眼附属器黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤形态及免疫表型研究

目的：探讨眼附属器黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤（ mucosa－associated lymphoid tissue,MALT）形态及免疫表型特点。方法：采用光镜观察和免疫组织化学分析MALT的形态学、细胞学、免疫表型的特点。结果：眼附属器MALT患者29例33眼中,Ⅰ期23例24眼,Ⅱ期6例9眼。29例33眼均以小淋巴细胞样瘤细胞为主,瘤细胞弥漫分布,体积小,大小较均一,细胞核略呈圆形,染色深,细胞质少,染色淡;29例CD20及CD79 a均（＋）,CD5（＋）2例, CD43（＋）3例;所有患者 CD45 RO、CyclinD1、CD10、CD23均为（－）。结论：眼附属器MALT主要以小淋巴细胞样瘤细胞浸润为主,散在分布中心细胞样细胞及单核样细胞,部分可见浆细胞及Russel、Dutcher小体。眼附属器MALT典型的免疫表型CD20（＋）、CD10（－）、CD5（－）、CD23（－）、CyclinD1（－）,少数患者CD5（＋）, CD5（＋）可能是眼附属器MALT预后不好的一个信号。     

眼附属器黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤的研究进展

黏膜相关淋巴组织（MALT）淋巴瘤是非霍奇金淋巴瘤中结外边缘带淋巴瘤（MZL）的一种特殊类型。眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤是眼眶恶性肿瘤中较常见的一种，可发生在结膜、泪腺、眼睑和眼眶。近年来，国外许多学者在MALT淋巴瘤的临床特点、病理形态学、免疫表型、分子遗传学及分子生物学方面对它的发生机制在基因水平有了新的认识。就国外对眼附属器MALT淋巴瘤的分子遗传学异常在肿瘤细胞内部信号转导通路中作用的研究做一综述。     

A tooth lesion in the eyelid in a Chinese infant: a rare case report

AIM: To investigate the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of primary ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (POAML). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 64 patients with POAML who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2006 to December 2018. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 61mo (range, 2-156mo), estimated overall survival (OS) rate and progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 10y reached 94.5% and 61.5%, respectively. Median OS time and PFS time were not reached. During this period, only 3 patients died, but none of them died directly of lymphoma progression. Transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was observed in 1 patient (1.6%). Of the 56 patients who achieved complete response after first-line treatment, 5 (8.9%) eventually developed local and/or systemic relapse. Patients ≥60y had significantly shorter PFS than younger patients (P=0.01). For patients with Ann Arbor stage I and stage II, radiotherapy dose lower than 32Gy were independently associated with shorter PFS in univariate analysis (P=0.04). Other factors including gender, bone marrow involvement, the initial location of the disease, and the laterality were not associated with PFS. CONCLUSION: The data from our center indicate that POAML has a slow clinical progression and has an excellent clinical outcome. POAML patients harbor a continuous risk of local and distant relapse, and transformation to aggressive lymphoma.     

Clinical features and treatment outcomes of primary ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a single center retrospective analysis of 64 patients in China

AIM: To investigate the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of primary ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (POAML). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 64 patients with POAML who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2006 to December 2018. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 61mo (range, 2-156mo), estimated overall survival (OS) rate and progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 10y reached 94.5% and 61.5%, respectively. Median OS time and PFS time were not reached. During this period, only 3 patients died, but none of them died directly due to disease progression. One patient (1.6%) developed transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Of the 56 patients achieved complete remission after first-line treatment, 5 (8.9%) developed local and/or systemic relapse eventually. Patients ≥60y had significantly shorter PFS than younger patients (P=0.01). For patients with early stages (Ann Arbor stage I and stage II), univariate analysis confirmed that radiotherapy dose lower than 32 Gy were independently associated with shorter PFS (P=0.04). Other factors including gender, bone marrow involvement, the initial location of the disease, and the laterality were not associated with PFS. CONCLUSION: The data from our center indicate that POAML has a slow clinical progression and has an excellent clinical outcome. Patients with POAML harbor a continual risk of relaps and transformation to aggressive subtype of lymphoma.     

Guiding function of positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

AIM: To explore the role of positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) examination in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML). METHODS: The general clinical data, postoperative PET-CT results, treatment regimens, and the prognosis of 21 histopathologically confirmed OAML patients between October 2017 and September 2021 were collected. Among the 21 patients, five patients underwent surgical treatment alone, 13 patients underwent surgical treatment combined with radiotherapy, and three patients underwent surgical treatment combined with chemotherapy. RESULTS: The follow-up period ranged from 8 to 79mo, with four cases of recurrence and no deaths. Through PET-CT examination, two patients exhibited both local ocular metabolic elevation and systemic metastasis, and one of these patients had cervical lymph node metastasis, while the other had submandibular and parotid gland metastasis. Nine patients showed only local ocular metabolic elevation, while 10 patients had no abnormal metabolic activity locally. CONCLUSION: PET-CT examination plays a crucial role in detecting residual lesions and recurrence following tumor resection, aiding in precise disease staging, and facilitating the development of personalized treatment plans, ultimately improving patient prognosis.     

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of visual cortex in a patient with cerebrovascular insufficiency

We compare the findings of functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the visual cortex in a patient with moyamoya disease with other neuro-imaging techniques. Automated static perimetry demonstrated a slight depression of the left visual field in both eyes. MRI of the brain showed diffuse atrophy of the right cerebral hemisphere, sparing the occipital lobe. Single-photon emission computed tomography showed relatively preserved perfusion to the right occipital lobe. Functional MRI during visual stimulation, however, demonstrated an apparent lack of activation of the right primary visual cortex, which did not correlate with the known retinotopic map of the visual cortex. The patient seems to have had a lack of reserved ability to respond to visual stimuli with maximal autoregulatory vasodilatation in the visual cortex, even though apparent morphologic change and dense visual field defects had not been observed.     

Removal of intraocular foreign body in anterior chamber angle with prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps

AIM: To introduce a novel approach in removal of anterior chamber angle foreign body (ACFB) using a prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps. METHODS: Data of 42 eyes of 42 patients who had undergone removal of ACFB using a prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps from January 2008 to October 2013 were collected and analyzed. Twenty eyes in group A received the conventional approach by using toothed forceps through corneal limbus incision, and 22 eyes in group B underwent the novel method through the opposite corneal limbus incision. RESULTS: The success rate of ACFB once removal was 75% (15/20) in group A, and 100% (22/22) in group B. The average operation time of group A was significantly longer compared with group B (34.9±9.88min vs 22.13±8.85min; P<0.05). The average size of corneal limbus incision in group A was significantly larger than that of group B (4.85±1.89 mm vs 3.95±1.17 mm; P<0.05). The corneal limbus incision suturing were conducted in all eyes in group A, and only 5 eyes in group B. CONCLUSION: Removal of ACFB using a prism contact lens and 23-gauge foreign body forceps is a safer, more effective, and convenient technique compared with the conventional approach.     

组织型谷氨酰胺转移酶在开角型青光眼患者房角组织的表达

目的探讨组织型谷氨酰胺转移酶(tissue transglu-taminase,tTG)在原发性开角型青光眼患者房角组织中的表达情况及其与闭角型青光眼患者和正常人眼房角组织中表达情况的比较。方法术中取青光眼患者房角组织,采用免疫组织化学染色方法观察开角型、闭角型青光眼患者及正常人房角组织内tTG的表达情况,用RT-PCR方法分析组织内tTG的表达水平。结果免疫组织化学及RT-PCR结果均显示,正常组与闭角型青光眼组房角tTG的表达差异并无显著性(分别为0.180±0.032,0.212±0.019,P>0.05),而正常组与开角型青光眼组、闭角型青光眼组与开角型青光眼组房角组织tTG的表达差异有极显著性(分别为0.180±0.032,0.325±0.052;0.212±0.019,0.325±0.052,P<0.01)。结论开角型青光眼房角组织tTG的表达增加,tTG的增加可能与开角型青光眼的发病有关。     

硝酸毛果芸香碱滴眼前后原发性闭角型青光眼前房角的变化

目的:研究原发性闭角型青光眼患者使用硝酸毛果芸香碱眼液前后前房角的变化。方法:诊断为原发性闭角型青光眼的患者47例68眼,使用前节OCT进行眼前节的测量,点用硝酸毛果芸香碱眼液前后比较房角开放距离(AOD)和小梁下-虹膜空间面积(TISA)等监测指标。结果:在上方的房角中,点用硝酸毛果芸香碱眼液前后AOD无显著差异(P>0.05),TISA差异显著(P<0.05),在下方的房角中,点用硝酸毛果芸香碱眼液前后各项差异均不显著(P>0.05)。结论:硝酸毛果芸香碱眼液对较窄的房角可以起到开放房角,改善小梁功能的作用。     

Choroidal effusion and shallowing of the anterior chamber after adjunctive therapy with latanoprost in a trabeculectomized patient with angle closure glaucoma

Purpose: Choroidal effusion and anterior chamber loss can occur in atrabeculectomized eye either spontaneously or following aqueous suppressantdrug use. Methods: A 50 year-old women with complaints of pain in theleft eye (LE) was diagnosed as angle closure glaucoma. She was treated medicallyand underwent bilateral laser iridotomy. Because of high intraocular pressure it wasdecided to perform trabeculectomy. During the follow up period, the bleb becameflat and after 3 months the IOP was again 24 mmHg with timolol maleate 0.5% anddorzolamide twice a day. Latanoprost was added to the therapy of the LE. Results:12 days later the patient returned with pain and vision loss in her LE. The anteriorchamber was diffusely narrow and ophthalmoscopy showed massive choroidal effusion.Conclusion: The possible mechanisms of this complication were discussed.     

原发性闭角型青光眼行超声乳化联合房角分离术后房角改变

目的:观察白内障超声乳化吸除并人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术治疗合并有白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼术前术后房角的改变。方法:回顾性分析合并有白内障的闭角型青光眼患者35例(37眼),其中前房角关闭范围≤180°者16眼,>180°者21眼,均在表面麻醉下行角巩膜隧道切口行白内障超声乳化吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术,对其手术前后的房角状态,眼压,中央前房深度,视力进行对照观察。结果:随访3～24mo术后房角状态与术前比有3眼大部分开放,余房角均开放,随访期内未见房角关闭及粘连范围扩大,末次随访平均眼压(14.3±4.1)mmHg,较术前用药后平均眼压(26.4±3.2)mmHg明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=5.86,P<0.01),中央前房深度由术前的(2.0±0.3)mm,增加到术后的(3.2±0.4)mm,视力除2眼有视神经萎缩外,余均有不同程度提高。结论:对于合并有白内障的闭角型青光眼的治疗,行白内障超声乳化吸除折叠式人工晶状体植入联合房角分离术治疗能有效地降低眼压,开放房角,加深前房,提高视力,与滤过性手术相比,手术并发症少,是有效且安全的手术方法。     

应用UBM观察闭角型青光眼合并白内障超声乳化后眼前节变化

目的 应用超声生物显微镜(UBM)观察原发性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者超声乳化联合人工品状体植入术前、后的眼前节结构变化及临床效果.方法 前瞻性系列病例研究.对合并有白内障的20例(24只眼)原发性闭角型青光眼患者行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶体植入术.术后随访6～23个月.记录术前及术后不同时间点最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、角膜内皮计数、抗青光眼药物数目及并发症情况.并分别于术前及术后6个月行UBM检查,测量前房深度(ACD)、房角开放距离500(AOD500)、小梁虹膜夹角(TIA)、房角隐窝面积(ARA)及小梁睫状体距离(TCPD).采用重复测量资料的方差分析、Wilcoxon秩和检验以及配对设计的t检验对数据进行统计分析.结果 24只眼术后1周、1个月、3个月及6个月的BCVA (0.83±0.25、0.85±0.19、0.84±0.20、0.81±0.21)分别与术前(0.42±0.21)相比,差异均有统计学意义(F=113.85,P=0.000);术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月及末次随访平均眼压[(13.88±3.64)mm Hg、(13.35±2.93)mm Hg、(13.32±3.02) mm Hg、(13.61±3.61) mm Hg和(13.53±3.58) mm Hg]均低于术前(16.03±4.27) mm Hg,其差异均有统计学意义(F =6.67,P=0.000).24只眼中,术后6个月时平均ACD、AOD500、TIA及ARA分别[ (3.32±0.75) mm、(0.23±0.13) mm、(24.93± 11.76)及(0.17±0.22) mm2]与术前[(1.90±0.84) mm、(0.11±0.13) mm、(11.61±11.42)及(0.07±0.08) mm2]相比,差异均有统计学意义(Z=-3.980,t =-3.43,t=-3.33,Z=-3.123,P=0.000,0.003,0.004,0.001);平均TCPD (0.79±0.15) mm与术前(0.77±0.22) mm相比,差异无统计学意义(t=-0.29,P=0.776).术后6个月平均角膜内皮计数(2189.75±518.21)个/mm2与术前(2405.46±624.42)个/mm2相比,差异无统计学意义(Z =1.907,P=0.057),平均抗青光眼药物由术前的(2.21±0.61)种降至术后的(0.25±0.61种),差异有统计学意义(Z =5.790,P=0.000).术后早期10只眼发生轻、中度角膜水肿,1只眼瞳孔区纤维渗出膜形成.结论 合并白内障的原发性闭角型青光眼患者行超声乳化白内障吸除联合人工晶体植入术,术后前房深度明显增加,房角解剖结构得到改善,房水流出通畅,能够起到有效降低眼压的作用.     

Stratus相干光断层扫描仪检测激光虹膜切开术前后的房角变化

目的探索Stratus相干光断层扫描仪(OCT)对闭角型青光眼眼前房角观察的方法。设计前瞻性病例系列。研究对象原发性闭角型青光眼患者38例(56眼)。方法利用Stratus OCT对早期原发性闭角型青光眼患者激光虹膜切开术前及术后4周的前房角进行形态学观察,用Photoshop软件对前房角开放的角度进行描绘和测量。主要指标房角开放角度,前房深度与角膜厚度比。结果Stratus OCT可用来显示眼前房角形态,获取清晰的图像。激光虹膜切开术术前、术后的房角开放角度分别为(15.67±5.33)度、(26.56±8.17)度(P=0.000);前房深度与角膜厚度的比值分别为(0.39±0.13)、(0.89 0.32)(P=0.000)。结论Stratus OCT可便捷地用于了解前房角的宽度改变,但对量化手段和标准需进一步完善。     

白内障手术对滤过术后的原发性闭角型青光眼前房深度和晶状体位置的影响

目的比较滤过术后晶状体混浊的原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)与单纯老年性白内障患者超声乳化白内障吸出联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术手术前后前房深度和晶状体位置的改变。设计比较性病例系列。研究对象小梁切除术后具有功能性滤过泡且未用药下眼压≤21 mm Hg的PACG患者16例(16眼)及年龄、性别匹配的单纯老年性白内障患者17例(17眼)。方法在超声乳化白内障吸出联合IOL植入术前及术后1周行眼前段相干光断层扫描(AS-OCT),比较PACG组和对照组手术前后的前房深度和晶状体位置参数。主要指标中央前房深度(ACD)、前房宽度(ACW)、晶状体厚度(LT)和晶状体矢高(CLR)。结果术前PACG组的ACD(1.74±0.33)mm较正常对照组(2.67±0.21)mm浅(t=-5.961,P=0.00),LT(5.38±0.44)mm和CLR(0.98±0.46)mm较正常对照组(分别为4.72±0.25 mm和0.51±0.17 mm)大(t=-3.707、3.028,P=0.00和0.04),两组间ACW比较无统计学差异(t=1.608,P=0.09);术后两组间的ACD(3.32±0.20 mm vs.3.65±0.40 mm)、ACW(11.12±0.42 mm vs.11.30±0.25 mm)和CLR(-0.60±0.14 mmvs.-0.56±0.29 mm)比较均无统计学差异(P均>0.05);手术后两组间ACD的平均增加值(1.58 mm vs.0.98 mm),CLR的平均减少值(1.58 mm vs.1.06 mm)有统计学差异(t=0.771、0.236,P=0.04、0.00)。结论滤过术后的PACG患者前房深度仍比正常人浅,晶状体较厚且位置靠前;行超声乳化吸出联合IOL植入术后可明显加深前房深度、改善前房拥挤的现象。     

康柏西普辅助小梁切除联合手术治疗前房角关闭期新生血管性青光眼

目的:分析康柏西普辅助小梁切除联合广泛视网膜光凝治疗前房角关闭期新生血管性青光眼的效果。方法:回顾性分析解放军第944医院2017年3月至2019年11月前房角关闭期新生血管性青光眼82例(82只眼)的临床资料。患者分为两组:观察组,43例(43只眼),行康柏西普玻璃体内注射辅助小梁切除联合广泛视网膜光凝术;对照组,39例(39只眼),行单纯小梁切除术联合广泛视网膜光凝术。观察两组手术后视力、眼压及手术并发症。术后随访6个月。结果:观察组视力提高率为13.95%(6/43),对照组为10.26%(4/39),差异有统计学意义(χ²=6.125,P=0.030)。两组患者术后眼压均下降,观察组眼压低于对照组(t=11.910,P<0.001),观察组总有效率高于对照组(χ²=8.510,P=0.003);观察组术后并发前房积血发生率低于对照组(χ²=6.125,P=0.001),两组均无眼内大出血、感染性眼内炎、巩膜坏死、视网膜脱离或睫状环阻塞性青光眼等严重并发症发生。结论:玻璃体内注射康柏西普辅助小梁切除术联合广泛视网膜光凝术治疗前房角关闭期新生血管性青光眼,效果确切,安全性好。     

医学影像学在诊断以眼部为首发表现的全身病中的作用

现代医学影像技术在诊断眼部疾病中发挥着重要作用,同时亦能通过眼部影像学表现推测病变是否源于颅内或是全身系统性疾病。良性颅内压增高多以视力损害为首发症状,眼眶或颅脑MRI征象中包括空蝶鞍（79%）、视神经周围蛛网膜下腔增宽（74%）、视乳头隆起（56%）等。MRI和CT检查可以及时发现视网膜母细胞瘤球外侵犯以及远处转移的病变,为临床治疗提供依据。MRI能够发现动眼神经麻痹的大多数（71%）病因,且病变位置均在核团所在脑干及动眼神经在颅内走行行程中,少数位于颅眶沟通的眶上裂区。以眼部表现为首发症状的IgG4相关性疾病具有双侧泪腺肿胀及多发眼外肌增粗等特征性的影像表现,治疗前后生长抑素受体SPECT/CT显像在判断疾病的活动性及疗效评价的定量研究中具有较大应用价值。（眼科, 2015, 24： 289-291）