腮腺Warthin瘤的CT及MRI表现

目的 :探讨腮腺Warthin瘤的CT及MRI表现特征,以提高对本病的诊断水平。方法 :回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的31例腮腺Warthin瘤患者的CT和MRI表现,分析病变的部位、大小、形态、数目、CT密度、MRI信号及强化特点。结果:31例患者共43个病灶,单发20例,多发11例;74.4%(32/43)的病灶位于腮腺浅叶后下极;95.3%(41/43)的病灶呈圆形或类圆形;90.7%(39/43)的病灶边缘清楚;33个病灶呈实性,10个呈囊实性。CT增强扫描呈均匀或不均匀强化,动脉期实性部分呈不同程度强化,CT值增加(42.3±17.1)HU;静脉期强化程度减低,CT值增加(25.4±9.8)HU。MRI平扫信号均匀或不均匀,T1WI呈等、稍低或稍高信号,脂肪抑制T2WI呈不均匀高信号或高、低混杂信号;增强扫描动脉期实性部分多呈明显强化(6个),静脉期强化程度减低。其中25个病灶内可见小血管通过或包绕。结论:腮腺Warthin瘤的CT和MRI表现有一定特征性,结合性别、年龄、病变部位,有助于术前作出定性诊断。     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT、MRI诊断及鉴别诊断

目的探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现特点,提高对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的24例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者的临床及CT、MRI表现。结果 24例腮腺腺淋巴瘤共发现37个肿瘤(单侧单发13例,单侧多发6例.双侧多发5例),其中30个(81.1%)位于腮腺浅叶和后下象限。肿瘤一般呈圆形、椭圆形或分叶状软组织肿块,边缘光整,密度均匀或不均匀,囊变区呈类圆形液性密度灶;T1WI呈低信号,T2WI及压脂T2WI呈低、高混杂信号,囊变区呈明显的T1WI低信号T2WI高信号。增强后表现为早期轻中度强化。结论腮腺腺淋巴瘤有一定的临床和影像特点.根据其发病年龄、性别、部位及影像学表现,有助于该病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

腮腺Warthin瘤CT、MRI诊断

目的：分析腮腺Warthin瘤CT、MRI影像学表现,探讨其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析经手术病理证实的17例腮腺Warthin瘤,其中CT检查8例,MRI检查9例,所有病例均做平扫及增强扫描。分析影像学表现中病灶数目、大小、形态、密度或信号改变,并与病理学对照。结果：17例病人中,男性16例,女性1例,年龄47～76岁,平均66岁,单侧病灶15例,双侧病灶2例,病理学上见25个病灶,影像学上诊断24个病灶,CT误诊1个直径0．5cm的病灶为小淋巴结。病灶大小：最大径0．5～5．6cm,平均直径2．7cm,呈圆形、椭圆形或不规则融合块,边界清楚,密度或信号均匀或不均;25个病灶中,21个病灶增强CT可见囊性低密度（11个）和增强MRI呈液性信号区（10个）,病理学上可见黏液变性或坏死灶。增强CT显示12个病灶实质区强化CT值平均上升35Hu,增强MRI显示10个病灶呈中度不均匀强化。结论：CT、MRI所见腮腺肿块主要表现为多灶性囊、实混合性病变,呈不均匀中度强化,结合病人年龄、性别和病变影像特点,有助于Warthin瘤的诊断。     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤磁共振成像的影像学表现

目的探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤(Warthin瘤)的磁共振成像(MRI)影像学表现,以提高术前诊断准确性。方法对手术病理证实的29例腮腺腺淋巴瘤的术前MRI图像进行回顾性分析。其中,男性27例,女性2例。年龄42~85岁,平均(62±8)岁。结果 29例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者中共发现54个肿瘤(单侧单发20例,单侧多发4例,双侧多发5例),其中36个(67%)位于腮腺浅叶和中下极,无单独发生于深叶的病灶。肿瘤一般呈类圆形、椭圆形或浅分叶状软组织结节或肿块,边缘光整、大部分可见包膜(50个),病灶小者信号较均匀、较大者信号混杂,T1WI大部分低信号,T2WI及压脂T2WI高低混杂信号、灶周及部分病灶内见留空血管影,增强后实质成分表现为较明显强化,且大部分早期强化、延时期减退。其中19例可见囊变,囊变区呈类圆形液性信号影,囊变区呈明显的T1WI低信号T2WI高信号。结论腮腺腺淋巴瘤有一定的临床和影像特点,根据其发病年龄、性别、部位及影像学表现,有助于该病的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

腺腺淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现特征

目的：探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤的,临床及CT、MRI表现特征。方法：回顾性分析经组织病理学证实的24例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者的临床及CT、MRI表现特点,着重观察其部位、大小、形态、边缘、CT密度或MRI信号、强化形式等。结果：24例均为中老年男性,20例有嗜烟史。24例CT和MRI共发现56个病灶,其中单发9例,多发15例。49个病灶位于腮腺浅叶,7个病灶跨叶,32个病灶位于腮腺浅叶后下极。病灶长径0．3～4．6cm,平均长径约2．9cm。53个病灶包膜完整,边缘清楚。30个病灶呈实性,26个呈囊实性,囊变区呈裂隙状或分隔状。实性部分CT表现为密度均匀肿块,增强多呈中度至明显强化。MRI平扫病灶信号均匀或不均匀,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号。增强多呈早期明显强化、延迟期强化减低。部分病灶可见血管包绕或小血管穿行,邻近下颌后静脉受压推移。结论：腮腺腺淋巴瘤的,临床和CT、MRI表现具有一定特征性,分析其CT和MRI表现并结合临床资料,可为诊断提供重要参考。     

腮腺Warthin瘤的磁共振成像表现及病理基础分析

目的探讨磁共振成像在腮腺Warthin瘤(腺淋巴瘤)诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法对2008年6月~2016年10月我院行MRI检查且手术确诊的38例腮腺Warthin瘤患者,结合完整的临床和影像学资料,回顾性分析MRI上肿瘤的信号、强化特点、部位、大小、形态、境界、轮廓、边缘及与邻近结构的关系,并与术后病理结果对照。结果本组38位患者,其中男性37位,女性1位,单发者17例,占比约46%,多发者21例,占比约54%,38位患者共有病灶69枚,其中呈实性者51例,占比约74%,囊变者18例,占比约26%。平扫T1WI多呈等或稍低信号,T2WI依据其成分及是否囊变可以稍低、等或高信号。69枚病灶中,增强扫描呈快进快出者63例,占比约91%,快进慢出者6例,占比约9%。MRI对病灶的定位诊断率约97%,诊断符合率约81%。结论腮腺Warthin瘤行磁共振检查特别是多期增强扫描,信号表现上有一定特异性,对腮腺肿块的鉴别诊断有重要意义。     

腮腺腺淋巴瘤的CT、MRI表现特征

【摘要】 目的：探讨腮腺腺淋巴瘤的临床及CT、MRI表现特征。方法：回顾性分析经组织病理学证实的24例腮腺腺淋巴瘤患者的临床及CT、MRI表现特点,着重观察其部位、大小、形态、边缘、CT密度或MRI信号、强化形式等。结果：24例均为中老年男性,20例有嗜烟史。24例CT和MRI共发现56个病灶,其中单发9例,多发15例。49个病灶位于腮腺浅叶,7个病灶跨叶,32个病灶位于腮腺浅叶后下极。病灶长径0.3～4.6cm,平均长径约2.9cm。53个病灶包膜完整,边缘清楚。30个病灶呈实性,26个呈囊实性,囊变区呈裂隙状或分隔状。实性部分CT表现为密度均匀肿块,增强多呈中度至明显强化。MRI平扫病灶信号均匀或不均匀,T1WI呈等或稍低信号,T2WI呈稍高信号。增强多呈早期明显强化、延迟期强化减低。部分病灶可见血管包绕或小血管穿行,邻近下颌后静脉受压推移。结论：腮腺腺淋巴瘤的临床和CT、MRI表现具有一定特征性,分析其CT和MRI表现并结合临床资料,可为诊断提供重要参考。     

中枢神经细胞瘤的影像学诊断

目的:探讨中枢神经细胞瘤(central neurocytoma,CNC)的CT和MRI表现特点,提高该病的影像诊断准确率。方法:回顾性分析9例经病理确诊的CNC的CT和MRI资料,研究本病影像学特点。结果:9例肿块均位于侧脑室内,呈类圆形或不规则分叶状,8例位于侧脑室前部透明隔区域,另1例位于侧脑室体部。CT平扫9例肿瘤实体部分2例为等密度,7例呈稍高密度,内部密度不均,3例同一病灶内见点、片状钙化及低密度囊变,1例单纯见钙化,不伴有囊变;2例单纯见低密度囊变,不伴有钙化。注射对比剂后,病灶呈轻、中度不均匀强化;MRI平扫,病灶多呈囊实性,信号不均,实性部分T1WI信号强度同脑实质,T2WI与脑实质相比呈等或稍高信号,增强扫描肿瘤实性部分明显强化,囊性部分呈"丝瓜瓤样"或"蜂窝状"改变。结论:CNC的CT和MRI表现有一定的特征,综合分析其临床和影像表现,能够提高诊断正确率。     

腮腺Warthin's瘤的MRI表现

目的 探讨腮腺Warthin's瘤的MRI特征,提高MRI对腮腺Warthin's瘤的诊断率.方法 回顾性分析本院2005年8月～2012年5月期间经手术及病理证实的有完整MRI影像学资料的13例腮腺Warthin's瘤患者共17个病灶的MRI影像学特征.13例患者中男性12例,女性1例,年龄38～82岁,中位年龄59岁.结果 13例患者中9例为单发病灶(9个病灶),4例为双侧病灶(8个病灶).17个病灶中,位于浅叶者14个,其中13个位于腮腺后下极者,同时累及浅叶深叶者3个,无单独发生于深叶的病灶;病灶直径1～4cm,平均2.25cm;16个病灶边界清楚,2个病灶有分叶、呈结节状,1个病灶边界欠清,病理证实为炎症浸润;16个病灶个病灶包膜完整,1个病灶因炎症浸润包膜显示不完整;与肌肉信号比较,T1 WI病灶呈等低信号,压脂T2 WI表现为明显高信号,其中3个病灶信号均匀,其余14个病灶内因含囊性区而信号明显不均匀;17个病灶内均未见钙化灶.增强后扫描,17个病灶均有明显强化,其中14个病灶内囊性区无强化,实质成分明显强化,其余3个病灶呈均匀强化;17个病灶均出现对比剂注射后2min明显强化,4～5.5min后肿瘤信号明显减低.结论 腮腺Warthin's瘤具有其特征性MRI影像学表现,如果长期吸烟史的中老年男性患者,腮腺出现长T1、长T2边界清楚的圆形或卵圆形、包膜完整的占位灶,瘤灶内出现囊变区,增强后扫描病灶早期强化明显,无延迟强化特征,特别是当出现双侧腮腺发病或一侧腮腺多发占位灶时,应首先考虑到Warthin's瘤的可能.     

腮腺少见肿瘤的影像学特点分析

目的探讨腮腺少见肿瘤的影像学特点。方法回顾性分析13例经手术病理证实腮腺少见肿瘤(淋巴上皮癌4例,肌上皮瘤3例,淋巴瘤及转移瘤各2例,恶性黑色素瘤及肌上皮癌各1例)的CT、MRI影像学表现。结果均为腮腺单侧发病,其中左侧9例,右侧6例。淋巴上皮癌位于腮腺浅叶,可累及深叶,以单发为主(3/4);沿腮腺浅叶铸形生长(3/4)可能具有一定特点;密度和信号均匀,增强轻、中度均匀强化。肌上皮瘤均为单发,位于腮腺浅叶,呈椭圆形,边缘清晰锐利,密度和信号均匀或不均匀,显著强化(2/3)可能具有提示作用。淋巴瘤具有一定特点,常表现为多发类圆形肿块(2/2),边缘光整,密度均匀,增强后中度强化,常伴颈部淋巴结肿大。恶性黑色素瘤MRI具有一定特点:T1WI呈多发结节状高信号,T2WI呈低信号;CT及MRI增强不具特点。肌上皮癌与腮腺常见恶性肿瘤相仿。转移瘤表现与原发肿瘤密切相关。结论腮腺上述少见肿瘤部分具有一定影像学特点,有助于鉴别诊断,确诊仍依靠组织病理学和免疫组化。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.