内固定材料应用治疗肋骨骨折合并连枷胸的临床疗效观察

目的：观察聚左旋乳酸可吸收骨（刚子）及纯钛肋骨接骨板两种材料联合应用在多发性肋骨骨折合并连枷胸的临床效果,为临床治疗提供参考依据。方法选择2010年1月至2013年12月大同煤矿集团有限责任公司总医院收治的48例多发性肋骨骨折合并连枷胸患者,根据其骨折断端不同分为手术组与保守组各24例,手术组采取聚左旋乳酸可吸收骨（刚子）及纯钛肋骨接骨板两种材料联合进行固定,保守组采用常规措施。观察两组患者胸腔引流时间、住院时间、胸痛时间、机械通气时间及术后并发症发生情况等。结果手术组患者胸腔引流时间、住院时间、胸痛时间、机械通气时间及术后并发症发生情况显著优于保守组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论聚左旋乳酸可吸收骨（刚子）及纯钛肋骨接骨板两种材料联合应用在多发性肋骨骨折合并连枷胸术后效果较好,并发症少,且操作简便、固定牢靠,在临床中应根据实际情况联合应用。     

肋骨内固定术治疗创伤性连枷胸

目的 比较肋骨内固定术和外固定胸廓治疗创伤性连枷胸的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月至2009年6月收治的86例以创伤性连枷胸为主的多发伤病例的临床资料,分为内固定组和外固定组.内固定组45例,采用镍钛记忆合金环抱式接骨器内固定肋骨骨折;外固定组41例,采用外固定胸廓非手术保守治疗.比较2组的临床疗效.结果 内固定组患者胸壁畸形均消失,而外固定组中有19例患者遗留胸壁畸形.内固定组患者平均住院时间、平均住ICU时间和平均机械通气时间均短于外固定组[(15.1±1.8)d与(22.9±2.8)d,t=-15.724;(5.7±1.5)d与(14.4±2.9)d,t=-17.711;(3.9±1.5)d与(11.6 ±2.3)d,t=-17.256;P均＜0.01],内固定组患者呼吸系统并发症[包括肺部炎症或(和)肺不张或(和)呼吸功能衰竭]的发生率低于外固定组(35.6%与70.7%,x2=10.641,P＜0.01).出院3个月后,内固定组患者肺功能指标包括肺总量、用力肺活量、1秒钟用力呼气容积、呼气峰流量、75%肺活量最大呼气流量均高于外固定组[(89.5±3.1)%与(79.1±5.1)%,t=11.705;(80.2±2.8)%与(69.8±3.8)%,t=14.241;(74.8±4.4)%与(71.9±3.6)%,t=3.201;(82.8±4.4)%与(79.8±4.9)%,t=2.885;(68.2±2.2)%与(61.9±2.9)%,t=11.286;P均＜0.01].结论 肋骨内固定手术治疗创伤性连枷胸,可以迅速纠正畸形,稳定胸廓,消除反常呼吸,治疗过程顺利,缩短重症监护及住院时间,减少并发症,还可以减轻连枷胸对患者远期肺功能的影响.采用镍钛记忆合金环抱式接骨器内固定肋骨,手术简单、方便,疗效确切.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effects of rib internal fixation and thoracic external fixation in treatment of traumatic flail chest. Methods Eighty six cases of traumatic flail chest with multiple injuries,admitted to hospital from January 2006 to June 2009 ,were recruited into the study and divided into rib internal fixation and thoracic external fixation groups randomly. The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Rib internal fixations with Ti-Ni shape memory alloy embracing connector were performed in internal-fixation group(n = 45) and thoracic external fixations were performed in external-fixation group(n = 41). The outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results No patient in internal-fixation group developed chest wall deformity,while 19 patients in external-fixation group had chest wall deformity left. The mean times of hospital stay([ 15. 1 ± 1.8]d vs [22. 9 ±2. 8]d,t = - 15. 724,P ＜0. 01) ,ICU stay([5.7 ± 1.5]d vs [ 14. 4 ±2. 9]d,t =- 17.711, P ＜ 0. 01), and mechanical ventilation([ 3.9 ± 1.5 ] d vs [ 1 1.6 ± 2. 3 ] d, t = - 17. 256, P ＜ 0. 01),in internal-fixation group were significantly shorter than those in external-fixation group. The occurrence rate of respiratory complications (including pulmonary inflammation and (or) atelectasis and (or) respiratory failure)in internal-fixation group was significantly lower than those in external-fixation group(35.6% vs. 70. 7% ,x2 =10.641,P ＜ 0.01). Followed-up data of three months after discharge showed that the pulmonary function parameters, such as total lung capacity([ 89. 5 ± 3. 1 ] % vs. [ 79. 1 ± 5. 1 ] %, t = 11. 705, P ＜ 0. 01), forced vital capacity([ 80. 2 ± 2. 8 ] % vs. [ 69. 8 ± 3. 8 ] % ,t = 14. 241 ,P ＜0. 01) ,forced expiratory volume in the 1st second ([74.8 ±4.4]% vs. [71.9 ±3.6]% ,t =3.201,P ＜0.01),peak expiratory flow ([82.8 ±4.4]%vs. [79. 8 ±4. 9]% ,t =2. 885,P ＜0. 01) and forced expiratory flows at 75% of the vital capacity( [68.2 ±2. 2] % vs. [61.9 ± 2. 9 ]%, t = 11. 286; P ＜ 0. 01) were significantly higher in internal-fixation group than those in external-fixation group. Conclusion Rib internal fixation for traumatic flail chest can quickly correct chest wall deformity, stabilize thoracis and eliminate paradoxical chest wall movement. Patients accepted this treatment have a shorter therapy process during the intensive care unit and hospital stay, less pulmonary complications. They also show less long-term restrictive pulmonary functions impairment, when compared to the patients in the thoracic external fixation group. Rib internal fixation with Ti-Ni shape memory alloy embracing connector is a simple and effective therapy.     

连枷胸的治疗

连枷胸是一种严重的胸部损伤,常出现明显的呼吸困难,危及病人生命。我科自１９９１年１１月～１９９７年１２月诊治连枷胸２８例,全部治愈,现报告如下。１　资料与方法１１　一般资料　本组病人２８例,男２６例,女２例。年龄２４～５８岁,平均３８４岁。致伤原因为车祸、房屋倒蹋及坠落等。发生于左胸８例,右胸１６例,双侧胸部４例。全部病人均有肺挫伤及血胸（迟发性血胸１１例）,伴有气胸８例,胸腹联合伤脾破裂５例,肝破裂３例,膈肌破裂３例。Ｘ线检查肋骨分别是５～１１根３～５处骨折,平均每例骨折７５６根３８５…     

肋骨内固定术治疗创伤性连枷胸

Objective To compare the effects of rib internal fixation and thoracic external fixation in treatment of traumatic flail chest. Methods Eighty six cases of traumatic flail chest with multiple injuries,admitted to hospital from January 2006 to June 2009 ,were recruited into the study and divided into rib internal fixation and thoracic external fixation groups randomly. The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Rib internal fixations with Ti-Ni shape memory alloy embracing connector were performed in internal-fixation group(n = 45) and thoracic external fixations were performed in external-fixation group(n = 41). The outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results No patient in internal-fixation group developed chest wall deformity,while 19 patients in external-fixation group had chest wall deformity left. The mean times of hospital stay([ 15. 1 ± 1.8]d vs [22. 9 ±2. 8]d,t = - 15. 724,P ＜0. 01) ,ICU stay([5.7 ± 1.5]d vs [ 14. 4 ±2. 9]d,t =- 17.711, P ＜ 0. 01), and mechanical ventilation([ 3.9 ± 1.5 ] d vs [ 1 1.6 ± 2. 3 ] d, t = - 17. 256, P ＜ 0. 01),in internal-fixation group were significantly shorter than those in external-fixation group. The occurrence rate of respiratory complications (including pulmonary inflammation and (or) atelectasis and (or) respiratory failure)in internal-fixation group was significantly lower than those in external-fixation group(35.6% vs. 70. 7% ,x2 =10.641,P ＜ 0.01). Followed-up data of three months after discharge showed that the pulmonary function parameters, such as total lung capacity([ 89. 5 ± 3. 1 ] % vs. [ 79. 1 ± 5. 1 ] %, t = 11. 705, P ＜ 0. 01), forced vital capacity([ 80. 2 ± 2. 8 ] % vs. [ 69. 8 ± 3. 8 ] % ,t = 14. 241 ,P ＜0. 01) ,forced expiratory volume in the 1st second ([74.8 ±4.4]% vs. [71.9 ±3.6]% ,t =3.201,P ＜0.01),peak expiratory flow ([82.8 ±4.4]%vs. [79. 8 ±4. 9]% ,t =2. 885,P ＜0. 01) and forced expiratory flows at 75% of the vital capacity( [68.2 ±2. 2] % vs. [61.9 ± 2. 9 ]%, t = 11. 286; P ＜ 0. 01) were significantly higher in internal-fixation group than those in external-fixation group. Conclusion Rib internal fixation for traumatic flail chest can quickly correct chest wall deformity, stabilize thoracis and eliminate paradoxical chest wall movement. Patients accepted this treatment have a shorter therapy process during the intensive care unit and hospital stay, less pulmonary complications. They also show less long-term restrictive pulmonary functions impairment, when compared to the patients in the thoracic external fixation group. Rib internal fixation with Ti-Ni shape memory alloy embracing connector is a simple and effective therapy.     

血必净对连枷胸患者行肋骨内固定后合并肺挫伤的临床研究

研究连枷胸行肋骨内固定后合并肺挫伤患者采用血必净治疗的临床效果。临床纳入80例我院2014年5月~2016年5月收治的连枷胸患者,所有患者均行肋骨内固定手术并术后合并肺挫伤。将所有患者按入院顺序分为两组各40例。对照组采用机械通气并给与抗感染、祛痰止血等方式治疗,观察组在上述基础上给予血必净注射液治疗。观察两组患者治疗时间、肺损伤情况以及感染情况。观察组在ICU住院时间、胸管留置时间以及平均住院时间上均短于对照组,P0.05。术前及术后1d两组患者肺损伤评分无差异,P0.05;术后3d及7d,观察组肺损伤评分明显低于对照组,P0.05。观察组中发生肺部感染2例,占5.0%;对照组中发生肺部感染9例,占22.5%,观察组明显低于对照组,P0.05。血必净对连枷胸肋骨内固定术后合并肺挫伤患者有明显治疗作用,缩短患者住院时间、减少肺损伤,且有效促进抗感染效果,值得临床应用及推广。     

纯钛肋骨爪形接骨板治疗连枷胸32例

2009年10月~2012年5月我院32例创伤性连痂胸患者行纯钛肋骨爪形接骨板内固定手术并观察疗效。所有患者术后经1个月~2年随访,术后反常呼吸均消失,呼吸状况明显改善,内固定牢固,1年后大多数病人可恢复正常工作。大部分连痂胸患者均宜行肋骨切开复位内固定。在连痂胸内固定手术治疗时,选用纯钛肋骨爪形接骨板作为内固定材料具有手术操作简单快捷,固定可靠,无手术盲区等优点,是目前较为理想的内固定材料。     

记忆金属环抱器内固定术治疗创伤性连枷胸51例分析

目的评价记忆金属环抱器治疗多发性肋骨骨折的临床效果。方法对51例连枷胸患者应用记忆金属环抱器实施肋骨内固定手术,观察术后近期效果。结果术后胸廓形状恢复正常,反常呼吸消失,胸痛显著减轻,呼吸困难显著改善;肋骨骨折均达到解剖复位,平均住院时间明显缩短,2例术后切口积液、感染延期出院,术后1个月复查胸片,无一例肋骨骨折错位,无一例环抱接骨板松动移位。结论对于连枷胸应用记忆金属环抱器内固定治疗,手术简单、固定牢固、住院时间短、疗效显著,是一种值得推广的治疗方法。     

43例连枷胸患者行可吸收肋骨钉内固定术后的护理

总结了43例行可吸收肋骨钉内固定术治疗连枷胸患者的术后护理.术后护理重点为严密观察患者病情,保持呼吸道通畅,给予适当的止痛治疗,尽早加强呼吸功能恢复锻炼,尽早给予恰当的康复功能指导等措施,以减少术后并发症的发生,促进患者术后生活质量的改善.     

连枷胸合并肺挫伤的治疗

目的总结连枷胸合并肺挫伤的治疗经验。方法对我科2008年6月以来收治的23例严重胸部创伤致连枷胸合并肺挫伤患者的治疗过程进行回顾性分析。诊断明确后充分止痛,休克纠正后限制晶体补液量,增加胶体补液量,早期、短程、大量使用肾上腺皮质激素等综合救治措施;对连枷胸者采用手术内固定。结果全组23例全部治愈,肺部感染率13%(3/23),平均住院天数14.4 d,平均使用呼吸机天数3.5 d,患者对胸廓外观满意度95.7%(22/23),对术后呼吸功能满意度100%。术后6个月复查胸片见骨折线消失,未见内固定器松动或脱落,胸廓形态正常,患者活动自如。无死亡病例。结论对严重胸部创伤致连枷胸合并肺挫伤患者,适时恰当的手术内固定治疗可以降低病死率,缩短机械通气时间,减少相关并发症,加快康复速度。     

高原地区镍钛合金环抱器治疗连枷胸的护理体会

总结了高原地区镍钛合金环抱器治疗连枷胸患者的围手术期护理策略,指出术前应制定合理的心理护理方案,做好氧疗和术前准备;术后应加强呼吸道管理,早期下床活动,观察排斥反应。高原地区连枷胸患者早期应用镍钛合金肋骨环抱器行连枷胸内固定术,配合术前及术后有效的的护理措施能够促进患者早期呼吸功能恢复。     

可吸收螺钉治疗踝关节骨折

目的:总结可吸收性螺钉治疗踝关节骨折的疗效。方法:本院自1996年1月至2006年1月行可吸收螺钉固定治疗踝关节骨折126例,术后按照美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)后足评分系统进行功能随访。结果:随访121例170枚螺钉,随访4～120个月,平均38.4个月,优70例,良48例。术中有1例出现螺钉断裂,3例螺纹滑丝;手术后4例明显皮肤刺激,其中有1例患者术后6周外踝尖端出现局部溃疡,钉帽外露,细菌培养阴性,二次手术将螺钉帽截断,2周后伤口愈合,另外3例酒精湿敷后好转;有2例出现螺钉帽顶住皮下引起疼痛,半年后疼痛逐渐缓解。结论:可吸收螺钉治疗踝关节骨折固定效果确切,无需二次手术取出,并发症少。     

创伤性连枷胸的救治

目的 探讨创伤性连枷胸的抢救与治疗方法，提高治愈率。方法 回顾性分析78例连枷胸患者的临床资料，总结其救治方法。采用外固定与治疗肺挫伤并重，及时有效的气管切开和呼吸机支持治疗，防止并发症发生。结果 治愈76例，死亡2例，治愈率97．44％。气管切开32例，呼吸机支持呼吸44例。结论 对创伤性连枷胸患者进行及时有效的治疗、早期行气管切开度呼吸机支持呼吸，可防止急性呼吸窘迫综合征的发生，提高治愈率。     

胸腔镜辅助爪形钢板固定治疗伴有肺挫伤的连枷胸

目的探讨伴有肺挫伤的创伤性连枷胸外科内固定的治疗方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析本院2005年2月至2009年2月26例伴有肺挫伤的连枷胸患者资料,其中15例保守治疗,11例胸腔镜辅助爪形钢板手术内固定,比较两组需呼吸机通气支持率、机械通气时间、ICU时间、肺炎发生率、伤后第3天疼痛指数、病死率等指标。结果需呼吸机支持率手术组（27．3％）与保守组（26．7％）差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;机械通气时间手术组（4．45±0．37）d,保守组（14．33±0．50）d,手术组明显短于保守组（P〈0．01）;ICU住院时间手术组（6．09±0．37）d,保守组（20．20±0．98）d,手术组明显短于保守组（P〈0．01）;肺部感染发生率手术组18．2％,保守组73．3％,手术组明显低于保守组（P〈0．05）;病死率手术组9．1％,保守组13．3％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;疼痛指数手术组（4±1．9）,保守组（7±1．5）,手术组低于保守组（P〈0．05）。结论连枷胸肋骨骨折内固定可以迅速稳定胸壁、改善连枷胸对呼吸功能的影响,减少机械通气时间、ICU住院时间和肺部感染率,减轻疼痛程度,从而缩短病程。但是对病死率影响不大,对需要机械通气率亦影响不大。     

Memory alloy embracing fixator in treatment of multiple fractured ribs and flail chest

BACKGROUND:

With the development of internal fixation materials, simple operation with internal fixation has become a tendency. Ni-Ti shape memory alloy embracing fixator has such advantages as slight injury, easy operation, security, reliable fixation, and better histocompatibility. The present study was to explore curative effect and postoperative results of Ti-Ni shape memory alloy embracing fixator in patients with multiple fractured ribs and flail chest.

METHODS:

The curative effect and long-term follow-up results were observed after internal fixation with a shape memory alloy embracing fixator in patients with multiple fractured ribs and flail chest from January 2006 to December 2009.

RESULTS:

All patients were cured with an average hospital stay of 10.31±3.14 days. Post-operative pain was less severe than preoperative pain (P=0.02). The rate of postoperative complications such as atelectasis, pulmonary infection, etc was 17.65%. There were fewer long-term complications and less influence on daily work and life.

CONCLUSIONS:

It is practical to perform an operation for fracture of multiple ribs using a Ti-Ni shape memory alloy embracing fixator. The fixator, which is less traumatic, simple, safe, and reliable, has a good-histocompatibility and fewer postoperative complications.KEY WORDS: Multiple fractured ribs, Flail chest, Internal fixation, Postoperative evaluation     

连枷胸91例临床救治分析

目的 比较连枷胸的治疗方式和疗效的不同,探讨连枷胸救治经验。方法回顾性分析我院于1995年1月至2008年6月所收治的91例连枷胸患者的临床资料。结果按时期不同分为两组：2组中采取有创治疗措施增多;两不同时期组伤情严重度比较无差别,但1组死亡率（25％）明显高于2组（6.3％）（P〈0.05）;按治疗方式不同分为两组：有创治疗组伤情量化较保守治疗组重（P〈0.05）,而两组死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,且有创治疗组中残留胸廓畸形例数、肺不张发生率明显低于保守治疗组（P〈0.05）。结论 连枷胸积极的有创治疗效果优于保守治疗;提高连枷胸患者生存率的主要措施是早期稳定胸壁与治疗肺挫伤并重,保持呼吸道通畅,有效止痛,适时给予机械通气,预防和治疗呼吸功能不全和肺部感染。     

Surgical rib fixation for flail chest deformity improves liberation from mechanical ventilation

Purpose

The goal of this study was to determine the impact of surgical rib fixation (SRF) in a treatment protocol for severe blunt chest trauma.

Materials and methods

Patients with flail chest admitted between September 2009 and June 2010 to our level I trauma center who failed traditional management and underwent SRF were matched with an historical group. Outcome variables evaluated include age, injury severity score, intensive care unit length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, ventilator days, total number of rib fractures, and total number of segmental rib fractures.

Results

The 2 groups were similar in age, injury severity score, intensive care unit LOS, hospital LOS, total number of rib fractures, and total segmental rib fractures. The operative group demonstrated a significant reduction in total ventilator days as compared with the nonsurgical group (4.5 [0-30] vs 16.0 [4-40]; P = .040). Patients with SRF were permanently liberated from the ventilator within a median of 1.5 days (0-8 days).

Conclusions

Surgical rib fixation resulted in a significant decrease in ventilator days and may represent a novel approach to decreasing morbidity in flail chest patients when used as a rescue therapy in patients with declining pulmonary status. Larger studies are required to further identify these benefits.     

创伤性连枷胸48例临床治疗分析

目的探讨创伤性连枷胸的治疗方法。方法分析48例创伤性连枷胸患者机械通气后血气分析等各种参数的变化及手术治疗的疗效。结果 22例患者行机械通气24小时后动脉血氧分压(PaO2)、氧合指数(PaO2/FiO2)和脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2)均较治疗前明显改善(P0.001);手术治疗23例,ICU住院时间(3.39±2.29)天,肺部感染2例(8.70%),血管活性药物使用率17.39%(4/23);全组死亡2例,明显低于预测死亡风险。结论有创机械通气不仅能固定连枷胸,而且可有效改善氧合,与手术治疗有效结合,可显著改善连枷胸患者预后。     

多孔有机玻璃板外固定器治疗连枷胸的临床观察及护理

目的 :观察多孔有机玻璃板外固定器治疗连枷胸的临床效果。方法 :利用自制多孔有机玻璃板外固定器固定胸壁 13～ 17d。结果 :86例患者均治愈出院 ,住院 18d ,并发症少 ,胸廓无畸形。结论 :自制多孔有机玻璃板外固定器治疗连枷胸简便易行 ,方法安全可靠 ,疗效满意     

Methods of management of flail chest

We have treated 30 patients with flail chest, with priority given to associated factors (pain, secretions retention, hemo-/pneumothorax and underlying pulmonary contusion). When this treatment was insufficient IMV+PEEP was instituted; in this group there was a 58.8% incidence of pneumonia, 47.5% of sepsis and 11.7 days average stay in the ICU. These were significantly different when compared to the patients controlled without mechanical ventilatory support (7.7% pneumonia, 0% sepsis, 3.2 days).Surgical fixation was limited to 4 patients who presented with multiple and greatly displaced rib fractures, which made fixation by mechanical ventilation unpredictable.