沟通技巧在医院感染管理工作中的应用

目的用良好的沟通技巧，使医院感染管理质量得到提高。方法运用沟通技巧与临床科室建立良好的人际关系。结果运用良好的沟通技巧，使医院医疗质量得到很大提高。结论运用良好的沟通技巧，建立民主、和谐、奋发向上的人际关系，把医院感染管理工作的一些规范、制度、标准很自然的溶入到临床科室的日常工作中，提高了医疗质量。     

沟通与医院感染管理

目的 探讨沟通在医院感染管理工作中的重要性.方法 通过不同的沟通方式、技巧,排除沟通障碍,取得领导层及医院职工的支持与配合.结果 医院感染预防与控制需要领导的支持,需要人人参与,通过良好的沟通,使全院职工认识到预防和控制医院感染的重要性.结论 在开展医院感染管理工作中,面对医院各个部门与科室,医院感染管理专职人员通过不同的沟通技巧与方式,解决工作中存在问题,从而达到有效控制医院感染的目的 .     

浅谈医院感染管理工作中沟通技巧的运用

目的运用良好的沟通技巧，提高医院感染管理水平。方法通过灵活的沟通方式，与疗养科室建立良好的人际关系。结果通过沟通技巧的应用，使疗养院医疗质量得到提高。结论运用良好的沟通技巧，建立民主、和谐、奋发向上的人际关系，使医院感染管理工作的规章制度和工作标准自然融人到疗养科室的Et常工作中，提高医疗质量。     

ISO9000:2000在医院感染质量管理的应用研究

目的 研究ISO9000:2000标准在医院感染质量管理中的有效应用.方法 使用ISO9001:2000标准,有效建立医院感染质量管理体系并运行1个周期3年后,运行ISO9004:2000体系,持续不断提高医院感染质量管理水平.结果 医院感染工作质量和管理水平持续改进:环境监测合格率、抗菌药物使用率、全院各科审对医院感染管理工作满意度等各项指标均有提高,经统计学处理差异有统计学意义.结论 ISO9001:2000标准的有效建立并运行能明显提高医院感染工作质量和管理水平,在此基础上ISO9004:2000标准的应用是医院感染质量管理工作业绩持续改进有效、方便和经济的方法 .     

血液透析中心预防医院感染的护理措施探讨

目的 探讨血液透析室医院感染的危险因素,有效预防控制医院感染的发生.方法 加强医院感染的组织管理;坚持医院感染质量管理持续改进;医院感染知识培训,提高医院感染预防与控制意识;对重点环节如:建立消毒防护感染知识健康教育指导,帮助患者和家属掌握基本预防控制感染的技巧以及对操作过程的细微控制.结果 通过有效的管理与控制,提高了医疗质量,确保了医疗安全.有效提高了透析患者的生活质量和长期生存率.结论 加强血液透析室医院感染危险因素的管理与控制,是预防血液透析室医院感染发生的关键.     

39所医院感染管理工作现状调查分析

目的 探讨自贡市医院感染管理工作存在的问题,为提高全市医院感染管理工作质量提供科学依据和应对措施.方法 采取现场检查与问卷调查相结合的方式,调查39所医院感染管理工作现状.结果 39所医院设立医院感染科的医院38所,占97.44％,院感科未独立设置的医院25所,占64.10％,其中三级医院0所,二级医院6所占42.86％,一级医院为19所占100.0％;医院感染专职人员构成:中专和大专占73.07％;高级职称为26.92％;护理专业人员占88.46％;11.54％的专职人员未接受过医院感染培训,各级医院感染预防与控制管理工作水平不均衡.结论 领导重视、健全管理组织、合理配置管理人员、加强培训、转变观念、严格规范医疗行为、提高基层医院感染管理水平,是有效预防与控制医院感染和提高全市医院感染管理工作质量的关键.     

体外循环手术病人应用临床护理路径实施医院感染管理的效果评价

目的探讨体外循环手术患者医院感染管理应用临床护理路径的效果。方法随机将215例体外循环手术患者分为实验组和对照组各108例和107例。实验组应用临床护理路径进行医院感染管理,对照组则按常规的工作模式进行管理。结果实验组病人无医院感染的发生,对照组有两例发生医院感染;实验组病人对体外循环手术医院感染个性化临床护理路径掌握情况及对医院感染管理工作的满意度明显高于对照组(p<0.05)。结论应用个性化临床护理路径实施体外循环手术医院感染管理,提高病人对医院感染管理的满意度和对医院感染管理知识的认识,使体外循环手术团队的医院感染管理工作更规范化,从而提高医院感染管理质量。     

医院感染的三级组织管理

目的 探讨医院感染管理方法,提高医院感染管理质量.方法 在医院感染管理中采用三级医院感染管理体系,组成一个上至领导、下至临床医护人员的三级医院感染管理网络,使医院感染管理工作人人重视、层层把关、处处落实.结果 提高了医护人员对医院感染管理的认识,使各项医院感染制度与措施得以落实,有效地控制了医院感染.结论 三级医院感染管理体系是控制医院感染的可行手段.     

血液透析室医院感染危险因素的预防与控制

目的 探讨血液透析室医院感染的危险因素,有效预防控制医院感染的发生.方法 加强医院感染的组织管理、坚持医院感染质量管理持续改进、医院感染知识培训,提高医院感染预防与控制意识;对重点环节如:建立消毒防护感染知识健康教育指导,帮助患者和家属掌握基本预防控制感染的技巧以及对操作过程的细微控制.结果 通过有效的管理与控制,提高了医疗质量,确保了医疗安全,有效提高了透析患者的生活质量和长期生存率.结论 加强血液透析室医院感染危险因素的管理与控制,是预防血液透析室医院感染发生的关键.     

32所基层医院医院感染管理中存在问题分析研究与对策

目的 通过对全县32所医院医院感染的调查、分析与研究,以达到降低医院感染发生的目的 .方法 按照<医院感染管理办法>和医疗服务质量医院感染控制质量评估的要求,对全县32所医院进行了为期两年的医院感染管理工作的调查、分析研究、指导和改进.结果 基层医院在医院感染的设施、监测、监控和管理中尚存在许多医院感染隐患,经过两年有针对性地制定有效、科学的管理方法和改进措施,并纳入医疗服务质量评估后,基层医院在管理质量,消毒、监测、排污质量等多方面都有了较明显提高.结论 以<医院感染管理办法>为指导,加强医院感染管理工作,对保障基层医院医疗质量和医疗安全有重要意义.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.