胰腺癌一家系报道

例1 先证者女，12岁，于10d前出现持续性上腹痛、恶心、呕吐来诊。实验室检查：丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）763U／L、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）933U／L、总胆红素（TBIL）136．8μmol／L、直接胆红素（DBIL）59．2μmol／L、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）359U／L、γ谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）358U／L、CA19-9500U／L、癌胚抗原（CEA）38．5μg／L，血糖5．4mmol／L。肝胆胰脾B超：胰头部占位并胆总管胰管扩张，B超引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查示：腺泡上皮腺癌。增强CT：胰头癌，胆总管胰管扩张。诊断为胰头癌。     

Rotor综合征合并慢性肾功能衰竭一例及家系调查

患者男，24岁，因“视物不清3个月”在外院诊断为慢性肾衰-尿毒症期，继发性高血压，后至我院拟行肾移植术，住院期间发现黄疸，为明确原因转入我科。人院体检：体温36．3℃，脉搏76次／min，呼吸20次／min，血压170／80mmHg（1mmHg-0．133kPa），皮肤巩膜黄染，未见抓痕，心肺无异常，全腹无压痛和反跳痛，肝脾不大，腹水征（-），肝肾区无叩击痛，双下肢无水肿。实验室检查：丙氨酸转氨酶34U／L，天冬氨酸转氨酶22U／L，碱性磷酸酶30U／L，谷氨酰转肽酶11U／L，总胆红素128．7μmol／L，直接胆红素86．7μmol／L，血清总蛋白55．4g／L，白蛋白35．6g／L，总胆汁酸5．8μmol／L，尿素氮39．26μmol／L，肌酐753．0μmol／L。血常规：     

更正声明

1 病例 患者男，76岁，因“皮肤瘙痒、乏力1月、加重伴黄疸1周”入院，院外查总胆红素（TB）高达179．9μmol／L，以“黄疸原因待查”于2007年2月8日入院。既往体弱，有乙肝病史10年，1997年行结肠穿孔修补术，2000年有肠梗阻病史，2003年因胆囊结石行胆囊切除术，实验室检查：丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）890U／L，天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）532U／L，血清总胆汁酸（TBA）305μmol／L；TB179．9μmol／L，直接胆红素（DB）106．3μmol／L，间接胆红素（IDB）73、6μmol／L，白蛋白（ALB）36g／L；     

肝移植与胰腺原发性血色病一例

患者男,39岁,乙型肝炎史12年。实验室检查：铁蛋白4201．0μg/L（正常值〈300μg/L）,血清铁〉32．22mol／L、转铁蛋白饱和度〉65％,丙氨酸转氨酶100U／L,     

甲状腺功能减退症伴多发性肌炎样综合征三例

例1男，64岁。因皮肤发黄、腹胀、纳差、双下肢乏力伴四肢肌肉酸痛4个月入住我院消化科。曾在当地医院多次查转氨酶轻度升高，按“肝炎”治疗未见好转。既往两次因桥本甲状腺炎行甲状腺部分切除术，术后服用甲状腺素片，已停用1年余。入院体检：颜面水肿，表情淡漠，全身皮肤轻度发黄，弹性差，无肝掌、蜘蛛痣。实验室检查：WBC3．6×10^9／L，总胆红素（TBil）9．1μmol／L，直接胆红素（DBil）2．9p,mol／L，AST69U／L，ALT52U／L，总蛋白77．4g／L，白蛋白43．8g／L，血钾3．7mmol／L；磷酸肌酸激酶（CK）1675U／L，肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）59U／L，心肌钙蛋白T（cTnT）〈0．012彬L；各型病毒性肝炎标志物均阴性，肝吸虫抗体（-）；抗核抗体（ANA）（＋），抗Jo-1（-）；游离L（FT3）1．33pmol／L，游离T4（FT4）5．91pmol／L，促甲状腺素（TSH）126mIU／L，血甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）1000U／ml，甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）3000U／ml。     

临床病例讨论第343例——休克、发热、多浆膜腔积液、咯血

患者男，31岁。2005年12月17日在网吧内感胸闷，就诊过程中突然意识丧失，血压40／20mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa），予血管活性药物后几小时内血压逐渐恢复正常，随后4d尿量减少至200ml／d，伴四肢水肿。外院化验：WUC8．0×10^9／L、中性0．8，Hb132g／L，PIJT143×10^12／L，肌酐（Cr）810μmol／L，ALT5700U／L，谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）246U／L，乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）6672U／L，总胆红素（TBIL）75μmol／L，直接胆红素（DBIL）46．5μmol／L，肌酸激酶（CZ）26U／L，肌酸激酶同工酶（CK—MB）391U／L，     

以高钙血症为首发症状的Graves甲亢一例

男性患者，31岁，因“恶心呕吐，心悸乏力，消瘦2个月余”，拟诊“甲亢，电解质紊乱”于2004年9月10日收治入院。患者入院前2个月，于劳累后出现恶心、呕吐，伴纳差、心悸、全身乏力，给予输液后症状略有改善。此后症状进行性加重，四肢乏力明显，体重逐渐下降，至当地医院，查血电解质：血钙波动于3．18～3．61mmol／L，K^＋ 3．1～3．8mmol／L，Na^＋ 159～176mmol／L，Cl^- 112～133mmol／L，Mg^2＋0．80～1．2mmol／L，磷1．02～1．50mmol／L；肝肾功能：丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）61U／L，门冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）82U／L，血尿素氮（BUN）15．0mmol／L，肌酐（Cr）134．39μmol／L，尿酸（UA）828．7μmol／L；     

黑热病合并乙型肝炎两例

例1男，53岁，住院号109510，因乏力、食欲不振40天于1995年3月14日入院。入院体温37．2℃，脉博88次／分，呼吸22次／分，血压14．5／11．5kPa，慢性消耗病容。肝上界在右锁骨中线第5肋间，下界在助缘下1cm，剑下2cm，质中等，边缘钝，脾肋下2cm，质Ⅱ°，化验：WBC3．3×109／L，N0．72，L0．28，Hb75g／L，BPC104×109／L，疟原虫（－），HB-sAg（＋），抗－BHs（－），HBeAg（－），抗HBe（十），抗HBC（＋），血清总胆红素8．8μmol／L，结合胆红素1．5μmol／L，非结合胆红素8．8μmol／L，TTT18U，GPT12U。血浆总蛋白…     

肝静脉阻塞症一例

患者男，28岁，河南人。2个月前因饮酒后诱发皮肤、巩膜黄染，尿色如浓茶，乏力、纳差于当地就诊，诊断为酒精性肝炎。给予一般保肝药物治疗无效，乏力，黄疸等症状加重。1个月后B超检查提示：肝硬化，脾大。血清学检测：凝血酶原活动度（PTA）40％；ALT74U／L；AST208U／L；白蛋白26．4g／L；总胆红素（TBil）222μmol／L；直接胆红素（DBil）153μmol／L。转入河南省一所市级医院。住院期间患者出现双下肢及阴囊水肿，黄疸迅速加深，TBil升至427μmol／L；DBil283μmol/L。     

染发剂致肝损伤一例

患者,女性,38岁,因乏力、尿黄、皮肤瘙痒半月余人院。患者于2007年2月20日起出现全身轻度乏力,尿色深黄如浓茶,伴躯干及四肢皮肤瘙痒。食欲及大便正常,当时未引起重视。于3月2日出现皮肤明显黄染,在外院就诊,查血生化示：总胆红素（TBil）98．8μmol／L,直接胆红素（DBil）70．6μmol／L,丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）389U／L,天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）333U／L,碱性磷酸酶（ALP）1218U／L,γ-谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）949U／L;腹部CT示”肝脏轻度肿大”。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.