was typically observed on ultrasonography, with multiloculated gallbladder being observed on computed tomography. Macroscopic findings of the cut plane of the gallbladder showed a characteristic appearance, with thin pseudo-septations arising from the wall and bridging the lumen from side to side, with a honeycomb appearance, including small stones. Microscopic findings suggest that these septational structures could have developed over a chronic inflammatory course after acute obstruction of the cystic duct. Cholecystectomy should be the choice of treatment for honeycomb gallbladder from the viewpoint of clinical management.     

127例胆囊癌20年临床对比分析

目的 分析我院近20年胆囊癌病例,为提高胆囊癌的诊治水平提供一些经验。方法 回顾1983年1月-2001年11月间有病理报告证实的胆囊癌127例,前10年58例,后8年69例,对比前后10年间的诊断与治疗方法,以及患者的预后。结果 前10年的术前诊断率为29.3％,术后病理诊断率18.9％。后8年分别为60.9％、4.3％,与前10年相比P<0.01。全组NevinⅠ、Ⅱ期的患者共13例,行单纯胆囊切除术,随访3年均生存。Ⅲ期以上患者前10年的54例,行标准胆囊癌根治术,术后未做其他治疗。其术后1、3年生存率分别为的64.8％、24.1％。后8年60例,根治手术率达38.3％（P<0.05）,术后1、3年生存率分别为71.7％（P>0.05）及43.3％（P<0.05）。本组无腹腔感染、胆漏、肝肾功能衰竭等严重术后并发症,无手术死亡。结论 胆囊癌起病隐匿,与有多年的慢性胆囊炎、胆囊结石病史有关;B超及CT检查可提高胆囊癌术前诊断率。术中对胆囊局部增厚、变硬或隆起性病变做冰冻检查,是防止漏诊的必要手段。胆囊癌根治术是提高患者1、3年生存率的有效方法。     

瘘管切除合并内口结扎治疗肛瘘临床疗效分析(附74例报告)

目的观察瘘管切除合并内口结扎治疗肛瘘的临床疗效。方法选择74例内口在肛管齿线附近的肛瘘患者,采用将瘘管完全剥离切除,内口盲端结扎的方法手术的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果 74例患者全部一次性治愈,住院时间为12~23d,完全愈合时间为22~47d。痊愈后肛门外观无缺损、移位等改变,生理功能正常。3例患者早期有少许黏液泄漏,8~10周后症状消失,肛门无失禁。结论采用瘘管切除合并内口结扎的手术方法治疗肛瘘彻底,治愈率高,疗效确切,无肛瘘再次复发。     

合肥地区胆囊疾病的流行病学调查

目的 通过合肥地区6946位健康人群的体检探讨各种良性胆囊疾病的发生情况（包括已行胆道手术者）以及高脂血症与胆囊结石的关系。方法 采用腹部彩色多普勒B超检查发现胆囊疾病。以血液生化检测对比胆囊结石组（1051例）与无胆囊结石的（5133例）对照组高血脂的发生率。结果 6946例被检人群中良性胆囊疾病发生率21.55％；胆囊结石、胆囊息肉样病变、胆囊胆固醇沉着症、慢性胆囊炎、肝内胆管及总胆管结石发生率分别为15.13%、3.39%、1.35%、0.96%、0.70%；胆囊结石占良性胆囊疾病的70．2％；胆囊结石组与对照组的高血脂发生率分别为56.9%、32.3%，P＜0.001差异有显著意义。结论 本组工作提示，合肥地区工薪群体良性胆囊疾病特别是胆囊结石的发病率较高且与高血脂关系密切，高血脂可能是胆囊结石形成的另一高危因素。     

残余胆囊合并胆系结石的诊治和预防

目的探讨残余胆囊合并胆系结石的病因、诊治及预防,以减少此并发症的发生。方法回顾性分析本院收治的17例残余胆囊合并胆系结石的临床资料。结果大多数病例术前获得正确的临床诊断;17例均行再次手术治疗,术后症状消失,疗效满意。结论根据临床表现和影像学检查,该病能获得正确诊断;再次手术是惟一治疗手段;首次手术中认清胆囊管、肝总管、胆总管三者的解剖关系是预防的关键。     

Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis. Retrospective Analysis of 12 Cases

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis is a rare variant of chronic cholecystitis characterized by severe proliferative fibrosis and accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages in areas of destructive inflammation. The macroscopic appearance generally mimics a gallbladder carcinoma.

Twelve cases of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis were identified from a retrospective analysis of the patient records of 770 cholecystectomy cases operated on in our department from January 1996 to October 2001. There were four men and eight women. Mean age of presentation was 52.5 years. Eleven patients had gallbladder stones. Seven patients had a history of acute cholecystitis and five patients of biliary colicky pain. Five cases were presented with obstructive jaundice and five with acute cholecystitis. Right upper quadrant mass was palpable in three patients. All patients underwent cholecystectomy. Open surgery was planned and performed in three patients. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was planned in nine patients but converted to open surgery in three cases. Nine patients had an uneventful postoperative course. One patient developed wound infection and one patient a postoperative pulmonary infection. One patient developed acute abdomen in the 2^nd postoperative day and was re-operated for bile peritonitis. No mortality was seen in the series.