磁声成像方法的研究进展

磁声成像技术（MAT）是电阻抗成像与超声成像相结合的一种方法。感应式磁声成像方法是将被测样本置于静磁场和交变磁场中,交变磁场在样本中产生涡流,涡流受到洛仑兹力作用而激发出超声波,通过检测超声信号重建电阻抗的分布。应用感应式磁声成像方法可以获得较高分辨率的图像和灵敏度,对临床辅助诊断具有重要意义。并在此基础上提出了无需旋转静磁场的感应式磁声成像方法。     

基于乳腺肿瘤模型的感应式磁声成像正问题研究

感应式磁声成像(MAT-MI)是一种融合磁感应技术和超声断层扫描技术的新型生物电阻抗成像方法,兼具电阻抗成像高对比度和超声断层扫描技术高空间分辨率的优点。本研究结合电磁场理论推导了MAT-MI在电导率均匀媒质内部和电导率发生突变的两种不同媒质分界面上的声源计算公式,揭示了MAT-MI声源与电导率的关系。模拟物理环境构建三维柱状线圈和乳腺肿瘤模型,借助有限元分析软件ANSYS进行时变电磁场分析,并应用电磁场有限元分析的结果,计算乳腺和肿瘤内部及边界的声激励源分布,应用自由空间波动方程格林函数解计算MAT-MI空间声场分布。仿真结果表明,所推导的计算公式能够直接应用电磁场有限元分析的结果,有效地计算乳腺肿瘤模型的声源和空间声场分布,MAT-MI将是乳腺肿瘤早期筛查、检测和诊断的一种潜在的和有效的医学辅助手段。     

生物感应式磁声成像的研究现状

生物感应式磁声(MAT-MI)成像是一种新型功能成像技术,融合电磁技术、超声技术和多物理场探测与成像技术,具有电阻抗成像的高对比度以及超声扫描成像的高空间分辨率的特点,能够反映生物组织的电导率变化信息,达到对病变组织进行早期诊断的目的。将MAT-MI与内窥检测技术相结合,则可直接检测生物腔体组织(如鼻腔、消化道以及血管等)病变的情况,为腔体组织疾病的诊断和治疗提供更及时可靠的依据。在分析MAT-MI的成像原理的基础上,对其正/逆问题的研究现状进行综述,并探讨内窥感应式磁声成像的可行性以及所面临的技术难点。     

基于时间反演方法的三维磁感应磁声成像电导率重建

磁感应磁声成像(MAT-MI)是一种融合磁感应技术和超声断层扫描技术的新型生物电阻抗成像方法,兼具电阻抗功能成像和超声技术高空间分辨率的优点.本研究构建三维柱状线圈和二层同心球模型以模拟成像物理环境,借助有限元软件ANSYS分析瞬态电磁场,并根据分析结果,进行MAT-MI正问题声场计算,应用时间反演法进行电导率的重建.仿真结果表明,MAT-MI能够较好重建生物组织的电导率分布.     

一维感应式磁共振电阻抗成像重建方法研究

对一维感应式的磁共振电阻抗成像技术进行原理性研究.针对同心圆盘模型推导了正问题的计算方法及逆问题的重建原理公式,通过仿真分析验证重建方法的正确性,并考察了该方法的抗噪性能.将为进一步研究感应式磁共振电阻抗成像技术的原理及实践提供理论基础.     

基于ANSYS的磁声耦合效应声源的分布建模与仿真

感应式磁声成像(MAT-MI)是一种近年来提出的新型生物电阻抗成像方法,在理论与实验方面仍有很多问题值得研究和探讨,本研究设计仿真实验分析磁声耦合效应产生声源的分布及特点.结合电磁场理论分析MAT-MI声源与电导率分布、激励磁场、静态磁场和感应电场的关系,基于有限元方法构建了三维霍姆赫兹线圈和双层导体立方体的仿真模型,...     

磁感应磁声成像技术原理与研究挑战

磁感应磁声成像技术是一种将电磁场、声场相互耦合进行电导率参数成像的方法,具有电阻抗成像技术高对比度和超声成像技术高分辨率的优点,是一种新型的组织电特性参数功能成像方法。本文介绍该成像技术的基本原理,对放在一恒强磁场中的生物组织施加脉冲磁场,生物组织中便有感应电流与洛伦兹力产生,于是生物组织发出声波,利用声波即可重建出组织的电导率分布图像。虽然磁感应磁声成像技术的研究取得了一定成绩,但还有许多理论和实验方面的内容亟待解决,仍处于初级研究阶段,同时指出了磁感应磁声成像技术研究面临的诸多挑战。     

基于不同几何模型的感应式磁声成像声源重建仿真

感应式磁声成像是一种新型功能成像技术,能够反映组织电导率变化信息.生物组织结构和电导率分布复杂,且电导率存在非突变的或者连续过渡的边界.为深入研究更为真实的生物组织电导率分布与变化特点,本研究从不规则的几何模型出发,建立了单线圈激励下的偏心球、正方体、椭球和电导率连续分布的球模型,借助有限元分析,研究仿真模型中的感应涡流分布并计算空间声场,应用时间反演法进行声源重建,同时分析了检测范围对重构图像的影响.仿真结果表明,感应式磁声成像能够有效地重构区分组织电特性的声源分布图像,探测器检测范围的有限性会使重构图像轮廓失真.本研究为感应式磁声成像实用技术的研究提供了较好的理论基础.     

开放式电阻抗成像基本原理和仿真实验研究

电阻抗成像技术作为一种新兴的功能性医学成像技术具有广阔的应用前景。除了成像的空间分辨率不高之外,当前研究中普遍针对封闭场域成像的模式也是电阻抗成像技术推广到临床应用的一个不可忽视的障碍。在分析封闭式电阻抗成像临床应用局限性的基础上,提出了开放式电阻抗成像的思想,依据这一思想构建的开放式电阻抗成像系统能对局部浅层的生物组织给出有价值的电阻抗分布信息。给出了开放式电阻抗成像电磁场边值问题的数学模型,提出了边界约束问题的处理方法,并进行了初步的仿真和实验研究。结果表明,当目标位于体表下较浅部位时,成像具有较好的分辨率和定位准确度。     

基于ANSYS的磁声耦合效应声源的分布建模与仿真

感应式磁声成像(MAT-MI)是一种近年来提出的新型生物电阻抗成像方法,在理论与实验方面仍有很多问题值得研究和探讨,本研究设计仿真实验分析磁声耦合效应产生声源的分布及特点。结合电磁场理论分析MAT-MI声源与电导率分布、激励磁场、静态磁场和感应电场的关系,基于有限元方法构建了三维霍姆赫兹线圈和双层导体立方体的仿真模型,借助有限元分析软件ANSYS进行时变电磁场有限元分析,得到不同电导率导体内部的感应电流分布及声源分布。并应用电磁场分析的结果得到感应涡电流分布及声源分布。仿真结果表明,均匀介质内部和两种不同电导率介质分界面上都存在MAT-MI声源,但感应涡电流密度和声源在电导率边界处变化较大。     

Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI)

We report our theoretical and experimental investigations on a new imaging modality, magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI). In MAT-MI, the sample is located in a static magnetic field and a time-varying (micros) magnetic field. The time-varying magnetic field induces an eddy current in the sample. Consequently, the sample will emit ultrasonic waves by the Lorentz force. The ultrasonic signals are collected around the object to reconstruct images related to the electrical impedance distribution in the sample. MAT-MI combines the good contrast of electrical impedance tomography with the good spatial resolution of sonography. MAT-MI has two unique features due to the solenoid nature of the induced electrical field. Firstly, MAT-MI could provide an explicit or simple quantitative reconstruction algorithm for the electrical impedance distribution. Secondly, it promises to eliminate the shielding effects of other imaging modalities in which the current is applied directly with electrodes. In the theoretical part, we provide formulae for both the forward and inverse problems of MAT-MI and estimate the signal amplitude in biological tissues. In the experimental part, the experimental setup and methods are introduced and the signals and the image of a metal object by means of MAT-MI are presented. The promising pilot experimental results suggest the feasibility of the proposed MAT-MI approach.     

Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) for breast tumor imaging: numerical modeling and simulation

Magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction (MAT-MI) was recently introduced as a noninvasive electrical conductivity imaging approach with high spatial resolution close to ultrasound imaging. In this study, we test the feasibility of the MAT-MI method for breast tumor imaging using numerical modeling and computer simulation. Using the finite element method, we have built three-dimensional numerical breast models with varieties of embedded tumors for this simulation study. In order to obtain an accurate and stable forward solution that does not have numerical errors caused by singular MAT-MI acoustic sources at conductivity boundaries, we first derive an integral forward method for calculating MAT-MI acoustic sources over the entire imaging volume. An inverse algorithm for reconstructing the MAT-MI acoustic source is also derived with spherical measurement aperture, which simulates a practical setup for breast imaging. With the numerical breast models, we have conducted computer simulations under different imaging parameter setups and all the results suggest that breast tumors that have large conductivity in contrast to the surrounding tissue as reported in the literature may be readily detected in the reconstructed MAT-MI images. In addition, our simulations also suggest that the sensitivity of imaging breast tumors using the presented MAT-MI setup depends more on the tumor location and the conductivity contrast between the tumor and its surrounding tissue than on the tumor size.     

基于声换能器特性的磁感应磁声成像正问题分析

目的在考虑声换能器特性的基础上,对磁感应磁声成像的正问题进行研究,并探讨其声源的产生、传播及接收机制。方法参考CT的三维Phantom仿真模型建立磁感应磁声成像正问题的模型,并结合电磁场理论利用有限元软件comsol仿真分析模型内部电导率分布与磁场和磁感应电场的关系,得到模型内部的磁感应电流分布。然后再深入研究声偶极子模型,并检测分析声换能器的特性后,给出相应的仿真声信号检测结果。结果磁感应电流密度在中心位置处为0,在电导率边界处变化较大,声换能器的检测声场分布和声偶极子传播的指向性会极大的影响声换能器接收到的磁声信号的值。结论为磁感应磁声成像实验研究及由声信号重建物体内部的电导率分布提供理论基础。     

生物电阻抗脑功能成像研究现状

生物电阻抗成像技术在脑功能和脑疾病检测与监护中具有潜在的应用价值,并且具有无创伤、功能性、价格低、操作简便等优点,是目前生物医学工程的研究热点。本文主要介绍了生物电阻抗成像技术在脑功能和脑疾病成像的研究现状,并着重讨论了EIT(electrical impedance tomography,生物电阻抗断层成像)、MIT(magnetic induction tomography,磁感应电阻抗成像)、MREIT(magnetic resonanceelectrical impedance tomography,磁共振电阻抗成像)、MAT-MI(magnetoacoustic tomography with magneticinduction,磁感应磁声成像)技术在成像过程中的区别及今后有待近一步解决的理论与技术难题。     

Image reconstruction of anisotropic conductivity tensor distribution in MREIT: computer simulation study

We describe a novel method of reconstructing images of an anisotropic conductivity tensor distribution inside an electrically conducting subject in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT). MREIT is a recent medical imaging technique combining electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to produce conductivity images with improved spatial resolution and accuracy. In MREIT, we inject electrical current into the subject through surface electrodes and measure the z-component Bz of the induced magnetic flux density using an MRI scanner. Here, we assume that z is the direction of the main magnetic field of the MRI scanner. Considering the fact that most biological tissues are known to have anisotropic conductivity values, the primary goal of MREIT should be the imaging of an anisotropic conductivity tensor distribution. However, up to now, all MREIT techniques have assumed an isotropic conductivity distribution in the image reconstruction problem to simplify the underlying mathematical theory. In this paper, we firstly formulate a new image reconstruction method of an anisotropic conductivity tensor distribution. We use the relationship between multiple injection currents and the corresponding induced Bz data. Simulation results show that the algorithm can successfully reconstruct images of anisotropic conductivity tensor distributions. While the results show the feasibility of the method, they also suggest a more careful design of data collection methods and data processing techniques compared with isotropic conductivity imaging.     

基于头部组织不同电导率特性的阻抗成像正问题仿真研究

目的 通过建立5层有限元真实头模型,研究了各层组织非均质和颅骨、脑白质各向异性电特性对电阻抗成像问题中电磁场分布的影响.方法 对头部各组织建立4种电导率分布模型:均质分布、非均质分布以及颅骨和脑白质各向异性电导率模型;通过正问题数值求解得到不同模型下的磁场分布和电场分布,并通过定量的统计分析研究非均质和各向异性电导率特...     

Numerical modeling of magnetic induction tomography using the impedance method

This article discusses the impedance method in the forward calculation in magnetic induction tomography (MIT). Magnetic field and eddy current distributions were obtained numerically for a sphere in the field of a coil and were compared with an analytical model. Additionally, numerical and experimental results for phase sensitivity in MIT were obtained and compared for a cylindrical object in a planar array of sensors. The results showed that the impedance method provides results that agree very well with reality in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 20 MHz and for low conductivity objects (10 S/m or less). This opens the possibility of using this numerical approach in image reconstruction in MIT.