半椎体切除术治疗先天性脊柱侧后弯畸形

目的分析一期后路半椎体切除治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的手术效果,并探讨手术固定融合节段方案的选择。方法回顾分析15例由半椎体引起侧后凸畸形的患儿,其中男9例,女6例,年龄3～17岁,平均13.5岁。均行后路半椎体切除、矫形内固定及情骨融合手术。结果随访15～68个月,平均40.5个月。术后矫形效果满意,侧凸畸形由术前平均45.3°改善至11.4°（矫正率达68.7%）;后凸畸形由术前的平均35.5°,矫正至11.4°（矫形率达67.9%）,远期矫形丢失率低,植骨融合良好,无内固定物断裂松动等并发症。结论一期后路半椎体切除、椎弓根钉棒系统矫形内固定和植骨融合手术,可以有效矫正青少年脊柱结构性侧后凸畸形。     

先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的手术治疗

目的 探讨半椎体切除后采用平移技术及悬梁臂技术治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸的有效性.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月~2010年1月于本院行手术治疗的先天性脊柱侧后凸患儿24例,男11例,女13例;年龄为6~14岁,平均10.3岁.均于全麻下接受半椎体切除联合内固定矫正脊柱侧后凸畸形,记录患者的手术时间、出血量,术后侧凸角和后凸角的矫正率及末次随访时丢失率.结果 所有患者均获随访,平均随访14个月,手术时间 （148±25） min,手术出血量 （760±85） mL.11例患者置入4对椎弓根螺钉,8例患者置入5对椎弓根螺钉,5例患者置入6对椎弓根螺钉,平均置入4.75对.侧凸Cobb角术前为52.7°±6.2°,术后为9.4°±2.3°,矫正率为82.2%,末次随访时为10.2°±1.2°,矫正丢失率为8.5%.后凸Cobb角术前为30.2°±5.3°,术后为7.2°±1.4°,矫正率为76.2%,末次随访时为7.7°±1.0°,矫正丢失率为6.9%.随访期间未发生内固定物相关并发症,无曲轴现象出现.结论 半椎体切除联合内固定矫形是治疗先天性脊柱侧凸的理想方法,应用平移及悬梁臂技术可显著矫正脊柱侧后凸畸形.     

前后路一期半椎体切除术矫治脊柱侧后凸

目的评价前后路一期半椎体切除术治疗完全分节的半椎体畸形所致先天性脊柱侧后凸的近期疗效。方法完全分节的半椎体畸形所致先天性脊柱侧后凸15例,男5例,女10例;年龄1.5～16岁,平均11.8岁。半椎体T41例,T51例,T61例,T103例,T112例,T121例,L21例,L33例,L41例,L51例。均行前后路一期半椎体切除,后路矫形固定融合术。内固定器械包括:CDH(M8)5例,TSRH3例,儿童TSRH1例,Isola1例,儿童Isola2例,MossMiami3例。通过术前、术后和随访时站立位全脊柱X线片测量冠状面和矢状面Cobb角、侧凸的顶椎偏移,并记录脊柱融合节段和融合情况。结果全部病例随访6～27个月,平均17个月。手术时间170～520min,平均395min。术中出血量180～1600ml,平均805ml。固定融合节段为2～9节椎体,平均4.3节。冠状面Cobb角由术前平均51.2°矫正至15.9°,矫正率为68.9%,随访中无明显丢失。后凸由术前平均31°矫正至16°,随访中无明显丢失。顶椎偏移由术前4.7mm矫正至1.9mm。围手术期并发症包括皮肤压疮1例,术中椎弓根切割1例。术后出现侧凸和后凸弧延长1例,无神经系统并发症。结论前后路一期半椎体切除术可直接去除致畸原因,最大程度地矫正完全分节的半椎体畸形所致的先天性脊柱侧后凸,早期手术可明显缩短融合范围。     

术中三维影像脊柱导航引导半椎体切除及椎弓根螺钉置入矫治儿童先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的:探讨术中实时三维影像脊柱导航引导下后路椎弓根螺钉置入及半椎体切除矫治儿童先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的临床疗效。方法:自2010年5月~2013年4月,对18例儿童先天性半椎体脊柱侧后凸畸形患者进行术中实时三维影像脊柱导航引导下进行脊柱矫形手术。其中,男7例,女11例,年龄7.6±2.9岁。术中在实时三维影像脊柱导航引导下经后路置入椎弓根螺钉并切除半椎体后进行矫形。术后通过CT评价椎弓根螺钉位置及半椎体切除情况,术前、术后摄脊柱正侧位X线片,评价矫形效果。结果:手术时间216±55min,术中出血量732±378ml。18例患者共置入椎弓根螺钉127枚(4~12枚/例)。术后CT证实124枚椎弓根螺钉位置准确,置钉准确率97.6%;1枚椎弓根螺钉穿破椎弓根内侧皮质,2枚椎弓根螺钉穿破椎弓根外侧皮质。1例出现椎弓根螺钉切割,1例出现血气胸,置入胸腔闭式引流。无神经损伤并发症病例,无螺钉误置而引起的并发症。术后CT证实18例患者半椎体均完整切除。18例中有16例获得随访,随访时间18.5±8.0个月。16例术前测量冠状面节段性侧凸Cobb角44.5°±11.4°,术后为9.3°±4.7°,末次随访时为9.7°±5.0°,矫正率为(78.2±7.8)%。节段性后凸Cobb角术前测量为32.2°±7.3°,术后为7.2°±3.5°,末次随访节时为7.7°±3.9°,矫正率为(76±9.4)%。侧凸及后凸矫正与术前相比均有统计学意义(P0.01)。末次随访时16例患者均获得骨性融合。结论:术中实时三维影像脊柱导航引导经后路矫治先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形半椎体切除完整,置入椎弓根螺钉准确率高,安全性高,畸形矫正效果满意。     

后路一期半椎体切除治疗先天性脊柱侧凸的疗效与并发症

目的评价后路一期半椎体切除椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗完全分节半椎体所致先天性脊柱侧后凸的临床效果。方法回顾性分析56例（女32例,男24例）接受手术治疗的半椎体所致先天性脊柱侧凸的患者。所有病例均行后路一期半椎体切除,均应用椎弓根螺钉技术进行固定,随访24～58个月,平均32.9个月。术前、术后及随访时均摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,对冠状面和矢状面Cobb角、躯干偏移进行测量分析。同时复习病历,统计手术时间、出血量以及并发症情况。结果手术时间120～365min,平均210min;术中出血量150～2100ml,平均812ml;固定椎体节段2～11个,平均5个。冠状面节段性侧凸Cobb角术前平均42.4°,术后11.5°,末次随访14.1°,矫形率为72.9%;节段性后凸Cobb角术前平均42.0°,术后12.6°,末次随访14.5°,矫形率为70.0%;躯干偏移术前平均16.2mm,术后14.8mm,末次随访8.0mm。术前存在神经症状的2例患者均得到良好的缓解。1例出现伤口延迟愈合;2例手术后出现椎弓根螺钉切割;2例出现断棒;1例术后出现交界性后凸。结论后路一期半椎体切除椎弓根螺钉固定可直接去除致畸因素,在冠状面和矢状面均可获得满意的矫形,同时可以获得脊髓的360°减压,可缩短时间、减少融合节段。但是对于年龄较小的患儿而言,内固定失败,主要是凸侧椎弓根骨折、螺钉的切割,需要引起充分的重视。     

后路半椎体切除术治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸的初步结果

目的评价后路半椎体切除术治疗完全分节半椎体所致先天性脊柱侧后凸的临床效果。方法回顾性分析施行后路半椎体切除术的先天性脊柱侧后凸18例患者的临床资料,男7例,女11例;手术时年龄1.5～18岁,平均11.3岁。半椎体均为侧后方半椎体,其中胸椎8例、腰椎10例。均行后路一期半椎体切除及矫形固定融合术。内固定器械包括CDH2例、TSRH2例、ISOLA8例、Moss-Miami6例。其中4例使用Meshcage椎间支撑融合。结果手术时间2.5～8.0h,平均5.5h;术中出血量150～2000ml,平均918ml,平均输血量850ml;固定节段2～8个椎体,平均3.7个椎体。术后随访6～24个月,平均13.5个月。站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片示冠状面Cobb角由术前平均42.11°矫正至14.25°,平均矫正率66.40%;矢状面Cobb角由术前49.30°矫正至14.12°,平均矫正率69.98%;顶椎偏移由术前26.94mm矫正至11.06mm。终末随访时冠状面Cobb角平均19.39°,丢失5.14°;矢状面Cobb角平均14.80°,无明显丢失。围手术期并发症包括伤口愈合不良1例,椎弓根切割需翻修1例,无神经系统并发症。结论后路半椎体切除可直接去除致畸因素,在冠状面和矢状面均可获得良好的矫形,与前后路手术相比,可缩短时间、减少创伤,适用于从胸段至腰段的半椎体畸形。     

前路半椎体切除截骨后路矫形固定治疗严重先天性脊柱侧凸

目的探讨分期前路半椎体切除截骨后路矫形手术治疗严重先天性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法严重先天性脊柱侧凸14例,男4例,女10例;年龄8～13岁,平均11.2岁。其中形成缺陷2例,分节缺陷6例,混合型6例。半椎体位于T53例,T2、T8、T10、T11、L1、L4各1例。胸弯12例,胸腰弯2例。术前冠状面Cobb角63°～95°,平均72.1°。胸椎后凸减小或前凸8例,胸腰段后凸4例。一期采用前路半椎体切除、多节段椎体间楔形截骨及分节不全松解;二期采用后路椎弓根钉棒系统三维矫形固定。前后路手术均植骨,平均截骨5.5个节段。结果一期前路术后冠状面Cobb角48°～60°,平均51.5°;矫正率19.6%～37.8%,平均28.6%。二期术后冠状面Cobb角5°～45°,平均30.5°;矫正率52.6%～87.5%,平均62.5%。8例存在胸椎后凸减小或前凸的患者均恢复生理性后凸,4例胸腰段后凸患者3例达到矢状面矫正。全部病例随访8～30个月,平均12.1个月。无断钉、断棒及明显的矫正度丢失,植骨融合良好。发生并发症2例,椎弓根钉帽松动1例,T1神经根激惹1例。结论一期前路半椎体切除、多节段椎体间楔形截骨、分节不全松解,二期后路矫形固定及前后路植骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸能够达到较满意的矫形效果,适合于8～12岁的青春期前患者。     

后路单侧经椎弓根半椎体截骨治疗青少年先天性脊柱侧凸

目的评估后路经椎弓根截骨矫形部分半椎体保留治疗先天性半椎体所致脊柱侧凸畸形的临床疗效。方法共18例先天性半椎体合并脊柱侧凸患者纳入随访研究,平均年龄16.17岁（14～21岁）,术前测量半椎体所致脊柱畸形的节段性主弯Cobb角45.39°±6.81°,头侧代偿弯Cobb角27.5°±2.71°,尾侧代偿弯Cobb角为26.44°±6.85°,顶椎偏距为4.28±0.58cm,节段性后/前凸角度为14.11°±18.07°。所有病例均采用后路一期经半椎体椎弓根截骨,双侧固定矫正侧凸畸形。随访时间为14.17±6.56个月。综合评估影像学、临床疗效以及并发症的情况。结果手术时间为2.82±0.74h,术中失血量317.22±65.15ml。术后节段性主弯Cobb角为11.33°±4.68°,矫正34.06°±7.88°,末次随访14.61°±4.96°;头侧代偿弯Cobb角为8.72°±1.44°,矫正18.78°±3.17°,末次随访18.78°±3.17°;尾侧代偿弯Cobb角为7.98°±1.82°,矫正18.47°±5.83°,末次随访18.47°±5.83°;节段性后/前凸角为-1.94°±12.35°,矫正14.94°±10.18°,末次随访-1.5°±12.67°。顶椎偏距的矫正为2.31±0.52cm,末次随访2.1±0.24cm。术中没有血管、神经损伤、骨折等重大并发症发生,术后没有发生冠状面和矢状面的失代偿。结论后路半椎体经椎弓根截骨矫形能有效矫正轻、中度先天性半椎体所致脊柱侧凸畸形,缩短手术时间,创伤小,减少术中失血量,矫形效果满意,所选病例骨骼发育相对成熟者,避免矫形丢失。     

一期后路经椎弓根半椎体切除节段固定治疗先天性胸腰椎侧后凸畸形

目的评价一期后路经椎弓根半椎体切除节段固定术治疗完全分节的胸腰椎半椎体畸形所致的先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的疗效。方法采用一期后路经椎弓根半椎体切除内固定矫形术治疗了12例完全分节的胸腰椎半椎体畸形所致的脊柱侧后凸畸形。其中男8例，女4例，年龄为7～17岁，平均11．3岁。观察并测量术前术后及随访时站立位脊柱X线片冠状面和矢状面Cobb角、侧凸的顶椎偏移。结果随访10～34个月，平均16个月。术后冠状面平均矫正64．1％，随访中无明显丢失。后凸由术前平均32。矫正至平均19°，随访中无明显丢失，顶椎偏移由术前平均4．5cm矫正至平均1．2cm。无脊髓损伤及切口感染等并发症。结论一期后路经椎弓根半椎体切除内固定矫形术是治疗完全分节的胸腰椎半椎体畸形所致的脊柱侧后凸畸形的有效方法。     

后路矫形固定融合治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的疗效分析

[目的]回顾性分析15例先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形经后路矫形植骨固定矫正术的治疗效果。[方法]2002年7月～2008年8月,先天性脊柱侧后凸患者15例,男8例,女7例;平均年龄11.6岁。术前拍摄站立位的脊柱正侧位X线片及左右Bending位X线片、CT及全脊柱MRI;其中,先天性半椎体11例,Chiari畸形/脊髓空洞症3例,神经纤维瘤病1例。侧凸Cobb’s角平均78°(35°～156°),后凸平均25°(15°～38°)。对于先天性半椎体引起脊柱侧后凸畸形的患者9例行后路经椎弓根半椎体切除、椎弓根螺钉(美国,史赛克)固定术,2例行后路长节段矫形卢氏环内固定融合术;对于Chiari畸形/脊髓空洞症的3例及神经纤维瘤病1例患者行后路长节段矫形代偿弯固定融合术。[结果]平均手术时间5.5h(3.5～7.5h);平均术中出血850ml(300～2100ml);平均随访43个月(10～82个月),术后侧凸平均28°(11°～38°),矫正率64%;术后后凸平均16°(7°～33°),矫正率36%,均骨性融合;1例神经纤维瘤病患者术中发生大出血,经大量输血后,病情平稳。长期随访发现内固定断裂3例,曲轴现象2例,但无其他术后并发症发生。[结论]先天性脊柱侧后突畸形是复杂的骨骼神经肌肉系统疾病,应针对不同的病因采用个体化治疗方案;其中,半椎体切除短节段椎弓根钉内固定植骨融合对先天性半椎体畸形是有效、安全的方法。     

One-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of 12 patients with congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra who underwent one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction by posterior segmental instrumentation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the surgical outcomes of 12 patients with hemivertebra treated by hemivertebra resection by single posterior approach and correction with segmental posterior instrumentation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Congenital scoliosis caused by hemivertebra causes extremely severe curves in some patients. Posterior fusion or posterior and anterior hemi-epiphysiodesis is performed to prevent progression of the deformity. The results of these procedures have been variable and not promising, especially in an adolescent patient with fixed kyphoscoliotic deformity. Hemivertebra resection offers more certain results and better correction of the deformity. To date, hemivertebra resection is performed by anterior and posterior approaches either by one-stage or two-stage operation. Few reports have been published describing a procedure consisting of one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction of the deformity by segmental posterior instrumentation. METHODS: A total of 12 patients with a single hemivertebra between the ages 8-24 years who underwent operative treatment were evaluated for a minimum of 2 years. All patients had a single nonincarcerated hemivertebra [T9 (1 patient), T10 (2), T11 (2), T12 (4), and L1 (3)]. After posterior hemivertebra resection, segmental posterior instrumentation was used for correction of the kyphoscoliotic deformity [CD (4 patients), Kaneda SR (2), and ISOLA (6)]. Radiographic evaluations were conducted on the preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up standing posteroanterior and lateral radiographs. RESULTS: All 12 patients had kyphoscoliotic deformity. Preoperative scoliosis averaging 49 degrees was corrected to 18 degrees (correction rate, 64%). Preoperative kyphosis of 40 degrees was corrected to 17 degrees of kyphosis. Trunk shift of 23 mm was improved to 3 mm. Correction loss was 2 degrees in the frontal plane and 3 degrees in the sagittal plane, and no patients showed more than 5 degrees of correction loss. No intraoperative complications were noted. Solid fusion was obtained in all patients, and no implant failure was verified at the final radiographic evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that correction of kyphoscoliosis caused by a single hemivertebra can be effectively conducted by one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and correction using segmental posterior instrumentation. The operation was safe, and no associated adverse complications were noted. This procedure is best indicated for adolescent patients with a structural kyphoscoliotic deformity caused by a thoracic or thoracolumbar single hemivertebra.     

经后路手术切除内固定矫正治疗先天性半椎体畸形

目的回顾性分析4例由先天性半椎体造成的脊柱侧弯和后凸畸形经后路一次半椎体切除植骨固定矫正术的手术治疗效果。方法4例患者，半椎体的位置均在胸腰段，手术采用后路切口，切除半椎体后，内固定矫正畸形，植骨融合，术后平均随访时间为12月，术前、术后拍摄站立位的脊柱正侧位片。结果所有患者均有不同程度的侧弯和后凸畸形，侧弯角由术前的34^o矫正至11^o，后凸角由术前18^o矫正至6^o，躯干位移从15mm恢复至5mm，无任何手术并发症，无内固定断裂脱落，均融合。结论此手术方法对患有半椎体导致先天性脊柱畸形的患儿是有效、安全的方法。     

经后路一次切除半椎体治疗先天脊柱畸形

目的　回顾性分析 9例由先天性半椎体造成的脊柱侧弯和后凸畸形经后路一次半椎体切除植骨固定矫正术的手术治疗效果。方法　 9例患者 ,半椎体的位置在胸腰段或腰椎 ,手术采用后路切口 ,切除半椎体后 ,内固定矫正畸形 ,植骨融合 ,术后平均随访时间为 2 0 .6月 ,术前、术后拍摄站立位的脊柱正侧位片。结果　所有患者均有不同程度的侧弯和后凸畸形 ,侧弯角由术前的 37.7°矫正至 10° ,后凸角由术前 30 .5°矫正至 6°,躯干位移从 2 3mm恢复至 5mm ,无任何手术并发症 ,无内固定断裂脱落 ,均融合。结论　此手术方法对发育前期的患儿且半椎体位于胸腰椎或腰椎造成的先天性脊柱畸形 ,是一有效、安全的方法。     

Dorsal resection of a thoracic hemivertebra in a 4-year-old boy with endochondral gigantism. A case report

The authors present what appears to be the first case of congenital kyphosis due to a T12 hemivertebra in a four-year-old boy with endochondral gigantism syndrome of unknown origin. Because of his overgrowth, the patient had severe medical and orthopaedic problems and was almost immobile. Prior to surgery, he experienced a rapidly progressive thoracolumbar kyphosis to 600 (T10-L2). MRI of the brain and spine showed critical protraction of the spinal cord and myelopathy from compression at T12. Single-stage posterior resection of the hemivertebra with spinal shortening and dorsal transpedicular instrumentation of T10-L2 was performed. Although the bone tissue was cartilaginous and dysplastic, 420 (30%) correction was achieved along with decompression of the spinal canal. The patient experienced no neurological impairment post-operatively. At follow-up examination 1.5 year after surgery, the patient's movement disorder had improved markedly and he was able to stand and walk. This very rare case demonstrates that single-stage posterior hemivertebra resection and transpedicular instrumentation for correction of congenital kyphosis can be a safe and effective procedure even in a very challenging case.     

后路半椎体全切术治疗青少年先天性脊柱侧凸畸形

目的：评价后路半椎体切除治疗青少年半椎体所致先天性脊柱侧凸的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2007-06-2011-0621例青少年半椎体畸形采用一期后路半椎体全切除术患者的临床资料,均行后路半椎体切除加植骨融合钉棒内固定术。结果冠状面主弯cobb角术前平均为40.3°,术后平均为15.4°,末次随访平均为16.3°,矫正率为61.7％;矢状面后凸cobb角术前平均为33.3°,术后平均为11.8°,末次随访平均为12.6°,矫正率为64.5％;局部侧凸cobb角术前平均为36.2°,术后平均为14.7°,末次随访平均为15.3°,矫正率为59.3％。结论后路半椎体切除可去除病因,同时矫正冠状位和矢状位畸形,是治疗青少年半椎体引起的先天性脊柱侧凸的有效方法。     

一期后路半椎切除治疗成人半椎畸形

目的探讨一期后路椎弓根螺钉固定、半椎切除、矫形、植骨融合治疗成人半椎畸形的临床疗效。方法 2008-03-2010-07,对11例半椎所致侧后凸畸形患者行一期后路椎弓根螺钉固定、半椎切除、矫形植骨融合术。患者年龄24~38岁,平均27岁,术后随访6个月~2年,平均14个月。通过术前、术后及随访时站立位脊柱正位和侧位X线片测量,评价冠状面及矢状面的矫形效果。结果平均手术时间220 min;术中平均失血量1400 ml。术后所有患者躯干平衡良好,均无感染及严重神经系统并发症发生。术后2周节段侧凸角矫正率85%,后凸角矫正率为80%。末次随访时侧凸及后凸矫形均无明显丢失。结论一期后路椎弓根螺钉固定、半椎切除、矫形植骨融合治疗成人半椎畸形可获得良好的矫形效果,建议半椎畸形患者早期接受手术治疗。     

前后路一期半椎体切除术治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸的中期随访

目的 评价前后路一期半椎体切除术治疗完全分节半椎体畸形所致先天性脊柱侧后凸畸形的2～6年随访结果.方法 2000年8月至2006年10月,收治完全分节半椎体畸形所致先天性脊柱侧后凸患者20例,男女各10例;年龄5～16岁.平均11.7岁.半椎体分布:T5 1例.T6 3例,T7 1例,T8 4例,T10 3例,T11 2例,T12 2例,L1 1例,L2 1例.L3 2例.均行前后路一期半椎体切除及后路矫形固定融合术.内同定器械包括:CDH 4例,TSRH 9例,儿章TSRH 2例,Isola 2例,儿章Isola 2例,MossMiami 1例.所有病例术前、术后和随访时均拍摄站立位全脊柱正、侧位X线片,测量冠状面和矢状面Cobb角及顶椎偏移.复习病历以记录围手术期并发症和远期并发症.结果 全部病例随访24～72个月,平均40.5个月.手术时间140～520min,平均315 min.术中出血量180～1600ml,平均798 ml.固定融合节段为2～9节,平均4.7节.冠状面Cobb角由术前平均61.7°矫正至18.3°,矫正率为70.3%;后凸由术前平均48.2°矫正至16.6°;顶椎偏移由术前3.7 cm矫正至1.9 cm.并发症包括:术中加压时椎弓根切割1例,代偿弯加重1例,曲轴失衡2例.结论 前后路一期半椎体切除术在冠状面和矢状面均可获得良好的矫形,中期随访疗效可靠;但对于骨龄小的患者,若阻滞范围不够,仍可发生曲轴失衡.     

The efficacy and complications of posterior hemivertebra resection

There have been several reports on hemivertebra resection via a posterior-only procedure. However, the number of reported cases is small, and various types of instrumentation have been used. In our study, we retrospectively investigated 56 consecutive cases of congenital scoliosis that were treated by posterior hemivertebra resection with transpedicular instrumentation. Radiographs were reviewed to determine the type and location of the hemivertebra, the coronal curve magnitude and the sagittal alignment pre-operatively, post-operatively and at the latest follow-up. Radiographs were also used to assess implant failure and inter-body fusion. Surgical reports and patient charts were reviewed to record any peri-operative complications. Fifty-eight posterior hemivertebrae resections from 56 patients aged 1.5–17 years with fully segmented non-incarcerated hemivertebra were evaluated. The average age at surgery was 9.9 years (1.5–17 years). The average follow-up was 32.9 months (24–58 months). The mean fusion level was 5.0 segments (2–11 segments). There was a mean improvement of 72.9% in the segmental scoliosis, from 42.4° before surgery to 12.3° at the time of the latest follow-up, and there was a mean improvement of 70% in segmental kyphosis from 42.0° to 14.5° over the same time period. The thoracic kyphosis (T5–T12) averaged 10.8° before surgery and 23.9° at the latest follow-up. The lumbar lordosis (L1–S1) averaged −52.8° before surgery and −51.6° at the latest follow-up. Two cases with neurological claudications had complete recovery immediately after the surgery. There was one case of delayed wound healing, two fractures of the pedicle at the instrumented level, two rod breakages and one proximal junction kyphosis that required revision. There were no neurological complications. Radiolucent gaps were found in the residual space after resection on the lateral view in five cases, without any sign of implant failure or correction loss. Our results show that one-stage posterior hemivertebra resection with transpedicular instrumentation can achieve excellent correction, 360° decompression and short fusion without neurological complications. Pedicle cutting still remains a challenge in younger children when using bisegmental instrumentation. In addition, the radiolucent gaps in the residual space require further investigation.     

Hemivertebra resection and scoliosis correction by a unilateral posterior approach using single rod and pedicle screw instrumentation in children under 5 years of age

Ten consecutive patients under 5 years of age with congenital scoliosis caused by single-level hemivertebra underwent hemivertebra resection and scoliosis correction by a unilateral posterior approach using single rod and pedicle screw instrumentation. The mean age at the time of surgery was 3.3 years. The mean correction of main curve, segmental curve, and segmental kyphotic angle was 65.9, 62.8, and 78.1%, respectively. The average follow-up duration was 3.5 years. All patients achieved solid fusion on the convex side. No patient required revision surgery. The results indicate that this therapeutic method is less traumatic, simple, and safe.