氧自由基诱导细胞凋亡及硒与维生素E的防护作用

研究超氧阴离子诱导的细胞凋亡及硒、维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）的影响。方法：以形态学及ＤＮＡ电泳观察黄嘌呤／黄嘌呤氧化酶（Ｘ／ＸＯ）反应体系产生的超氧阴离子自由基（Ｏ－·２）诱导成纤维细胞ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞凋亡及硒、ＶＥ的保护作用。结果：Ｏ－·２的剂量为５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ及１０ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,作用时间５～１０小时可诱导ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞凋亡,而在细胞培养基中分别加入硒、ＶＥ使其浓度达到１．１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ及２．３０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ可显著抑制Ｏ－·２诱导的细胞凋亡。结论：硒及ＶＥ对Ｏ－·２诱导的细胞凋亡有保护作用,而且硒较ＶＥ的作用更为显著。     

高压氧治疗急性一氧化碳中毒心功能损害的临床观察

我们观察了２０例急性一氧化碳中毒（ＡＣＯＰ）患者在高压氧（ＨＢＯ）治疗中血清乳酸脱氢酶同功酶（ＬＤ１－２）及心电图（ＥＣＧ）改变情况,结果发现１７例患病急诊入院时血清ＬＤ１－２即有显著升高,中毒后２４小时达高峰,３天后开始下降,１０天左右恢复正常,６例患者于急诊入院心电图有ＳＴ－Ｔ缺血改变,为ＨＢＯ治疗ＡＣＯＰ时判断其预后和疗效提供了科学依据。     

亚急性一氧化碳中毒诱导小鼠脑细胞凋亡及相关基因表达

目的 研究亚急性一氧化碳（CO）中毒脑损伤与脑细胞凋亡及其相关基因表达的关系。方法 采用CO100ml/kgip,1次/d。连续7d染毒小鼠，在停止给予CO后第1、3、5、7、14和21天。脑组织在体灌流固定，并用TUNEL法和免疫组织化学法检测大脑皮层和海马凋亡细胞及其相关基因Fas,FasL、Bax蛋白表达情况。结果 亚急性CO中毒小鼠大脑皮层和海马在中毒后第1天可见凋亡细胞，高峰期约在5-7d，持续14d；凋亡相关基因Fas,FasL,Bax蛋白表达在中毒后大量表达，基本与凋亡细胞出现相符。时间稍提前，结论 亚急性CO中毒可诱导神经元细胞凋亡及其相关基因Fas,FasL和Bax蛋白表达，这可能是亚急性CO中毒致迟发性脑损伤的病理机制之一。     

氧自由基诱导细胞调亡及硒与维生素E防护作用

目的：研究超氧阴离子诱导的细胞凋亡及硒、维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）的影响。方法：以形态学及ＤＮＡ电泳观察黄嘌呤／黄嘌呤氧化酶（Ｘ／ＸＯ）反应体系产生的超氧阴离子自由基（Ｏ＾－２）诱导成纤维细胞ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞凋亡及硒、ＶＥ的保护作用。结果：Ｏ＾－２的剂量为５ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ及１０ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,作用时间５￣１０小时可诱导ＮＩＨ３Ｔ３细胞凋亡,而在细胞培养基中分别加入硒、ＶＥ使其浓度达到１．１５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ及２．３     

可能发生急性职业中毒的化学物质（续二）

可能发生急性职业中毒的化学物质（续二）六氟化硒ＰＮ：ＳＥＬＥＮＩＵＭ－ＨＥＸＡＦＬＵＯＲＩＤＥ－ＲＮ：７７８３－７９－１ＩＤＬＨ：＋５ｐｐｍ亚砷酸钠ＰＮ：ＳＯＤＩＵＭ－ＡＲＳＥＮＩＴＥ－ＲＮ：７７８４０－４６－５ＩＤＬＨ：＋Ｃａ蒽ＰＮ：ＡＮＴＨＲＡＣ...     

彗星试验检测细胞凋亡的研究

彗星试验是近十年发展起来的在单细胞水平上检测ＤＮＡ断裂的方法,理论上可检测含有大量ＤＮＡ碎片的凋亡细胞。本文在建立地塞米松诱导小鼠胸腺细胞凋亡模型的基础上,探索了彗星试验检测凋亡的实验方法,并与Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色、琼脂糖凝胶电泳、ＴＵＮＥＬ法等几种常用的检测凋亡细胞的方法进行了比较研究。结果表明：凋亡细胞在彗星试验中呈现特征性的彗星形态,很小的彗星头,大而圆的彗星尾;以彗星试验检测细胞凋亡的最适电泳条件为２０Ｖ,１５ｍｉｎ;其检测灵敏度与Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色法和ＴＵＮＥＬ法相当。因此彗星试验是一种灵敏、准确、简便、既可定性又可定量检测细胞凋亡的新方法。     

氟化钠对乳鼠成骨细胞c—fos,c—jun基因表达及细胞增殖？…

目的 探讨氟对钠（ＮａＦ）对离体成骨细胞ｃ－Ｆｏｓ、ｃ－Ｊｕｎ基因表达的调控及细胞增殖的影响。方法 采用新生大鼠头盖骨分离成骨细胞,在不同浓度ＮａＦ（１０＾－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）中进行培养,用四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法检测细胞增殖,用免疫组化ＳＰ法结合计算机图像处理系统检测ＮａＦ诱导的ｃ－Ｆｏｓ、ｃ－Ｊｕｎ表达。结果 实验表明ＮａＦ可刺激成骨细胞增殖,并诱导成骨细胞     

竹叶功能因子生物抗氧化性质的研究

目的：研究竹叶功能因子的生物抗氧化性质。方法：实验一，在用化学发光法（ＣＬ）考察发现竹叶提取物（ＢａｍｂｏｏＬｅａｆＥｘｔｒａｃｔｓ，ＢＬＥ）普遍具有较强的抗活性氧自由基效能的基础上，测定竹叶功能因子（ＢａｍｂｏｏＬｅａｆＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌＦａｃｔｏｒｓ，ＢＬＦＦ）清除Ｏ２和ＯＨ的有效浓度范围。结果：分别在０．１～１０ｍｇ／Ｌ和１０μｇ～１ｇ／Ｌ之间。在Ｘ－ＸＯＤ－Ｌｕｍｉｎｏｌ的Ｏ２产生体系中，当ＢＬＦＦ试样浓度加大到５ｇ／Ｌ（相当于６３００倍的ＩＣ５０）时，抑制率仍稳定在１００％左右；在ＶＣ－Ｃｕ２＋－Ｈ２Ｏ２酵母多糖的ＯＨ产生体系中，当试样浓度达到５ｇ／Ｌ时，同样没有表现体外促氧化作用，表明ＢＬＦＦ有着优良和稳定的抗氧化活性。实验二，用邻苯三酚（ＰＲ）自氧化法和电子自旋共振法（ＥＳＲ）测定了不同竹叶制剂对Ｏ２的清除作用，从多个体系和不同手段进行验证。结果：与ＣＬ具有显著的相关性。实验三，观察竹叶有效成分对生物体内源性抗氧化酶系的诱导作用。以蜂花粉为阳性对照，进行老龄小鼠的ＢＬＥ喂养试验，连续灌胃３５天后，用ＣＬ和ＤＴＮＢ法测定全血的活力。结果：ＢＬＥ能显著提高衰老小鼠体内ＳＯＤ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ的活力。?     

可能发生急性职业中毒的化学物质（续前）

可能发生急性职业中毒的化学物质（续前）硫酸钴ＰＮ：ＣＯＢＡＬＴＯＵＳ－ＳＵＬＦＡＴＥＲＮ：１０１２４－４３－３ＭＦ：＊Ｃｏ－Ｏ４－ＳＩＤＬＨ：＋２０ｍｇ／ｍ３（以钴计）氰化钙ＰＮ：ＣＡＬＣｌＵＭ－ＣＹＡＮＩＤＥＲＮ：５９２－０１－８ＭＦ：＊Ｃ２－Ｃａ...     

一氧化碳中毒合并急性肾衰临床分析

近５年来,我院共收治一氧化碳中毒患者７７例,其中合并急性肾衰（ＡＲＦ）３例,现报告如下。１临床资料男２例,女１例,年龄２９～４６岁。中毒至抢救时间均超过８小时并伴有深度昏迷;出现少尿时间为经治后１～３天;均有双下肢水肿,尿潜血阳性,肾功急剧恶化（ＳＣ...     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.