Distance Bicycling May Cause Ischemic Neuropathy of Penis

The cause of groin pain, common in kicking sports, is obvious when a patient suffers an acute muscle strain. However, a case study involving a 16-year-old male high school athlete demonstrates how gradual-onset groin pain can open up a multitude of orthopedic and nonorthopedic diagnostic possibilities including avulsion fracture, osteitis pubis, and inguinal hernia. Muscle strains usually resolve with RICE therapy and a focused rehabilitation program. Conservative treatment is also appropriate in the initial workup of inguinal canal weakness. Surgery may be needed to repair severely torn muscles or to correct an inguinal canal defect.     

Accidents in delta sailing

We interviewed a group of 259 deltasailors about their injuries which befell them in Switzerland during their sports activity. They reported on 257 incidents, 8% of which were contusions and 24% resulted in fractures. 70% of all injuries affected the arms or legs, whereas 30% were located on the head or trunk. An accident occurred far more often during the landing phase (72%) than at take-off (28%). The mean hospital stay was noticeably longer for injured women (15 days) than for men (8 days).     

The Federal Administrative Maximum Penitentiary, Florence, Colorado.

Policies for the control of dangerous and disruptive prisoners in European penal institutions depend upon social regimes managed by prison staff. These contrast with certain US regimes where there is increasing use of the incapacitation approach. This paper describes an incapacitation regime developed in the US Federal Administrative Maximum Penitentiary (ADX), Florence, Colorado which is complemented by an architectural design minimizing contact between prisoners and staff. This is reported to have been highly effective in controlling violent and predatory behaviour, escapes, drug-taking, and the influence of members of criminal gangs and notorious prisoners transferred to the ADX. Despite a shift of policy from therapeutic intervention towards deterrence of problem behaviour in prisons in some European countries, such as the UK, it is unlikely that such a regime would be acceptable in Europe.     

大连市道路交通事故流行病学分析

报告了１９９５～１９９６年大连市交通事故发生情况，并对车祸发生的原因及人群分布、地区分布和时间分布进行了分析。结果表明，在人－车－环境这三个车祸发生的环节中，人为的错误是引发车祸的主要因素     

沈大高速公路交通事故伤亡情况报告

目的 了解高速公路交通伤的基本特点。方法 采用流行病学调查方法收集１９９０￣１９９６年沈阳至大连高速公路交通事故所致１１６１例次伤亡的基本资料并进行分析。结果 交通伤以机械性损伤为主,但可发生烧伤及复合伤,单发伤５９１例,多发伤５２１例,随着创伤部位的增多死亡率明显增加。     

An epidemiologic investigation of homicides at Fort Carson, Colorado: summary of findings

In response to an apparent clustering of homicides at Fort Carson, Colorado, the U.S. Army Public Health Command (formerly the U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine) Behavioral and Social Health Outcomes Program conducted a multidisciplinary epidemiologic consultation to identify factors contributing to violent behavior among soldiers at Fort Carson. This article summarizes the findings of the epidemiologic consultation report as provided to the Secretary of the Army and the Fort Carson Senior Mission Commander and released in its entirety publicly July 2009 and elaborates on the mixed-methods analytic approach used to study a complex behavioral issue at the community level. To aid in answering the key study questions, six study arms were designed and carried out: (1) index case analysis, (2) confinee interviews, (3) analysis of installation-level trends, (4) retrospective cohort analysis, (5) soldier focus groups and interviews, and (6) aggression risk factors survey. Although not conclusive, the findings suggest a combination of individual, unit, and environmental factors converged to increase the risk of violent behaviors, which made clustering of negative outcomes more likely.     

沈大高速公路交通伤基本流行病学特点

目的了解沈阳至大连（简称沈大）高速公路交通伤的基本流行病学特点。方法采用流行病学调查方法收集交通事故原始数据，利用计算机技术统计分析。结果１９９０年１月～１９９６年１２月（７年间）沈大高速公路发生交通事故６０９起，累计伤亡１１６１人次，其中３７６人死亡。交通事故的频度呈波浪型逐年上升趋势，交通事故频度以及所致人员伤亡情况以夏秋季节（６～１１月）为高。在１天２４小时内的分布可能具有一定的差异，但１周内的星期一和周末高峰分布的特征不明显。高速公路交通事故地区性高峰分布的特点在本研究中得到证实。伤亡人群男女性别比为５∶１，２０～４９岁年龄组的累计构成比分别占伤亡人员总数的８５．９％和死亡人员的８１．４％。青壮年的死亡率低于全组的平均死亡率，１０岁以下和５０岁以上年龄组的死亡率明显高于全组的平均死亡率。结论高速公路交通事故有时间、地区分布的不均衡性，男性青壮年为发生概率的高危人群，但高龄受累人群的死亡率更高     

Hazards of mountain flying: crashes in the Colorado Rockies

Between 1964 and 1987, 232 airplanes crashed within 50 nautical miles of Aspen, CO; 90% were general aviation crashes. A total of 202 people died and 69 were seriously injured. The societal cost averaged more than $4 million annually. Most pilots were experienced and many were flight instructors, but 44% had flown less than 100 hours in the type of plane in which they crashed. Forty-one percent of the pilots were out-of-state residents. Crashes in the study area were more likely to be fatal than in the rest of Colorado. Airplanes with three or four occupants and low-powered four-seater aircraft were over-represented among crashes involving failure to outclimb rising terrain. In a subset of crashes examined for restraint use, 50% of the front seat occupants using only lap belts were killed, compared to 13% of those who also wore shoulder restraints. Preventive recommendations include shoulder restraint use and better training in mountain flying, with incentives provided by the FAA and insurance companies.     

沈大高速公路交通事故基本类型与原因及相互关系探讨

目的 通过对沈大高速公路交通事故基本类型，原因及相互关系的分析，探讨可能得到有铲控制的高危因素。方法 通过流行病学调查技术收集原始数据，采用计算机技术统计分析。结果 １９９０年１月－１９９６年１２月间发生浓式高速公路的６０９起交通事故归纳为１４种类型及１７种原因，１１６１人伤亡归纳为８种身份。     

车祸所致的颅脑损伤（附426例分析）

本文报告由车祸引起的颅脑损伤426例，并与同期非车祸所致的496例进行对比分析。分析表明，车祸所致颅脑损伤多较严重。且多为合并份，并发症亦多。随着交通事业的发展其发生率有逐渐增高的趋势，文章对其损伤的机理，临床特点以及诊断处理等问题进行了讨论。