MR扩散加权成像鉴别颅内囊性病变的价值

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像（DWI）在颅内囊性病变中的鉴别诊断价值。方法对76例经临床及手术病理证实的颅内囊性病变患者，行常规MR、DWI及增强MR检查，其中脑脓肿19例，原发性脑胶质瘤20例，小脑血管母细胞瘤4例，脑转移瘤10例，蛛网膜囊肿7例，表皮样囊肿16例。回顾性分析颅内囊性病变的DWI信号特征，定量测定囊性变区表观扩散系数（ADC）值。结果DWI上19例脑脓肿呈高信号；34例脑肿瘤患者中，除3例脑胶质瘤呈高信号、1例呈等信号，1例脑转移瘤呈高信号外，其余29例均呈低信号。各种病变ADC值分别为：脑脓肿（0．62±0．15）×10^-3 mm^2／s、脑胶质瘤（2．39±0．78）×10^-3 mm^2／s、脑血管母细胞瘤（2．68±0．40）×10^-3 mm^2／s、脑转移瘤（2．79±0．79）×10^-3 mm^2／s。脑脓肿与脑胶质瘤、脑血管母细胞瘤、脑转移瘤的囊变坏死区ADC值比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；脑胶质瘤与脑血管母细胞瘤、脑转移瘤的囊变坏死区ADC值比较，差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。7例颅内蛛网膜囊肿的DWI呈低信号；16例表皮样囊肿DWI呈明显高信号。颅内蛛网膜囊肿和表皮样囊肿的ADC值分别为（2．96±0．36）×10^-3 mm^2／s和（0．94±0．13）×10^-3 mm^2／s，二者之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论DWI及ADC值对鉴别脑脓肿和囊性或坏死性脑肿瘤具有重要的价值，DWI表现为低信号的颅内囊性病变可除外脑脓肿。     

颅内囊性病变1 H MR波谱分析

目的分析颅内囊性病变^1H磁共振波谱（^1HMRS）成像特征，评价。HMRS在颅内囊性病变中的应用价值。方法52例颅内囊性病变，单体素^1HMRS采集52个病灶，其中Ⅰ-Ⅱ级星形细胞瘤8例、胶质母细胞瘤9例、转移瘤13例、脑脓肿10例、表皮样囊肿4例、蛛网膜囊肿5例、脑囊虫病3例。点分辨波谱（PRESS，TE135ms或270ms）定域序列采集病灶中心。结果（1）8例Ⅰ-Ⅱ级星形细胞瘤仅显示乳酸（Lae）峰。9例胶质母细胞瘤除了显示Lac峰外，有4例显示了低的胆碱类复合物（Cho）和氮-乙酰天冬氨酸（NAA）峰，2例显示脂质（Lip）峰。（2）转移瘤13例，7例仅显示Lae峰，6例显示Cho峰，3例显示低的NAA峰，6例显示Lip峰。（3）10例脑脓肿除了显示Lac峰，9例显示氨基酸（AA）峰，6例显示乙酸盐（Ace）峰，5例显示琥珀酸盐（Sue）峰，5例显示丙氨酸（ma）峰，2例显示Lip峰；没有显示Cho和NAA峰。（4）4例表皮样囊肿显示Lae峰，1例显示Lip峰。5例蛛网膜囊肿中2例显示低的Lae峰，1例显示Lip峰。脑囊虫病3例，显示Lac、Ace、Sue、ma峰；没有显示AA、Cho和NAA峰。结论颅内囊性病变共有Lae峰，没有特异性。AA峰结合Ace、Sue、ma峰的显示对脑脓肿诊断特异性高。Ace、Sue、AJa峰的显示提示脑寄生虫囊肿存在的可能性。MRI结合MRS有助于对颅内囊性病变的定性诊断。     

DWI和ADC值测量在颅内囊性病变鉴别诊断中的价值

目的:评价DWI与ADC值对颅内囊性病变的鉴别诊断价值以及相关的生物物理学机制.方法:经手术病理证实的脑脓肿20例、囊变坏死性脑肿瘤50例、表皮样囊肿20例和蛛网膜囊肿35例,在术前均接受了常规MRI和DWI检查.结果:脑脓肿在DWI上表现为明显的高信号,ADC值为(0.67±0.178)×10-3mm2/s;脑肿瘤囊变坏死灶在DWI上表现为明显的低信号,ADC值为(2.48±0.156)×10-3mm2/s,脑脓肿ADC值明显低于脑肿瘤囊变坏死灶ADC值(P<0.01).表皮样囊肿在DWI上表现为明显的高信号,ADC值为(1.19±0.157)×10-3mm2/s;蛛网膜囊肿在DWI上表现为明显的低信号,ADC值为(3.01±0.321)×10-3mm2/s,表皮样囊肿ADC值明显低于蛛网膜囊肿ADC值(P<0.01).结论:DWI和ADC值测量可有效鉴别脑脓肿与囊变坏死性脑肿瘤;DWI和ADC值测量能有效鉴别表皮样囊肿和蛛网膜囊肿.     

磁共振弥散加权成像对脑脓肿和脑内坏死、囊变肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值

目的　研究磁共振弥散加权成像 (DWI)对脑脓肿和脑内坏死、囊变肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。方法　对手术、病理证实的 9例脑脓肿、11例单发转移瘤、7例胶质瘤 (其中胶质母细胞瘤 5例 ,间变型星形细胞瘤 2例 )和 2例血管母细胞瘤做了常规的MRI和DWI。重点观察脑脓肿和坏死、囊变肿瘤在DWI上信号强度的变化 ,并对脑脓肿和肿瘤坏死、囊变部分的表观弥散系数 (ADC)值作 2个样本之间的秩和检验。结果　 9例脑脓肿在DWI上均呈明显的高信号 ,而 2 0例坏死、囊变的肿瘤在DWI上均呈低信号。脑脓肿中央部分的ADC值明显低于肿瘤坏死、囊变部分的ADC值 [( 0 .3 4± 0 .11)× 10 -3 mm2 /svs ( 2 .1± 0 .14 )× 10 -3 mm2 /s]。经统计检验 ,2组有显著性差异 (T =45 ,Ρ <0 .0 1)。结论　磁共振弥散加权成像对脑脓肿和脑内坏死、囊变的肿瘤具有鉴别诊断价值     

颅内非缺血性病变的MR扩散加权成像

MR扩散加权成像作为一种新的MR成像序列,能提供水分子微观运动的信息,对急性缺血性中风的诊断价值已得到肯定,对颅内非缺血性病变的应用价值在进一步研究之中.就MR扩散加权成像的技术原理、颅内非缺血性病变的扩散加权成像的表现予以综述,以提高该成像序列的临床应用价值.     

扩散加权成像在鉴别颅内环形强化病灶的价值

目的讨论扩散加权成像(DWI)和表观扩散系数(ADC)在鉴别颅内环形强化病灶性质的价值。资料与方法应用1.5TMR对16例胶质瘤、6例转移瘤、4例脑脓肿进行常规MR及DWI成像和ADC测量,分析其影像学表现。结果4例脑脓肿在DWI上呈高信号,16例胶质瘤和6例转移瘤呈低信号,脓肿腔平均ADC值为0.44×10-3cm2/s,脑肿瘤坏死囊变区平均ADC值为1.82×10-3cm2/s(P<0.01)。结论DWI和ADC值可以用来鉴别脑脓肿及坏死囊变的肿瘤病灶。     

MR扩散加权成像对颅内囊性肿块的鉴别诊断价值

目的 :探讨MR扩散加权成像对颅内囊性肿块的鉴别诊断价值。方法 :搜集有手术病理结果的患者 3 1例 ,其中表皮样囊肿 9例 ,蛛网膜囊肿 15例 ,囊性颅咽管瘤 4例 ,颅底囊性变神经鞘瘤 3例。所有病例均行MR常规T1WI、T2 WI及DWI扫描 ,回顾性分析各组病例的MR常规及扩散加权成像表现。结果 :在MR扩散加权图像上 ,所有 7例表皮样囊肿均为显著高信号 ,而在指数扩散加权像及ADC图上为等信号 ;其余病变在扩散加权图像上为低信号或伴等信号。结论 :MR扩散加权成像有助于表皮样囊肿与其它颅内脑外囊性肿块的鉴别 ,表皮样囊肿的扩散加权高信号主要是由“T2余辉效应”而非水分子扩散受限所致。     

DWI在鉴别诊断脑脓肿和坏死、囊变脑肿瘤中的影像学价值

目的研究扩散加权成像（DWI）在鉴别脑脓肿和坏死、囊变脑肿瘤中的诊断价值。资料与方法对17例脑脓肿和23例脑肿瘤（胶质瘤和转移瘤）行常规MR和DWI检查。DWI采用b=1000s/mm^2,b=0s/mm^2时进行采集,测量感兴趣区（ROI）的表观扩散系数（ADC）值,两个独立样本间行秩和检验,与常规MR比较,计算敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值。结果大部分脑脓肿在DWI上为高信号,ADC值为（0.33±0.11）×10^-3mm/s,除2例外其余脑肿瘤的坏死、囊变部分在DWI上为低信号,ADC值为（2.46±0.49）×10^-3mm/s。结论DWI在鉴别脑脓肿和坏死、囊变脑肿瘤方面是十分有意义的,比常规MR有更大的优越性。     

弥散加权图像在鉴别脑脓肿与坏死、囊变脑肿瘤中的作用

目的　评价弥散加权图像在鉴别脑脓肿和坏死、囊变肿瘤中的作用。方法　对连续5例脑脓肿、7例恶性脑肿瘤和1例脑转移瘤进行常规MRI和弥散加权成像,取扩散敏感系数（b值）b=0,b=1000或b=0,b=1200,测量病变感兴趣区的表观弥散系数（ADC）,行2个独立样本秩和检验。结果　所有脑脓肿在弥散加权图像上均呈高信号,而所有脑肿瘤坏死、囊变部分均呈低信号。脓腔内的平均ADC值为0.43×10-3cm2/s,明显低于肿瘤坏死、囊变部分的平均ADC值1.89×10-3cm2/s（T=15.00,P<0.01）。结论　弥散加权成像可以用来鉴别脑脓肿和坏死、囊变肿瘤。     

磁共振扩散加权成像在脑内环形强化病变诊断中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)在脑内环形强化病变鉴别诊断中的价值.方法 对122例经手术病理证实的脑内环形强化病变的DWI表现进行回顾性分析.其中男67例,女55例,年龄12～78岁,平均51.6岁.结果 脑脓肿26例,23例DWI呈明显均匀高信号,3例DWI呈高低混杂信号.间变性胶质瘤68例,62例DWI呈低信号,6例呈等低混杂信号.单发囊性脑转移瘤20例,DWI均呈低信号.室管膜瘤8例,囊性部分在DWI上均呈低信号.结论 DWI上绝对多数脑脓肿呈高信号,少数脑脓肿呈混杂信号,绝对多数肿瘤坏死呈低信号,少数不呈低信号.     

MR line scan diffusion imaging of the brain in children

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR imaging of the self-diffusion of water has become increasingly popular for the early detection of cerebral infarction in adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate MR line scan diffusion imaging (LSDI) of the brain in children. METHODS: LSDI was performed in four volunteers and 12 patients by using an effective TR/TE of 2736/89.4 and a maximum b value of 450 to 600 s/mm2 applied in the x, y, and z directions. In the volunteers, single-shot echo planar imaging of diffusion (EPID) was also performed. The patients (10 boys and two girls) ranged in age from 2 days to 16 years (average age, 6.6 years). Diagnoses included acute cerebral infarction, seizure disorder, posttraumatic confusion syndrome, complicated migraine, residual astrocytoma, encephalitis, hypoxia without cerebral infarction, cerebral contusion, and conversion disorder. In all patients, routine spin-echo images were also acquired. Trace images and apparent diffusion coefficient maps were produced for each location scanned with LSDI. RESULTS: In the volunteers, LSDI showed less chemical-shift and magnetic-susceptibility artifact and less geometric distortion than did EPID. LSDI was of diagnostic quality in all studies. Diffusion abnormalities were present in five patients. Restricted diffusion was present in the lesions of the three patients with acute cerebral infarction. Mildly increased diffusion was present in the lesions of encephalitis and residual cerebellar astrocytoma. No diffusion abnormalities were seen in the remaining seven children. CONCLUSION: LSDI is feasible in children, provides high-quality diffusion images with less chemical-shift and magnetic-susceptibility artifact and less geometric distortion than does EPID, and complements the routine MR examination.     

Role of diffusion-weighted MR in differential diagnosis of intracranial cystic lesions

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in characterizing cerebral cystic lesions. The usefulness of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in lesion characterization was also evaluated. METHODS: We compared the findings of conventional MR images with those of DWI: 63 cystic masses in 48 patients were examined with routine MR imaging and echo-planar DWI. The routine MR imaging included at least the axial T2- and T1-weighted sequences, and post-contrast T1 axial sequences. The DWI included an echo-planar spin-echo sequence with three values (0, 500 and 1000s/mm(2)) sensitizing gradient in the x, y, z direction, and it obtained an ADC map. RESULTS: The sensitivity of DWI for differentiating abscesses from primary brain tumours was 100%; for differentiating abscesses from metastatic tumours was 73%; for differentiating benign from malignant lesions was 90%. CONCLUSION: Although some metastatic lesions may appear hyperintense on DWI thus imitating an abscess, evaluation of the lesions with both DWI and conventional MRI may have an important contribution to the differentiation of tumours from abscesses.     

Double line scan diffusion imaging

A new double line scan diffusion imaging sequence (DLSDI) is presented. In DLSDI, two lines from two separate slices are acquired in each shot. As its predecessor, LSDI, DLSDI is insensitive to motion artifacts and it can be used on conventional MR scanners. In addition, DLSDI is almost twice as fast as LSDI. Preliminary results from phantom and patient studies show excellent agreement between ADC trace maps obtained with DLSDI and LSDI. The technical and the theoretical aspects of DLSDI are studied, and it is shown how the conditional random walk model can be used as an analytical tool to derive the diffusion sensitivity in the DLSDI sequence.     

MR扩散加权成像表观扩散系数在乳腺结节病变诊断中的应用价值

目的 评价ADC值及相对ADC值(rADC)在乳腺结节病灶检查中的应用价值.方法 对52例66个乳腺结节病灶行MR DWI扫描,b值分别为0、800、1000 s/mm2,测量乳腺结节及同侧、对侧乳头层面未受累乳腺实质组织ADC值,计算rADC1(病灶ADC值/同侧未受累乳腺实质ADC值)及rADC2(病灶ADC值/对侧未受累乳腺实质ADC值),对所获资料采用两独立样本t检验、x2检验进行统计学分析.所有病灶均经穿刺活检或手术病理证实.结果 52例患者中,浸润性导管癌18例,纤维腺瘤34例,DWI显示50例,共64个病灶.b=800s/mm2时,良、恶性结节平均ADC值、同侧rADC800-1及对侧rADC800-2分别为(1.54±0.28)×10-3、(1.01±0.09)×10-3 mm2/s和0.77±0.15、0.52±0.07,0.76±0.14、0.51±0.06;其差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为8.217、9.339、10.394,P值均＜0.01);以乳腺浸润性导管癌平均值95％参考值范围上限界值作为恶性病变上限阈值点,ADC值、rADC8o0-1及rADC800-2分别为1.05×10-3 mm2/s、0.55、0.53,诊断的敏感度分别为75.0％、65.0％、60.0％,特异度分别为100.0％、95.7％、97.8％,阳性预测值分别为100.0％、86.7％、92.3％,阴性预测值分别为90.2％、86.3％、84.9％,诊断符合率分别为92.4％、86.4％、86.4％.b=1000 s/mm2时,良、恶性结节平均ADC值、rADC1000-1及rADC1000-2分别为(1.45±0.28)×10-3、(0.93±0.08)×10-3mm2/s和0.75±0.16、0.53±0.09,0.74±0.15、0.52±0.07;其差异有统计学意义(t值分为11.844、5.820、8.082;P值均＜0.01);ADC值、rADC1ooo-1及rADC1000-2阈值点分别为0.97×10-3 mm2/s、0.58、0.55,诊断的敏感度均为70.0％,特异度分别为100.0％、95.7％、93.5％,阳性预测值分别为100.0％、87.5％、82.4％,阴性预测值分别为88.5％、88.0％、87.8％,诊断符合率分别为90.9％、87.9％、86.5％.以上6种诊断方法的敏感度及诊断符合率差异无统计学意义(x2值分别为1.232、2.263,P值分别为0.942、0.812).结论 ADC值与rADC值均为鉴别良恶性乳腺病变的重要参数,尤其是b= 800 s/mm2时的ADC值临床应用价值最高.     

High-resolution line scan diffusion tensor MR imaging of white matter fiber tract anatomy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MR diffusion tensor imaging permits detailed visualization of white matter fiber tracts. This technique, unlike T2-weighted imaging, also provides information about fiber direction. We present findings of normal white matter fiber tract anatomy at high resolution obtained by using line scan diffusion tensor imaging. METHODS: Diffusion tensor images in axial, coronal, and sagittal sections covering the entire brain volume were obtained with line scan diffusion imaging in six healthy volunteers. Images were acquired for b factors 5 and 1000 s/mm(2) at an imaging resolution of 1.7 x 1.7 x 4 mm. For selected regions, images were obtained at a reduced field of view with a spatial resolution of 0.9 x 0.9 x 3 mm. For each pixel, the direction of maximum diffusivity was computed and used to display the course of white matter fibers. RESULTS: Fiber directions derived from diffusion tensor imaging were consistent with known white matter fiber anatomy. The principal fiber tracts were well observed in all cases. The tracts that were visualized included the following: the arcuate fasciculus; superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus; uncinate fasciculus; cingulum; external and extreme capsule; internal capsule; corona radiata; auditory and optic radiation; anterior commissure; corpus callosum; pyramidal tract; gracile and cuneatus fasciculus; medial longitudinal fasciculus; rubrospinal, tectospinal, central tegmental, and dorsal trigeminothalamic tract; superior, inferior, and middle cerebellar peduncle; pallidonigral and strionigral fibers; and root fibers of the oculomotor and trigeminal nerve. CONCLUSION: We obtained a complete set of detailed white matter fiber anatomy maps of the normal brain by means of line scan diffusion tensor imaging at high resolution. Near large bone structures, line scan produces images with minimal susceptibility artifacts.     

低场磁共振扩散加权成像在超急性期脑梗死的应用

目的：评价低场磁共振的扩散加权成像（DWI）在超急性期脑梗死诊断上的应用价值。方法：用低场磁共振扩散加权成像诊断超急性期脑梗死36例,分析不同时间的影像学特点,并与常规 MRI 平扫进行比较。结果：低场磁共振DWI 能显示所有患者超急性脑梗死病灶,而有11例患者在常规 MRI 平扫上未发现异常,其中7例为发病2 h 内,4例为2～4 h。此外,DWI 还可发现发病1 h 内的脑梗死高信号灶,而且 DWI 显示的病灶范围较常规 T2 WI 显示的范围更大、信号更高。结论：颅脑低场强磁共振扩散成像可以诊断超急性期脑梗死,比 T2 WI、T2 FLAIR 平扫能更早显示病变,在发现病变、确定病变部位、病变范围具有较高的价值,可为临床早期治疗提供可靠的诊断依据。     

表观扩散系数对乳腺肿块样和非肿块样强化病变的诊断价值

目的：探讨ADC值及相对ADC值（rADC）对乳腺肿块样和非肿块样强化病变的诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析术经手术病理证实的171例乳腺病变患者（共177个病灶）的术前 MRI和DWI（b＝0和800s／mm2）资料,测量并比较（t检验）乳腺肿块和非肿块样良、恶性病变的ADC值及rADC值,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）分析ADC值及rADC值在乳腺良、恶性病变定性诊断中的效能。结果：177个乳腺病变中良性病变112个,恶性病变65个;按病变形态分组,肿块性病变144个,非肿块性病变33个。肿块性病变中恶性47个,平均 ADC 值及平均 rADC 值分别为（1．06±0．27）×10－3mm2／s和0．62±0．17;良性97个,平均ADC 值及 rADC 值分别为（1．58±0．26）×10－3mm2／s 和0．91±0．17;ROC分析显示,以ADC值和rADC值分别为1．23×10－3mm2／s和0．72作为阈值,鉴别肿块样乳腺良、恶性病变的敏感度和特异度分别为85．1％、92．8％和80．9％、89．7％。33个非肿块性病变中恶性18个,平均ADC值及rADC值分别为（1．25±0．40）×10－3mm2／s 和0．76±0．25;良性15个,平均 ADC 值和 rADC 值分别为（1．50±0．18）×10－3mm2／s 和0．89±0．12;ROC分析显示,以ADC和rADC值分别为1．36×10－3mm2／s、0．84作为阈值,鉴别非肿块样乳腺良、恶性病变的敏感度和特异度分别为77．8％、80．0％和77．8％、73．3％。结论：根据ADC和rADC值可以鉴别乳腺良、恶性病变,ADC值的诊断价值略高于rADC值,对乳腺肿块性和非肿块性病变应采用不同的ADC。