高血压病患者的运动血压及影响因素

目的研究高血压病患者的运动血压及影响因素.方法监测327例1、2级高血压患者及64例正常者在活动平板运动试验中的血压反应,分析可能对其有影响的因素偶测血压、性别、年龄、体质指数、血脂、病程、吸烟、饮酒及家族史等.结果活动平板运动试验中高血压患者及正常者随运动量增加血压反应增高,高血压患者运动中、最大运动量及恢复期的血压反应均显著高于正常组,2级高血压组显著高于1级高血压组,运动中最高血压正常组为154±15 mmHg/81±10 mmHg, 1级高血压组为193±14 mmHg/96±7 mmHg, 2级高血压组为204±13 mmHg/102±7 mmHg.以运动高血压为标准,正常组有运动高血压4.68% , 1级高血压组有41.27% , 2级高血压组有75.76% , 各组间均有显著性差异.多元逐步回归分析显示运动中最高收缩压与偶测SBP、胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、偶测DBP、低密度脂蛋白、体质指数、年龄、饮酒、性别有关;运动中最高舒张压与偶测SBP、胆固醇、偶测DBP、年龄、性别、饮酒、体质指数有关.结论各级高血压患者的运动血压反应具有统计学意义,运动血压除与偶测血压密切相关外,其他相关因素与高血压发病的危险因素相似,本研究所得血压反应值可为其在临床的应用提供参照依据.     

原发性高血压血压昼夜节律与运动血压的关系

目的 :探讨原发性高血压患者血压昼夜节律与运动血压的关系。方法 :检测 30 3例 1、2级原发性高血压患者的运动血压和动态血压 ,根据夜间血压下降率不同分为杓型组 (n =2 0 0 )和非杓型组 (n =10 3) ,比较两组运动血压各参数 ,并行相关分析。结果 :①非杓型组最大运动量时收缩压、舒张压和运动后恢复期收缩压、舒张压均高于杓型组 ,有极显著性差异(P <0 .0 1或 0 .0 0 1)。②夜间收缩压下降率与最大运动量时收缩压、舒张压存在明显负相关 (γ =-0 40 7、-0 361,P均<0 .0 0 1) ;夜间舒张压下降率与最大运动量时收缩压、舒张压、运动后恢复期收缩压存在明显负相关 (γ =-0 499、-0 479、-0 183,P均 <0 0 1或 0 0 0 1)。结论 :非杓型原发性高血压患者容易出现运动血压过度升高     

非洛地平缓释片、比索洛尔和培哚普利对原发性高血压患者24小时血压的影响

目的 :比较非洛地平缓释片、比索洛尔和培哚普利对 48例原发性高血压患者的降压疗效。方法 :采用随机 ,单盲和平行对照的方法 ,运用 2 4小时动态血压监测之。结果 :3种药均能显著降低血压 ,彼此间降低偶测血压的幅度无显著差异。非洛地平缓释片和比索洛尔降低 2 4小时平均和白天平均血压的幅度大于培哚普利。 3种药均能有效控制清晨高峰期的血压 ,它们的降压谷 /峰比值都超过 6 5 %。结论 :非洛地平缓释片、比索洛尔和培哚普利均可每日服用 1次 ,前 2种药控制 2 4小时血压及清晨醒后的高峰期血压较后者为佳。     

缬沙坦治疗原发性轻中度高血压疗效观察

目的 观察缬沙坦治疗原发性轻中度高血压临床疗效。方法 选择原发性轻中度高血压患者30例,给予缬沙坦80mg每日一次口服,服药2周后未达标准者,则增至160mg每日一次,共治疗8周。于用药前,及用药后1周、2周、4周、6周、8周分别测偶测血压;于用药前及用药结束后进行24h动态血压监测。结果 缬沙坦治疗8周后,降压总有效率为86.6%。用药2周达到最大降压效果,降低收缩压及舒张压的谷峰比值分别为59.1%和63.2%,且不改变血压昼夜节律。结论 缬沙坦80mg-160mg每日一次口服,能有效的控制原发性轻中度高血压的血压水平。     

卡托普利与硝苯地平联合治疗老年原发性高血压患者的疗效

目的探讨卡托普利与硝苯地平联合治疗老年原发性高血压患者的临床疗效。方法 240例原发性高血压老年患者按随机数字表法分为硝苯地平组、卡托普利组及联合用药组,每组80例。比较三组的临床疗效和不良反应情况。结果三组的舒张压和收缩压与治疗前相比均明显降低(P<0.05),联合用药组的舒张压和收缩压明显低于硝苯地平组和卡托普利组(P<0.05),硝苯地平组与卡托普利组无显著性差异(P>0.05);联合用药组总有效率(96.2%)明显高于硝苯地平组(87.5%)和卡托普利组(86.2%)(P<0.05),硝苯地平组与卡托普利组无显著性差异(P>0.05);三组不良反应发生率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论卡托普利与硝苯地平联合治疗老年原发性高血压可发挥协同作用,疗效显著,不良反应少,优于单独用药,值得临床推广。     

高血压伴颈动脉粥样硬化患者动态血压监测的意义

对１０８例原发性高血压患者应用彩色超声心动图检查颈动脉形态，并结合２４小时动态血压监测（ＡＢＰＭ），观察颈动脉粥样硬化（ＣＡＳ）与动态血压的关系。结果显示：ＣＡＳ组夜间收缩压和舒张压负荷值明显高于颈动脉正常组（Ｐ值均＜０．０１）；日间收缩压和舒张压负荷值及２４小时平均收缩压和舒张压两组比较亦有显著性差异（Ｐ值均＜０．０５）；ＣＡＳ组的血压昼夜节律紊乱检出率（６２．５％）显著高于颈动脉正常组（３７．５％）（Ｐ＜０．０１）；两组偶测血压相近（Ｐ值均＞０．０５）。表明ＣＡＳ与动态血压均值、血压负荷值及血压昼夜节律紊乱密切相关，其中以夜间血压负荷的持续时间及昼夜节律消失的关系为明显，提示在高血压患者预测高血压性脑血管损害方面，动态血压优于偶测血压。     

14例偶测血压正常动态血压升高病人临床分析

背景 长期以来,临床工作者常常只注意偶测血压高而动态血压正常者,即“自大衣高血压”(white coat hyperten-sion),而对偶测血压正常、动态血压升高的病人未予以重视。目的 探讨偶测血压正常、动态血压升高病人(masked hyper-tension)的临床特征与临床意义。方法 89例临床诊断为血压正常的受试者,由受过专门训练的护士在受试者家中测量血压二次,时间间隔为2～3周,二次测量共获得10个读数的平均值作为偶测血压。采用24小时动态血压监测仪记录动态血压。结果 该人群中偶测血压正常、动态血压升高的患病率为15．7％,以男性多见,其中64．3％为偶测血压正常高值者(血压13l～139／85～89mmHg);患者中饮酒的比例、体重指数、血清胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均高于偶测血压及动态血压均正常者。不同日二次测量共10个血压读数的均数与白昼动态血压的相关性好于同日测量、5个读数的均数。结论由于偶测血压的局限性,可使一部分白昼动态血压升高的患者漏诊,后者主要见于偶测血压正常高值者。应对偶测血压正常高值者予以随访检查。     

14例偶测血压正常动态血压升高病人临床分析

背景长期以来,临床工作者常常只注意偶测血压高而动态血压正常者,即"白大衣高血压"(white coat hypertension),而对偶测血压正常、动态血压升高的病人未予以重视.目的探讨偶测血压正常、动态血压升高病人(masked hypertension)的临床特征与临床意义.方法 89例临床诊断为血压正常的受试者,由受过专门训练的护士在受试者家中测量血压二次,时间间隔为2～3周,二次测量共获得10个读数的平均值作为偶测血压.采用24小时动态血压监测仪记录动态血压.结果该人群中偶测血压正常、动态血压升高的患病率为15.7%,以男性多见,其中64.3%为偶测血压正常高值者(血压131～139/85～89 mmHg);患者中饮酒的比例、体重指数、血清胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均高于偶测血压及动态血压均正常者.不同日二次测量共10个血压读数的均数与白昼动态血压的相关性好于同日测量、5个读数的均数.结论由于偶测血压的局限性,可使一部分白昼动态血压升高的患者漏诊,后者主要见于偶测血压正常高值者.应对偶测血压正常高值者予以随访检查.     

硝苯地平控释剂对高血压合并冠心病心绞痛患者动态血压及心电图的影响

目的观察硝苯地平控释片对高血压合并冠心病心绞痛患者动态血压和心电图的影响.方法76例高血压合并冠心病心绞痛患者,给予口服硝苯地平控释片30～60 mg/d,用药4周.治疗前后以动态心电图和动态血压监测平均心率、心肌缺血发作频率、心肌缺血总时间、ST段最大下移数值,记录24 h、日间及夜间的收缩压与舒张压,收缩压负荷及舒张压负荷.结果用药后24 h收缩压和舒张压、收缩压负荷和舒张压负荷均下降(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),用药后日间收缩压和舒张压、收缩压负荷和舒张压负荷明显下降(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),用药后夜间收缩压和舒张压、收缩压负荷和舒张压负荷也明显下降(P＜0.05).心肌缺血发作频率、缺血总时间以及最大ST段下移较治疗前均有明显好转(P＜0.05).结论高血压合并冠心病患者口服硝苯地平控释片30～60 mg/d,能改善心肌缺血又能降低血压.     

有氧运动联合阻抗运动对难治性高血压患者动态血压的降低作用更为持久:一项随机交叉试验

该研究比较有氧运动、阻抗运动及联合运动对难治性高血压(refractory hypertension,RH)和非难治性高血压(NON-RH)患者血压的短期影响。方法:招募患者20例(RH 10例和NON-RH 10例),随机进行三种运动训练或对照训练。试验训练结束后监测24h动态血压。结果:RH患者在有氧运动、阻抗运动及联合运动后动态血压降低。联合运动后日间和夜间动态血压均降低。有氧运动对日间血压的影响更为显著,而阻抗运动降低夜间血压的幅度较大。仅阻抗运动降低NON-RH患者的收缩压,三种运动均可降低舒张压。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.