Whiteness difference thresholds in dentistry

Objective

To determine the visual whiteness thresholds for esthetic dentistry using the whiteness index for dentistry based on CIELAB color space (WI_D).

Antibiotic prophylaxis in dentistry and oral surgery: use and misuse

Introduction : Antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) still represents a common but often misused procedure in dental practice, thus aggravating the risk for antimicrobial resistance and adverse effects occurrence. Aims and methods : Our primary objective is to review the available scientific evidence regarding AP in dentistry both among healthy subjects and medically compromised patients. Additionally, the latest available guidelines provided by some of the most authoritative associations are here discussed. Results and conclusions : AP is advisable only in a small percentage of patients where a risk of severe infective complications (i.e. infective endocarditis and prosthetic joint infection, septicaemia in severely immuno‐compromised patients, bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw) exists. On the contrary, little or no scientific evidence exists for AP in subjects with other systemic diseases as well as in healthy individuals. This pioneering recommendation is strongly evidence‐based, since a consistent association between any dental procedure and the development of local and distant infective complications is still lacking. In addition, the daily bacteraemia secondary to routine habits has been thought to be robustly associated with a greater risk of systemic disease bacterial‐related than a single dental procedure exposure. Compliance of general dental or family practitioners to the current recommendations seems not to be optimal, thus, efforts to improve it should be planned and undertaken.     

Comparison of two early loading protocols in full arch reconstructions in the edentulous maxilla using the Cresco prosthetic system: a three-arm parallel group randomized-controlled trial

Objectives: Appraise the feasibility of interchanging conventional components of a fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) with those of Cresco in two different early loading protocols. Material and methods: In five centers patients with an edentulous, fully healed maxilla were recruited to partake in a three‐arm blinded randomized‐controlled trial (RCT). Each patient received 5/6 implants using a single‐stage surgery approach to support a 10/12‐unit FDP. The implants used were SLA solid screw two‐part implants. In test groups 1 and 2 components from Cresco were used and the implants loaded 10 days or 6–8 weeks post‐implant placement. Group 3 received their FDP fabricated with conventional components 6–8 weeks post‐implant placement. Patients were followed up 3 years. Results: Of 36 patients, 30 remained after 3 years. The adjusted means and ranges of changes in crestal bone levels were ?0.65, ?0.5 and ?0.4 mm in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The change from baseline was statistically significant in all treatment groups. Adjusting for the difference in implant depth, there was an expected additional change in bone level of ?0.29 mm by each 1 mm the implant was placed deeper. There was no significant difference between the 6‐8 weeks post‐implant placement loading Cresco group vs. the control group or between the two Cresco groups. Conclusions: The vertical placement has more effect on bone loss than the fabrication technique used for the suprastructure and whether the implants were loaded after 10 days vs. 6–8 weeks. To cite this article :
Jokstad A, Ellner S, Gussgard A. Comparison of two early loading protocols in full arch reconstructions in the edentulous maxilla using the Cresco prosthetic system: a three‐arm parallel group randomized‐controlled trial.
Clin. Oral Impl. Res. 22 , 2011; 455–463.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐0501.2010.02156.x     

Finite element analysis in implant dentistry: State of the art and future directions

ObjectiveTo discuss the state of the art of Finite Element (FE) modeling in implant dentistry, to highlight the principal features and the current limitations, and giving recommendations to pave the way for future studies.MethodsThe articles’ search was performed through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar using specific keywords. The articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, after title, abstract and full-text evaluation. A total of 147 studies were included in this review.ResultsTo date, the FE analysis of the bone-dental implant system has been investigated by analyzing several types of implants; modeling only a portion of bone considered as isotropic material, despite its anisotropic behavior; assuming in most cases complete osseointegration; considering compressive or oblique forces acting on the implant; neglecting muscle forces and the bone remodeling process. Finally, there is no standardized approach for FE modeling in the dentistry field.SignificanceFE modeling is an effective computational tool to investigate the long-term stability of implants. The ultimate aim is to transfer such technology into clinical practice to help dentists in the diagnostic and therapeutic phases. To do this, future research should deeply investigate the loading influence on the bone-implant complex at a microscale level. This is a key factor still not adequately studied. Thus, a multiscale model could be useful, allowing to account for this information through multiple length scales. It could help to obtain information about the relationship among implant design, distribution of bone stress, and bone growth. Finally, the adoption of a standardized approach will be necessary, in order to make FE modeling highly predictive of the implant’s long-term stability.     

Quality of reporting in abstracts of randomized controlled trials published in leading journals of periodontology and implant dentistry: a survey

Background: Most readers, reviewers, and editors rely on abstracts to decide whether to assess the full text of an article. A research abstract should, therefore, be as informative as possible. The standard of reporting in abstracts of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in periodontology and implant dentistry has not yet been assessed. The objectives of this review are: 1) to assess the quality of reporting in abstracts of RCTs in periodontology and implant dentistry, and 2) to investigate changes in the quality of reporting by comparing samples from different periods. Methods: The authors searched the PubMed electronic database, independently and in duplicate, for abstracts of RCTs published in seven leading journals of periodontology and implant dentistry from 2005 to 2007 and from 2009 to 2011. The quality of reporting in selected abstracts with reference to the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) for Abstracts checklist published in January 2008 was assessed independently and in duplicate. Cohen κ statistic was used to determine the extent of agreement of the reviewers. Pearson χ(2) test and/or Fisher exact test were used to assess differences in reporting in the two samples. Level of significance was set at P <0.05. Results: Three hundred ninety-two abstracts are included in this review. Three items (intervention, objective, and conclusions) were almost fully reported in both samples. In contrast, other items (randomization, trial registration, and funding) were never reported. There were significant changes in reporting for only two items, trial design and title (items better reported in the pre- and post-CONSORT samples, respectively). Most topics, however, were similarly poorly reported in both samples of abstracts. Conclusions: The quality of reporting in abstracts of RCTs in periodontology and implant dentistry can be improved. Authors should follow the CONSORT for Abstracts guidelines, and journal editors should promote clear rules to improve authors' adherence to these guidelines.     

多模态数据融合的可视化技术在咬合重建中的应用

目的　通过多模态医学数据融合,实现数字化升高咬合垂直距离并进行咬合重建,应用于临床诊断及修复。方法　利用软件手段,将口内扫描（IOS）、口外面部扫描（EOS）、锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT）、动态咬合运动轨迹进行多模态医学数据融合,创建可视化、可操作的四维虚拟牙科患者,对虚拟患者咬合及颞下颌关节进行系统性评估,在兼顾前牙美学及后牙修复空间的基础上,进行数字化升高咬合垂直距离,建立新的颌位并对接计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助制造（CAD/CAM）设备,实现咬合重建的固定修复。结果　通过多模态医学数据融合及CAD/CAM设备的对接,得到了可视化、可操控的四维虚拟牙科患者,使咬合重建的固定修复技术更加便捷与安全。结论　多模态数据融合创建四维虚拟患者创新地实现了同一患者各种数据在同时间、同空间的结合,方便、直观地展示了患者口颌系统解剖结构及功能状态,能够为临床医生提供有效的诊断与修复手段。     

Shape of the face and tongue in obstructive sleep apnea patients — Statistical analysis of coordinate data

In comparisons of the shape of anatomical structures in humans, size variation becomes nothing but statistical noise. Size effect is often so strong that it might mask an underlying biological factor that the study was designed to investigate. A coordinate data analysis technique allowed us to standardize size variation and showed the differences in the shape of anatomical structures between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients and non-apneic subjects. A set of coordinate data, obtained from 80 pairs of lateral cephalograms taken in the upright and the supine position in the awake state, was utilized to determine the shape difference of the face and tongue of OSA patients, in comparison to those of non-apneic patients. As symptoms become severe, the hyoid bone and the submental area positioned inferiorly, and the fourth vertebra relocated posteriorly with respect to the lower mandibular border. When subjects changed their body position from the upright to supine, the posterior part of the tongue appeared to sink down, perhaps due to gravitational pull. The study clearly demonstrates that hyoid bone position with respect to the epiglottis-retrognathion line can distinguish OSA patients from non-apneic normal subjects in the supine position. Overall, analyses of the data in coordinate form provide a new prospective in OSA study.     

Necessity and relevance of qualitative research in pediatric dentistry. A literature review

ObjectivesThis review aims to understand the essence and relevance of qualitative research in pediatric dentistry and summarizes the most important information needed for a pediatric dentist before conducting a qualitative study.MethodsAn electronic search was conducted on studies published from December 2019 until December 2021 using PubMed, Scopus, and King Abdulaziz University Digital library. Several keywords were used to identify the studies for this review.ResultsThirty-three studies involving qualitative methods in pediatric dentistry have been conducted on parents and dentists. Qualitative studies in pediatric dentistry are used to explore the perceptions of mothers and their children and to understand their behavior in different areas related to pediatric dentistry. Barriers to conducting qualitative studies with children include credibility, the influence of others on children’s opinions, and differences that influence children’s behavior while conducting the study.ConclusionQualitative methods in pediatric dentistry have been conducted on parents and dentists; however, little is known about the credibility and trustworthiness of conducting qualitative research with children. Future studies are needed to investigate effective interview techniques with children and more research should be conducted to evaluate the credibility and trustfulness of using children as a source to collect data in qualitative research.     

Need for diagnostic-centric care in dentistry: A case study from the Marshfield Clinic Health System

Background

The study objective was to evaluate the workflow of dental providers who use the existing electronic dental record (EDR) system at a large regional health care system to establish a diagnostic-centric culture as part of their dental practice. A further goal focused on identifying when improvements to the workflow and design of the EDR may be indicated.