脑室型囊虫病的磁共振成像诊断

目的探讨MRI对脑室型囊虫病的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经临床证实的52例脑室型囊虫病的MRI表现特点。所有患者均行MRI平扫,16例同时行MRI增强扫描。32例有脑CT扫描对照。结果52例中,单纯性脑室型囊虫28例(53．8％),混合型24例(45．2％)。其中第四脑室32例,侧脑室10例和第三脑室7例,2个及2个以上脑室混合存在3例。52例共计脑室内囊性病灶77个,其中单发囊性病灶37例,多发囊性病灶15例。77个囊性病灶中,41个(53．2％)病灶内可见囊虫头节,其在T1WI上显示最清楚;头节信号在T1WI上与脑实质信号相近,而在T1WI上信号复杂,可表现为低于、等于或高于脑脊液(CSF)的信号。32例行脑CT扫描者,CT仅诊断脑室型囊虫10例。结论MRI是诊断脑室型囊虫病的首选影像学检查方法,对脑室型囊虫病的诊断优于CT。     

脑囊虫病72例MRI表现分析

目的　重点逐灶分析大宗脑囊虫病MRI表现 ,并初步探讨脑囊虫病的诊断标准。方法　回顾性阅读已确诊的脑囊虫病例的MRI片 ,并于横断面、矢状面、冠状面的立体结构上对全部病灶进行定位、定数及MRI解剖分析。结果　脑囊虫病以涉及脑实质最为常见 (97 2 % ) ,且绝大多数寄生于双侧大脑半球皮髓质交界处 (83 1% ) ,95 7%的病人系多发病灶。脑实质囊虫病MRI表现有 9种之多。同一患者同时出现 2种或 2种以上表现者占 5 4 3 %。对其头节、囊泡、周边水肿、钙化状态等征象 ,MRI都有其特征性表现 ,一般诊断不难。脑室内及蛛网膜下腔囊虫病表现为小圆形活囊虫灶及葡萄丛状 2种 ,以T1加权显示病灶较好。脑囊虫病MRI表现复杂多样 ,其主要取决于囊虫感染的不同阶段及部位。结论　脑囊虫病MRI表现复杂多样MRI可予以定性、定位、定量诊断以及明确其病理阶段     

CT技术在脑囊虫病中的诊断与鉴别价值

目的探讨CT技术在脑囊虫病中的诊断、鉴别价值。方法将2009年4月～2013年4月就诊的60例疑为脑囊虫病的患者作为研究对象，对所有患者进行头颅CT扫描，其中46例行增强扫描，并将CT诊断结果与手术病理结果进行比较。结果经CT检查，60例患者中，共诊断出41例脑囊虫病，与病理诊断结果（脑囊虫病41例：实质型33例、脑室型3例、脑膜型1例、混合型4例）相比，CT诊断准确率为100％。其中，实质型33例（80．5％）、脑室型3例（7．3％）、脑膜型1例（2．4％）、混合型4例（9．8％）。结论在脑囊虫病的临床诊断中，CT检查具有重要的应用价值，对于典型病例，行常规平扫即可确诊，是临床诊断脑囊虫病的有效手段。     

MRI对脑囊虫病分型及分期诊断的临床意义

目的：探讨脑囊虫病ＭＲＩ分型、分期诊断对临床治疗的指导价值。方法：回顾性分析２５例２０８个虫体的ＭＲＩ特点及病理学基础。结果：根据ＭＲＩ特征分为脑实质型（１８例）、蛛网膜型、脑室型、混合型（７例）４型和活虫期（１０６个虫体）、变性死亡早期（５７个虫体）、变性死亡后期（２３个虫体）、钙化期（２２个虫体）４期。结论：ＭＲＩ能反映脑囊虫病的病理学过程,其分型和分期诊断对临床合理治疗有着重要的指导意义。     

脑囊虫病的CT诊断(附60例报告)

目的：探讨脑囊虫病的CT表现及诊断价值。方法：回顾分析60例临床资料完整，并经实验室检查或临床随访证实的脑囊虫病的CT表现。结果：本组60例中，脑实质型39例；脑室型5例，并有不同程度的脑积水表现；脑膜型11例；混合型5例，各具不同的脑囊虫病CT表现。结论：CT诊断脑囊虫病，特别是发生钙化的脑囊虫病具有优势，结合病史及实验室检查一般可做出准确诊断。     

大囊型脑囊虫病的影像诊断

目的探讨脑囊虫病不典型表现,旨在提高对其认识。资料与方法搜集大囊型脑囊虫病18例进行回顾性分析。12例行CT检查,5例行MRI检查,1例同时接受CT和MRI检查。所有患者血和脑脊液酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、间接血凝试验(IHA)及囊虫皮试均2项以上阳性。结果18例中,单发囊性病变9例,多发9例,共发现45个囊性病灶;脑实质内30个,蛛网膜下腔11个,脑室系统4个。病灶呈圆形及类圆形,短径0．4～6．0cm,平均2．2cm,长径0．6～8．0cm,平均3．1cm。9个(20％)囊肿内可见头节。3个囊肿周围见水肿,9个(9／21,42．9％)囊肿或囊壁有强化。结论大囊型脑囊虫病,脑实质型、脑膜型、脑室型及混合型均可见,需与脑脓肿、蛛网膜囊肿、表皮样囊肿及各种原因所致的脑软化灶鉴别。     

脑囊虫病的MRI诊断

目的：评价脑囊虫病磁共振表现。材料和方法：对9例脑囊虫病MRI回顾性分析。结果：9例中7例可见明显的囊虫结节，1例合并右大脑中动脉闭塞，1例合并蛛网膜下腔囊虫。另2例中，1例表现为白质脱髓鞘改变，1例表现为两顶叶肉芽肿样改变。结论：脑囊虫病分四型、四期。四型包括脑实质型、脑室型、软脑膜型及混合型。四期包括存活期、退变期、坏死期及钙化期。脑实质型MRI较具特征性，可见典型的囊虫结节，即圆形或类圆形、大小约1～10毫米的囊性病灶，其内有偏心或附壁的囊虫头节。存活期囊虫结节MRI表现为囊液T1WI信号与CSF相同，大部分可见偏心或附壁的头节，无囊壁可见，无明显水肿。退变、坏死二期MRI难于区分，此时表现为囊液T1WI信号略高于CSF并随病程延长而信号逐渐增高，囊壁逐渐增厚，一般无头节可见，增强可表现为环状及结节状强化，周围水肿明显。钙化期CT比MR优越。     

MRI对脑囊虫病的诊断价值

近年来MRI的出现,使脑囊虫病的诊断水平明显提高。MRI对囊虫数量、囊内头节、虫体变性和囊周水肿的敏感性明显优于CT;可良好显示CT难以发现的脑室内及蛛网膜下腔囊虫,避免了某些创伤性检查;尤其MRI在囊虫感染的各个阶段均有特异性表现,能对该病进行明确的分期分型,对指导治疗有重要意义。但MRI对囊虫钙化的敏感性不如CT。     

单囊型脑囊虫病的MRI表现

目的:探讨MRI对单囊型脑囊虫病的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的单囊型脑囊虫病的MRI表现.结果:本组15例中7例位于脑实质,7例位于脑室,1例位于脑池;病灶形态尚规则,多呈圆形或类圆形(n=14),少数可见浅分叶(n=1);囊肿最大径为13～56mm,平均28mm;15例常规MRI平扫均呈长T1、长...     

多模态磁共振对早产儿脑损伤早期诊断的临床价值

目的 探讨多模态磁共振成像（MRI）成像技术在早产儿脑损伤早期诊断中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析本院58例早产儿脑损伤患儿的颅脑多模态MRI图像特征,包括常规平扫图像、扩散加权成像（DWI）及磁敏感加权成像（SWI）,并与临床诊断进行对照研究。结果 本组58例患儿中,出血性脑损伤18例,其中蛛网膜下腔出血7例,脑白质灶性出血8例,侧脑室周围出血并及脑室内积血1例,硬膜下血肿1例,蛛网膜下腔出血伴硬膜下血肿1例;缺血性脑损伤40例,其中局限性缺血性脑损伤22例,弥漫性缺血性脑损伤13例,脑室周围白质软化5例。58例早产儿脑损伤MRI影像诊断与临床诊断基本相符。结论 多模态MRI成像对早产儿脑损伤早期诊断具有重要临床价值。     

脑膜型囊虫病的磁共振成像诊断

目的探讨磁共振成像(MRI)对脑膜型囊虫病的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析经临床证实的21例脑膜型囊虫病的MRI表现特点。2l例均行MR平扫，7例同时行MR增强扫描。结果21例脑膜型囊虫病中，单纯性脑膜型囊虫8例(38．1％)，混合型13例(61．9％)。其中19例脑膜型囊虫多发，呈葡萄串状生长，2例单发，呈分叶状。囊虫发生于外侧裂9例，鞍上池6例，小脑桥脑角池4例，前纵裂池1例，同时发生于鞍上池与小脑桥脑角池1例。囊虫囊泡在T1WI上等于或稍高于脑脊液(CSF)信号，T2WI上等于CSF信号。囊泡壁在轴面T1WI上显示较为清楚，一般呈边缘光滑的细线样稍高信号影，增强后轻度强化；所有脑膜型囊虫内均未见头节显示。结论MRI是诊断脑膜型囊虫病的首选影像学检查方法。     

脑囊虫病MRI诊断

目的:探讨脑囊虫病的MR分型与分期标准。材料和方法:本组190例,男性119例,女性71例;平均年龄33岁。全部检查均在0.3T永磁体磁共振仪上进行,平扫222次;GD-DTPA增强98次。根据脑囊虫可以独立寄生的部位将其分为脑实质型、脑室型和蛛网膜下腔型,二型以上并存为混合型。依据脑囊虫在体内的病理过程将其分为存活期、退变死亡期和修复期。又根据修复期的不同表现将此期分为肉芽肿形成亚期(ⅢA期)、结节钙化亚期(ⅢB期)和斑痕形成亚期(ⅢC期),两期以上并存为混合期。结果:脑实质型160例(84.2％),脑室型13例(6.8％)和蛛网膜下腔型3例(1.6％),混合型14例(7.4％);各型中存活期24例(12.6％),退变死亡期66例(34.7％)和修复期55例(29.0％)(其中ⅢA期19例;ⅢB期21例;ⅢA B期10例;ⅢC期5例),混合期45例(23.7％)。结论:MR对脑囊虫病的分型与分期有可靠的诊断价值,正确的分型与分期可有效地指导临床治疗工作。     

不同病因致脑膜异常强化的MRI分析

目的：分析不同脑膜病变的MRI表现，探讨MRI对不同病因所致脑膜异常强化的诊断价值。资料与方法：对58例MR增强扫描显示脑膜异常强化的病例进行回顾性分析。结果：按脑膜强化方式分为：硬脑膜－蛛网膜强化21例，软脑膜－蛛网膜下腔强化37例。按病因不同分：感染性脑膜炎16例，脑梗死21例，脑膜癌病12例，硬膜下积液或血肿5例，开颅术后4例。结论：MRI增强扫描有助于显示脑膜病变，全面分析MRI表现及结合临床对鉴别不同病因的脑膜病变具有重要作用。     

Criteria for the diagnosis of epilepsy caused by cerebral cysticercosis in a population of recruits

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics as well as characteristic of paraclinical findings in epilepsia caused by cerebral cysticercosis in recruit population have been studied. The experimental group consisted of 50 recruits with epilepsia caused by cerebral cysticercosis and the control group consisted of 28 recruits with symptomatic epilepsia of other etiology. By correlation of all the results obtained the criteria for diagnosis of epilepsia caused by cerebral cysticercosis have been defined. The results were graded as reliable, probable and suspected. For diagnosis of epilepsia caused by cerebral cysticercosis the decisive factors have been the results of tests of indirect immunofluorescence to cysticercosis (IIF) and computerized tomography (CT) of the brain. Finally, some clinical signs and paraclinical findings have been grouped on the basis of which it can be established a reliable, probable or suspected diagnosis of the disease.     

MR Imaging in intramedullary cysticercosis

Although intramedullary spinal cord cysticercosis (IMC) is uncommon, its presence is being increasingly recognised by magnetic resonance imaging. We studied six patients from an endemic region and present the MRI features and clinical correlation of IMC. Six patients who presented with para- or quadriplegia were studied by contrast enhanced spinal MRI. Prompted by the spinal lesions, all patients underwent brain MRI. Clinical data and laboratory studies were reviewed in all patients. Definite diagnosis was established in the form of response to drug therapy (n = 4) and histopathology (n = 2). Follow-up MRI studies of spine and brain were obtained in four patients 2 months after they started medical treatment, regardless of surgery. Five patients showed fusiform and focal enlargement of the spinal cord (cervical 2, thoracic 3). Well-defined cysts with a slightly hyperintense mural nodule were identified in five patients in Ti-weighted images (T1WI). All cysts were hyperintense on T2WI and merged with the surrounding oedema. Oedema extended one to three vertebral levels above or below the cyst. Post-contrast T1WI showed well-defined, ring enhancing lesions with smooth walls in all patients. Symptoms in all patients correlated with the level of the lesions. Brain studies demonstrated lesions in just two patients. Histopathological confirmation was obtained in two patients. Follow-up spinal MRI was normal in two patients, following 2 months of treatment while residual and smaller lesions were seen in two patients. Two patients were asymptomatic and denied follow-up MRI. MRI of spinal cysticercosis were typical of and similar to those seen in cerebral lesions in our patients and corresponded to the level of symptoms. All cysts were surrounded by oedema. Two of four patients showed residual lesions after 2 months of therapy and 33 % of patients showed concomitant intracranial lesions.