Short- and long-term outcome after lung resection for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

BACKGROUND: Lung resection for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is controversial. Neutropenia, thrombopenia and poor general condition may increase perioperative morbidity and mortality, and the redeeming benefit is questionable. Therefore we analyzed short- and long-term outcome after lung resection for IPA. METHODS: 41 patients with hematological disease underwent lung resection for suspected IPA: lobectomy (23 patients), wedge-resection (16) and enucleation (2). RESULTS: 4 (10%) patients developed major complications: pleural aspergillosis, bronchial stump insufficiency, severe bleeding, ARDS. 11 (27%) patients showed minor complications: pleural effusion (6), pneumothorax (2), seroma (2) and hematothorax (1). 30-day mortality was 10 % (4 of 41 patients): two died of bacterial septicemia, two of disseminated aspergillosis. One (2%) death was possibly surgery-related. IPA was cleared in 87% of patients, fungal relapse occurred in 4 (10%) patients. Overall survival was 65%, 58% and 40% at 6 months, 12 months and 5 years. CONCLUSION: Lung resection for IPA even in profound cytopenia is feasible with acceptable morbidity and mortality. Fungal infection can be cured in more than 80 % of patients. Long-term outcome can be achieved if the hematological disease is under control.     

Hospital-acquired invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hepatic failure

Background  

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a rapid, progressive, fatal disease that occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients. Patients with severe liver disease are at a heightened risk for infections. Little is known about the clinical presentation including predisposing factors and treatment of IPA in patients with hepatic failure.     

Surgical resection for patients with pulmonary aspergillosis in the national inpatient sample

BackgroundThe role of lung resection in patients with pulmonary aspergillosis is generally reserved for those with localized disease who fail medical management. We used a national database to investigate the influence of preoperative patient comorbidities on inpatient mortality and need for surgery.MethodsPatients admitted with pulmonary aspergillosis between 2007 to 2015 were identified in the National Inpatient Sample dataset. Inpatient mortality rates were compared between patients treated medically and surgically. Predictors of mortality, surgical intervention, and non-elective admission were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsAmong a population estimate of 112,998 patients with pulmonary aspergillosis, 107,606 (95.2%) underwent medical management alone and 5,392 (4.8%) underwent surgical resection. Positive predictors for surgery included hemoptysis, and history of lung cancer or chronic pulmonary diseases. Surgically treated patients had a lower inpatient mortality when compared to those treated medically (11.5% vs. 15.1%, P<0.001) in univariate analysis, but this finding did not persist in multivariable analysis (AOR 0.97, P=0.509). The odds of mortality were lower in patients undergoing video assisted thoracoscopic surgery compared to an open approach (AOR 0.77, P=0.001). Among patients treated surgically, mortality was higher in those with a history of lung cancer, solid organ transplantation, liver disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, hematologic diseases, chronic pulmonary diseases, and those admitted non-electively requiring surgery.ConclusionsIn this generalizable study, medical and surgical management of pulmonary aspergillosis were comparable in terms of inpatient mortality. However, non-elective admission and patients with select comorbidities have significantly worse outcomes after surgical intervention.     

肺癌微创切除术与术前肺功能的相关性简

目的 探讨肺癌患者术前肺功能与微创切除术后肺部并发症的相关性研究.方法 回顾性研究我院126例微创切除术后的肺癌患者,分析并发症发生情况及术前第一秒呼气容量（FEV1）和一氧化碳弥散量（DLco）与术后并发症的相关性.结果 无并发症组（A组）和并发症组（B组）在ppoFEV1、DLco占预计值的百分值及ppoDLco方面,A组明显高于B组,两者比较有明显统计学意义（P〈0.05）.Logistic回归分析提示只有DLco占预计值百分比与肺部并发症的发生呈负相关（P〈0.05）.结论 DLco占预计值百分比与肺部并发症的发生呈负相关.     

Discriminant scorecard for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with acute leukemia

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, a serious opportunistic infection in adult patients with acute leukemia, is difficult to diagnose antemortem. To identify patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis without reliance on invasive diagnostic procedures, a discriminant scorecard for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis based on clinical parameters was evaluated in a three-phase study. In phase I, the records of 62 patients, including 15 with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, were reviewed. Eleven clinical parameters distinguished patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis from control subjects. These parameters were combined into a discriminant scorecard. In phase II, the discriminant scorecard was validated by a blinded, retrospective review of 94 consecutive admissions. The discriminant scorecard score was highly associated with the clinical outcome (p less than 0.0005). The sensitivity of the discriminant scorecard was calculated as a range from 62.9 to 92.8 percent and the specificity as a range from 87.5 to 98.3 percent. In phase III, the clinical utility of the discriminant scorecard was determined by its prospective application to 49 consecutive patient admissions. The discriminant scorecard identified patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis at an average of 4.1 days prior to clinical recognition of the disease and initiation of amphotericin B therapy. The discriminant scorecard outperformed a complex function based on multiple linear regressions, was easy to use, and did not require difficult calculations. Thus, for this patient population, the discriminant scorecard was an accurate, useful noninvasive screening test for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. The scorecard allows more rapid clinical identification of patients with this infection and could lead to improved patient survival through earlier diagnostic and therapeutic intervention.     

Importance of open lung biopsy in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a serious infectious complication in immunocompromised patients. Recent reports indicate its favorable clinical outcomes by early diagnosis with chest computed tomography scan. We retrospectively analyzed our experiences with histopathological evaluation by open lung biopsy in 31 patients (32 cases) with hematologic malignancies, suspected of having invasive pulmonary aspergillosis clinically and radiologically. Although the initial computed tomography findings of all cases were highly indicative of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by demonstrating nodules or masses with a halo sign (16 cases), segmental area of consolidation with ground-glass attenuation (7 cases), both nodules or masses with a halo sign and segmental area of consolidation with ground-glass attenuation (7 cases) and poorly defined centrilobular nodules (2 cases), we could histopathologically confirm invasive fungal infections only in 17 cases (53.1%) by open lung biopsy. There were 13 cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, two cases of aspergilloma, and two cases of mucormycosis. No fungal hyphae were found in the other 15 cases: organizing pneumonia in seven cases, pulmonary hemorrhage in three cases, brochiolitis obliterans with organizing pneumonia in two cases, and CMV pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, candida pneumonia in one case each, respectively. We could perform open lung biopsy without mortality and significant morbidity. In view of the low positive predictive value of chest computed tomography scan and the very low morbidity of open lung biopsy, this procedure is recommendable for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and determination of its treatment.     

高龄肺切除患者术后肺部并发症的分析

目的探讨高龄肺切除患者手术后肺部并发症的发生与预防。方法回顾性分析我院2000年6月～2009年8月63例70岁以上高龄患者肺切除术后发生肺部并发症的25例临床资料。结果本组手术后发生肺部并发症,发生率39.7%,其中肺部感染发生率最高,占52%。手术后死亡3例,围手术期死亡率4.8%。结论高龄肺切除患者术后肺部并发症发生率较高,但是充分的术前准备与评估,操作细致,术后加强监护管理等,都是预防术后肺部并发症的重要措施。     

Clinical applicability of the new EORTC/MSG classification for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematological malignancies and autopsy-confirmed invasive aspergillosis

Diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is often difficult. Recently, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) has proposed new criteria for the classification of invasive fungal infections. We have studied the clinical applicability of this classification in 22 patients with hematological malignancies who had IPA at autopsy. While alive, according to the EORTC/MSG criteria, only 2 patients were classified as having proven IPA, 6 as probable, 13 as possible, and 1 was unclassifiable. Of the patients, 64% had no microbiological or major clinical criteria before death. Although the EORTC/MSG criteria are an important step forward in the standardization of definitions used for IPA in clinical research studies, most patients who die with extensive lung disease only reach a level of possible or probable IPA during life, further highlighting that these guidelines should not be used for clinical decision-making.     

Surgical resection for successful treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: report of 3 cases

We present 3 patients, 2 with recent heart transplants, complicated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), treated successfully with surgical resection. These patients demonstrate the role of surgery in management of IPA, and 2 heart transplant patients are of particular interest as surgical treatment of IPA after solid organ transplantation is seldom reported.     

COPD患者继发侵袭性肺曲菌病的危险因素研究

目的探讨COPD患者继发侵袭性肺曲菌病（IPA）的危险因素。方法将37例COPD继发IPA患者（病例组）及74例未继发IPA的COPD患者（对照组）的临床指标纳入单因素和多因素分析。结果 COPD继发IPA与下列4个因素密切相关：机械通气（OR值为5.625,95%CI为1.601-19.765）,侵入性操作（OR值为4.876,95%CI为1.922-12.37）,低蛋白血症（OR值为3.618,95%CI为1.580-8.264）,使用激素（OR值为2.558,95%CI为1.086-6.026）。结论 COPD继发IPA是多个因素相互影响的结果,其中机械通气、侵入性操作、低蛋白血症、使用激素等4个因素是独立危险因素。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期合并侵袭性肺曲霉病的研究进展

COPD急性加重期(AECOPD)患者合并呼吸衰竭时常需住院或进入ICU治疗.虽然病毒和细菌感染是引起AECOPD的主要原因,但近来人们发现真菌感染也可能是COPD患者病情急剧恶化的原因之一.