超前镇痛对全髋置换患者的应激反应及术后疼痛的影响

目的:观察超前硬膜外镇痛用于全髋置换患者的临床效果及对血中儿茶酚胺的影响。方法:选择40例拟行全髋置换的患者,随机分为超前镇痛组和对照组,每组20例。术前12h开始镇痛,实验组硬膜外导管输入0.2%罗哌卡因5ml/h;对照组输注0.9%的生理盐水。采用硬膜外麻醉,术毕开始硬膜外PCEA+PCA,药物为0.2%罗哌卡因5mg/h。记录局麻药用量、PCA的按压次数。采用100mm视觉模拟积分法,记录放置硬膜外管前、到手术室后、术毕、术后1、2、3、6、9、12、24h的VAS评分。用高效液相色谱法测定血浆去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、多巴胺(D)。结果:超前组和对照组在术后的罗哌卡因用量分别为288.13±38.20mg,384.67±67.44mg,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01)。对照组的PCA按压次数和杜冷丁的应用明显多于超前镇痛组。两组患者NE、E、DA在术毕显著高于术前(P<0.01),术后24h超前组NE、E显著低于对照组。两组均没有发生明显的局麻药毒副作用。结论:超前硬膜外镇痛用于全髋置换患者效果良好,且能有效抑制术后疼痛所致的应激反应。超前镇痛的时间选择应当引起关注。     

硬膜外超前镇痛对全髋置换手术患者血儿茶酚胺影响的特征

目的:观察超前硬膜外镇痛对全髋置换手术患者血儿茶酚胺的影响,评价其镇痛效果。方法:选择2004-06/2005-05经新乡医学院一附院骨外科检查确诊拟行全髋置换手术的患者40例。随机分为超前镇痛组和对照组,每组各20例。超前镇痛组硬膜外导管输入0.2%罗哌卡因5mL/h,对照组输注生理盐水。采用硬膜外麻醉,术毕开始病人自控硬膜外镇痛,药物为0.2%罗哌卡因5mL/h。记录局麻药用量、按压次数。采用100mm视觉模拟积分法,记录放置硬膜外导管前、到手术室后、术毕、术后1,2,3,6,9,12,24h的视觉模拟评分。用高效液相色谱法测定血浆去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、多巴胺。结果:所有病例手术中麻醉效果完善,40例患者均进入结果分析,中途无脱落。①两组术前的罗哌卡因用量差异显著[(140.37±38.20),0mg,P<0.01];与硬膜外穿刺前及对照组进手术室后比较,超前镇痛组进手术室后的视觉模拟评分降低显著[(32.15±9.51),(31.13±11.28),(96.26±4.86)分,P<0.01]。②对照组病人自控硬膜外镇痛的按压次数明显多于超前镇痛组[(38.36±12.30),(24.48±9.50)次,P<0.01];两组术后罗哌卡因用量差异显著[(288.13±38.20),(384.61±67.44)mg,P<0.01]。③两组患者去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素、多巴胺含量在术毕显著高于术前(P<0.01),术后24h超前镇痛组去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素显著低于对照组。两组均没有发生明显的局麻药毒副作用。结论:超前硬膜外镇痛能有效抑制术后儿茶酚胺的增高反应,用于髋关节置换患者的镇痛效果良好。     

长期慢性疼痛患者术前超前镇痛效果评估

目的:观察连续硬膜外阻滞用于长期慢性疼痛患者的超前镇痛效果,以及麻醉剂用量和副作用。方法:选择2004-06/2005-05新乡医学院一附院骨外科收治的40例拟行全髋置换手术的患者,随机分为超前镇痛组和对照组,每组20例。术前12h开始镇痛,超前镇痛组硬膜外导管输入2g/L罗哌卡因5mL/h;对照组输注生理盐水。术中采用硬膜外麻醉,术毕开始硬膜外硬膜外自控镇痛 自控镇痛,药物为2g/L罗哌卡因5mg/h。记录局麻药用量、自控镇痛的按压次数。采用100mm目测类比积分法,记录放置硬膜外管前、到达手术室后、手术完成时、术后1,2,3,6,9,12和24h的目测类比评分。通过分析麻醉剂的用量和目测类比评分,评估手术后的镇痛效果。结果:40例患者全部进入结果分析。①罗哌卡因用量:在术中超前镇痛组和对照组无差异(191.40±39.21),(191.96±43.31)mg,P>0.05],术后镇痛超前镇痛组显著少于对照组[(288.13±38.20),(384.61±67.44)mg,P=0.0013]。②自控镇痛按压次数:对照组明显多于超前镇痛组[(38.36±12.30),(24.48±9.50)次,P<0.01]。③对照组应用哌替啶7例,而超前镇痛组只有1例。④目测类比-评分:两组患者术后各时间点比较差异均不显著(P>0.05)。⑤两组均没有发生明显的局麻药毒副作用。结论:超前镇痛可减少长期慢性疼痛患者手术后的止痛药物用量,改善疼痛评分。超前镇痛的时间选择应当引起关注。     

长期慢性疼痛患者术前超前镇痛效果评估

目的：观察连续硬膜外阻滞用于长期慢性疼痛患者的超前镇痛效果。以及麻醉剂用量和副作用。 方法：选择2004—06／2005-05新乡医学院一附院骨外科收治的40例拟行全髋置换手术的患者，随机分为超前镇痛组和对照组，每组20例。术前12h开始镇痛，超前镇痛组硬膜外导管输入2g／L罗哌卡因5mL/h；对照组输注生理盐水。术中采用硬膜外麻醉，术毕开始硬膜外硬膜外自控镇痛＋自控镇痛，药物为2g／L罗哌卡因5mg／h。记录局麻药用量、自控镇痛的按压次数。采用100mm目测类比积分法，记录放置硬膜外管前、到达手术室后、手术完成时、术后1，2，3，6，9，12和24h的目测类比评分。通过分析麻醉剂的用量和目测类比评分，评估手术后的镇痛效果。 结果：40例患者全部进入结果分析。①罗哌卡因用量：在术中超前镇痛组和对照组无差异（191．40&;#177;39．21），（191．96&;#177;43．31）mg，P〉0．05]，术后镇痛超前镇痛组显著少于对照组[（288．13&;#177;8．20），（384．61&;#177;67．44）mg．P=0．0013]。②自控镇痛按压次数：对照组明显多于超前镇痛组[（38．36&;#177;12．30），（24．48&;#177;9．50）次，P〈0．01]。③对照组应用哌替啶7例，而超前镇痛组只有1例。④目测类比-评分：两组患者术后各时间点比较差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。⑤两组均没有发生明显的局麻药毒副作用。 结论：超前镇痛可减少长期慢性疼痛患者手术后的止痛药物用量，改善疼痛评分。超前镇痛的时间选择应当引起关注。     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对妇科术后自控硬膜外镇痛效果的影响

目的 探讨帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对妇科术后患者自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA)效果的影响.方法 90例择期妇科手术的患者随机分成三组,均采取硬膜外阻滞麻醉方式,Ⅰ组于切皮前10 min静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,Ⅱ组于手术结束时静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;Ⅲ组不应用帕瑞昔布钠.三组术毕均留置硬膜外导管以0.12%罗哌卡因行患者自控硬膜外镇痛(PCEA).记录术后4、8、12、24、48 h的VAS评分及术后48 h内罗哌卡因用量及不良反应.结果 Ⅰ组48 h镇痛满意度(8.3±2.1)、Ⅱ组镇痛满意度(7.2±1.8)明显高于Ⅲ组镇痛满意度(5.7±2.6)(P<0.05).Ⅰ组VAS评分分别为8 h(2.64±0.18)、12 h(1.33 ±0.52)、24 h(1.08±0.57),明显低于Ⅲ组8 h(4.65±0.54)、12 h(3.86±0.77)、24 h(3.09±0.67)(P<0.05)三个时点的VAS评分.Ⅲ组有效按压次数(9.69±8.68)明显高于Ⅰ组(5.56±6.34)(P<0.05);Ⅲ组实际按压次数(18.36±12.59)明显多于Ⅰ组的实际按压次数(11.67±15.16)(P<0.05).Ⅲ组罗哌卡因总用药量(239.78±19.31)明显高于Ⅰ组(187.46±22.59)和Ⅱ组(209.39±19.12)(P<0.05)的用药量.Ⅲ组患者恶心、呕吐发生率明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05).结论 帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛在一定程度上能提高妇科术后患者硬膜外自控镇痛效果,并减少硬膜外自控镇痛期间局麻药的用量.     

舒芬太尼对老年患者再手术后罗哌卡因硬膜外镇痛效果的影响

目的:观察舒芬太尼对老年患者再手术后罗哌卡因硬膜外自控镇痛效果的影响.方法:选择65岁以上再次经硬膜外麻醉下行下腹部或全髋关节置换术的老年患者50例,随机均分为S、C两组,手术结束后行硬膜外自拉镇痛.S组镇痛液为0.12%罗哌卡因100 mL+舒芬太尼50μg,C组为0.12%罗哌卡因100 mL+生理盐水1 mL,两组均加托烷司琼2mg.负荷量4 mL,输注速度2 mL/h,自控0.5 mL/次,锁定时间15 min.记录术后4、8、12、24和48 h Bs-11及Ramsay评分,PcA按压总次数和有效次数,罗哌卡因用量和不良反应.结果:S组术后4、8、12、24和48 h BS-11评分、PCA按压总次数和有效次数及48 h内罗哌卡因用量均少于C组(P<0.05或P<0.01),两组不良反应的差异无统计学意义.结论:舒芬太尼复合0.12%罗哌卡因用于老年患者再次经硬膜外麻醉后行PCEA可增强罗哌卡因镇痛效果,减少罗哌卡因用量.舒芬太尼推荐剂量为0.5μg/mL.     

硬膜外罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因用于子宫切除术后镇痛的比较

目的:比较硬膜外罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因用于子宫切除术后镇痛的镇痛效应及其不良反应.方法:妇科手术ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅱ级择期行腹式全子宫切除术的病人70例,随机分为两组,罗哌卡因组(R组)和左旋布比 卡因组(L组),每组35例.术毕采用持续硬膜外术后镇痛,R组首剂为吗啡2 mg加0.2%罗哌卡因10 mL,L组首剂为吗啡2 mg加0.2%左旋布比卡因10mL,硬膜外自控镇痛(PCA),R组为吗啡4mg加0.2%罗哌卡因50 mL,L组为吗啡4 mg加0.2%左旋布比卡因50 mL,每小时1 mL,锁定时间为30min,每次为2 mL.观察镇痛效果及其不良反应,同时监测平均动脉血压(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、脉搏血氧饱和度(SpO2).结果:术后两组70例病人均获得了良好的镇痛效果,术后24 h视觉模拟评分L组略低,两组48 h吗啡需求量分别为(3.2±0.6)mg和(3.4±0.7)mg,下肢运动完全恢复时间L组长于R组,术后4 h的Bromage评分分别为1.4±0.7和1.2±0.8.MAP、HR、RR、SpO2两组无明显差异,无明显的呼吸抑制,恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒、尿潴留、肠麻痹发生率相似.结论:硬膜外罗哌卡因与左旋布比卡因用于子宫切除术后镇痛的镇痛效果满意,同等浓度的左旋布比卡因阻滞效果比罗哌卡因强.     

病人自控硬膜外镇痛与静脉镇痛用于全髋置换术的比较

目的比较老年病人全髋置换术术后自控硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）与自控静脉镇痛（PCIA）的效果和不良反应。方法选择48例美国麻醉学会分级（ASA）I-Ⅲ级,择期硬膜外麻醉下行全髋置换术的老年病人,术后分别行PCEA（E组）和PCIA（I组）。PCEA药物用1.25mg／ml的罗哌卡因,镇痛泵参数设置为基础量3ml／h、自控给药量（PCA量）5ml、锁定时间30min。PCIA药物用10μg／ml的芬太尼,泵参数为基础量2ml／h、PCA量3ml、锁定时间15min。观察术后48h的镇痛效果和不良反应情况。结果两组术后视觉模拟评分法（VAS）均低于3,术毕初始12h内PCEA提供更低的VAS（P〈0.05）,24-48h两组VAS差异无显著性。术后PCEA病人的低血压、下肢麻木及硬膜外导管脱落的发生率显著高于I组（P〈0.05）。恶心、呕吐、谵妄、皮肤瘙瘁等发生率两组相似。结论老年病人全髋置换术术后病人自控硬膜外镇痛的效果优于自控静脉镇痛,但镇痛管理较为困难。     

纳布啡联合罗哌卡因对产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛的影响

目的 探讨硬膜外纳布啡联合罗哌卡因对产妇硬膜外分娩镇痛的影响。方法 选取2019年2月至2021年2月在该院进行分娩镇痛的产妇80例,依照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组接受舒芬太尼联合罗哌卡因自控硬膜外镇痛,观察组接受纳布啡联合罗哌卡因自控硬膜外镇痛。比较两组镇痛起效时间、首次应用患者自控镇痛(PCA)时间、PCA按压次数、罗哌卡因消耗量及两组不同时间镇痛效果、生命体征及首次泌乳时间、出血量、不良反应的发生情况。结果 观察组镇痛起效时间、首次应用PCA时间短于对照组,PCA按压次数、罗哌卡因消耗量多于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T3时观察组视觉模拟评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与T0～T4时比,T5时两组脉搏血氧饱和度水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组首次泌乳时间、出血量、不良反应与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 纳布啡联合罗哌卡因在分娩硬膜外镇痛中起效时间快,可延长PCA时间,安全可靠,但宫口全开时疼痛剧烈,麻醉药物消耗量大。     

盐酸丁丙诺啡复合布比卡因用于老年患者术后硬膜外自控镇痛的疗效观察

[目的]观察丁丙诺啡复合布比卡因用于老年患者术后硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)的疗效及不良反应.[方法]70～85岁膀胱癌或前列腺增生患者60例,随机分为A、B、C三组,术毕均采用硬膜外自控镇痛,其中A组配方为吗啡5 mg 0.75%布比卡因15 mL 0.9%氯化钠溶液稀释至100 mL,B组、C组分别将吗啡改为丁丙诺啡0.45 mg或0.3 mg.观察术毕(t1)、术后3 h(t2)、6 h(t3)、12 h(t4)、24 h(t5)、拔除PCA时(t6)的心率(HR),平均动脉压(MAP),血氧饱和度(SpO2);视觉模拟评分(VAS),Ramsay镇静评分(RSS);t1～t6 PCA按压次数及总用量;不良反应.[结果]三组HR、MAP、SpOz及VAS无明显差别;A组患者RSS在t3、t4高于术毕,且从t3～t6 B,C两组明显低于A组,C组明显低于术毕(P＜0.01);PCA按压次数C组明显多于B和A组(P＜0.01),总用药量C组＞B组＞A组(P＜0.01);A组有较多的恶心呕吐病例(P＜0.01),有4例患者出现嗜睡现象(P＜0.05),但无明显呼吸抑制.[结论]丁丙诺啡复合布比卡因能安全有效用于老年患者术后PCEA,其中以丁丙诺啡0.45 mg配方较为适宜.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.