左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺在难治性心力衰竭治疗中的对比研究

目的评价左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺治疗难治性心力衰竭的临床疗效及不良反应。方法选择难治性心力衰竭患者70例,采用随机、对照的方法,分为治疗组(35例)和对照组(35例),两组基础治疗相同,治疗组给予左西孟旦治疗(剂量为0.05~0.2μg·kg-1·min-1),对照组给予多巴酚丁胺治疗(剂量为2~10μg·kg-1·min-1),治疗时间为7 d。观察治疗前后两组心脏功能及血清脑利钠肽(BNP)指标的变化。结果与对照组相比,治疗组心功能改善更加明显(P<0.05),BNP明显降低(P<0.01)。结论与多巴酚丁胺相比,左西孟旦治疗难治性心力衰竭疗效确切,显示出相对于其他传统正性肌力药物的优越性。     

左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺治疗脓毒症心肌病疗效对比

目的 比较应用左西孟旦和多巴酚丁胺治疗脓毒症心肌病患者的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析福建省立医院2018年1月至2020年12月收治的66例脓毒症心肌病患者,按照治疗方法的不同分为多巴酚丁胺组(n=32)和左西孟旦组(n=34),分别在常规治疗的基础上应用多巴酚丁胺和左西孟旦.分析治疗前后2组患者的N末端B型利尿钠肽原(N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)、肌钙蛋白I、乳酸水平、氧合指数、住院时间、住院死亡率、去甲肾上腺素总剂量以及不良反应情况.结果 治疗前,两组患者的NT-proBNP、肌钙蛋白I、乳酸、氧合指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的NT-proBNP、乳酸、肌钙蛋白I水平比治疗前降低,氧合指数比治疗前升高(均P<0.05).治疗后,左西孟旦组患者的NT-proBNP、肌钙蛋白I、乳酸水平、住院时间和去甲肾上腺素总剂量比多巴酚丁胺组低,氧合指数比多巴酚丁胺组高(均P<0.05);与多巴酚丁胺组相比,左西孟旦组心律失常发生率下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组死亡率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺相比,能更好地改善脓毒症心肌病患者的心功能,稳定血流动力学,减少住院时间,但无法降低住院死亡率.     

左西孟旦对脓毒性休克患者血流动力学及心肌损伤标志物的影响

目的探讨左西孟旦对脓毒性休克患者血流动力学及心肌损伤标志物的影响。 方法将38例液体复苏后左室射血分数（LVEF）<45%的脓毒性休克患者分为多巴酚丁胺组及左西孟旦组,每组均为19例。多巴酚丁胺组予以5 μg·kg^-1·min^-1多巴酚丁胺微泵连续24 h静脉维持;左西孟旦组予以0.2 μg·kg^-1·min^-1微泵连续24 h静脉维持。采用脉搏指示连续心排血量（PiCCO）监测血流动力学指标包括心率、中心静脉压（CVP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、每搏指数、心脏指数、左心室每搏工作指数（LVSWI）、外周血管阻力指数（SVRI）、胸腔内血容积指数（ITBVI）、全心舒张末容积指数（GEDI）、血管外肺水指数（EVLWI）、氧输送量指数（DO₂I）、氧耗量指数（VO₂I）变化;,并记录治疗前后人心型脂肪酸结合蛋白（h-FABP）、肌钙蛋白I（TNI）、脑钠肽、LVEF以及血乳酸水平。同时对两组患者机械通气时间、住ICU时间、住院时间以及28 d病死率进行比较。 结果两组患者治疗前心率（t=0.984,P=0.332）、CVP（t=0.979,P=0.334）、MAP（t=0.301,P=0.765）、每搏指数（t=0.320,P=0.750）、心脏指数（t=1.209,P=0.235）、LVSWI（t=1.306,P=0.200）、SVRI（t=1.365,P=0.181）、ITBVI（t=0841,P=0.406）、GEDI（t=0.706,P=0.484）、EVLWI（t=0.167,P=0.869）、DO₂I（t=0.467,P=0.644）、VO₂I（t=0.485,P=0.631）、h-FABP（t=1.462,P=0.152）、TNI（t=0.397,P=0.693）、脑钠肽（t=0.302,P=0.764）、LVEF（t=0.494,P=0.624）以及血乳酸水平（t=1.071,P=0.291）、比较,差异均无统计学意义。与多巴酚丁胺组相比较,左西孟旦治疗后SVI[（34 ± 10）ml/m² vs.（40 ± 9）ml/m²,t=2.261,P=0.030]、心脏指数[（3.1 ± 0.4）L·min^-1·m^-2 vs.（3.5 ± 0.3）L·min^-1·m^-2,t=3.487,P=0.001]、LVSWI[（33.8 ± 2.9）kg·min^-1·m^-2 vs.（36.9 ± 2.7）kg·min^-1·m^-2,t=3.410,P=0.002]、DO₂I[（720 ± 50）kg·min^-1·m^-2 vs.（755 ± 52）kg·min^-1·m^-2,t=2.133,P=0.040]及VO₂I[（127 ± 15）kg·min^-1·m^-2 vs.（140 ± 18）kg·min^-1·m^-2,t=2.241,P=0.031]、LVEF[（39 ± 8）% vs.（46 ± 8）%,t=2.485,P=0.018）]均明显增加,EVLWI [（8.9 ± 3.0）ml/kg vs.（6.4 ± 2.8）ml/kg,t=2.665,P=0.012]、h-FABP[（13.1 ± 3.8）μg/L vs.（8.5 ± 2.6）μg/L,t=4.355,P<0.001]、TNI[（0.28 ± 0.10）μg/L vs.（0.20 ± 0.11）μg/L,t=2.346,P=0.025]、脑钠肽[（381 ± 49）ng/L vs.（233 ± 39）ng/L,t=10.380,P<0.001]及血乳酸水平[（4.3 ± 1.0）mmol/L vs.（3.6 ± 0.8）mmol/L,t=2.383,P=0.022]均明显下降。但是两组患者机械通气时间、ICU时间、住院时间以及28 d病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义（t=0.171、0.209、0.290、0.117,P均>0.05）。 结论与多巴酚丁胺相比,左西孟旦可减轻脓毒性休克患者心肌损伤、增强心脏收缩功能、改善血流动力学及组织灌注。     

左西孟旦治疗慢性心力衰竭的效果

目的 探讨左西孟旦治疗慢性心力衰竭患者的效果.方法 回顾性选取2020年1月至2021年1月淄博市第六人民医院慢性心力衰竭患者100例,依据用药方法分为左西孟旦组、多巴酚丁胺组两组,每组50例.左西孟旦组患者接受左西孟旦注射液治疗,多巴酚丁胺组患者接受盐酸多巴酚丁胺注射液治疗.分析两组患者的血清Hcy、TGF-β水平、...     

左西孟旦与多巴酚丁胺对脓毒症休克患者心肌抑制影响的对比观察

目的:探讨脓毒症休克患者分别应用左西孟旦(LEV)与多巴酚丁胺(Dob)对心肌抑制的改善效果。方法:选取我院2014年7月~2016年6月收治的63例脓毒症休克患者,依照随机数字表法分为观察组(31例)和对照组(32例)。两组均给予常规基础治疗,在其基础上,对照组予以Dob治疗,观察组给予LEV治疗。记录比较两组治疗前后左室收缩期末容积指数(LVESI)、左室舒张期末容积指数(LVEDI)及左心射血分数(LVEF)、心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、脑钠肽(BNP)及急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分,预后情况。结果:与治疗前比较,两组治疗7 d时LVESI、LVEDI、LVEF,均显著改善(P0.01);且观察组改善程度较对照组相比,更为显著(P0.01);两组治疗7d时血清cTnI、BNP水平和APACHEⅡ评分,均显著低于治疗前(P0.01);与对照组治疗7d时相比,观察组心肌损伤指标及APACHEⅡ评分改善程度均更为显著(P0.01);观察组28d生存率为54.8%略高于对照组的50.0%,但组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:脓毒症休克患者应用LEV更有利于提高心脏功能,稳定病情,改善心肌抑制,具有较高临床推广价值。     

疏血通注射液对脓毒性休克患者微循环的影响

目的：分析疏血通注射液对脓毒性休克患者微循环的影响及治疗效果。方法采用前瞻性研究方法。将河北省中医院重症医学科收治的80例脓毒性休克患者按随机数字表法分为疏血通组和常规治疗组,每组40例。两组患者均按照脓毒性休克指南推荐的方法进行积极的液体复苏和抗感染等常规治疗;疏血通组在常规治疗基础上给予疏血通注射液6 mL加5%葡萄糖注射液250 mL静脉滴注（静滴）,每日1次,共用7 d。观察两组患者治疗前后的尿量、乳酸（Lac）、尿素氮（BUN）、肌酐（Cr）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、心排血指数（CI）。记录两组多巴胺、多巴酚丁胺、去甲肾上腺素等血管活性药物的总用量和28 d病死率。结果两组治疗前尿量、Lac、BUN、Cr、AST、ALT、LVEF、CI水平比较差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）;两组治疗后尿量、LVEF、CI均较治疗前增加,Lac、BUN、Cr、AST、ALT均较治疗前明显降低,且以疏血通组变化更显著〔尿量（mL/h）：112.1±39.8比73.3±28.5,LVEF：0.49±0.15比0.44±0.14,CI（mL·s-1·m-2）：66.2±5.7比54.2±6.2,Lac（mmol/L）：3.83±1.65比4.72±2.25,BUN（mmol/L）：7.1±2.7比9.3±3.5,Cr（μmol/L）：73.9±16.2比95.7±15.8,AST（U/L）：39.8±9.5比45.8±12.7,ALT（U/L）：34.3±9.7比41.7±11.3,均P＜0.05〕。疏血通组各种血管活性药物的总用量均明显少于常规治疗组〔多巴胺（mg）：993.1±261.7比1340.9±356.4,多巴酚丁胺（mg）：776.2±281.0比1049.2±364.3,去甲肾上腺素（mg）：56.4±34.6比107.6±51.3,均P＜0.05〕;疏血通组28 d病死率明显低于常规治疗组〔40.0%（16/40）比60.0%（24/40）,P＜0.05〕。结论疏血通注射液可以改善脓毒性休克患者的微循环灌注,降低患者病死率。     

脉冲式动脉复苏在抢救失血性休克家兔中的应用

目的：探讨动脉脉冲式血液回输在失血性休克复苏中的应用价值。方法将20只家兔按随机数字表法分别复苏组和对照组,每组10只。采用经颈总动脉放血制备家兔失血性休克模型,休克稳定30 min后开始复苏,复苏组5 s内从颈总动脉回输家兔自身血5 mL后输入生理盐水5 mL冲管,5 min重复1次,回输血量为总放血量的40%;对照组每隔5 min通过兔耳缘静脉匀速回输自身血5 mL+生理盐水5 mL冲管。监测两组家兔制模后0、30、60（开始复苏）、90 min时血压、尿量及血乳酸等指标的动态变化。结果外科准备阶段及休克30 min时无实验动物死亡;60 min时,复苏组无死亡,对照组死亡3只;90 min时,复苏组无死亡,对照组死亡6只。两组家兔制模0 min、30 min时血压、尿量及血乳酸均无明显差异。与30 min时比较,开始复苏时,复苏组平均动脉压（MAP）、脉压差明显升高,尿量明显增加,而血乳酸明显降低,并持续至90 min;而对照组各指标均无明显改善。与对照组比较,复苏组从开始复苏起MAP、脉压差均明显升高〔MAP（mmHg,1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa）：83.67±3.90比38.19±3.50,t＝24.672,P＝0.000;脉压差（mmHg）：16.46±2.21比10.27±2.99, t＝4.872,P＜0.000〕,尿量明显增加（mL·kg-1·min-1：3.683±0.740比0.100±0.054,t＝12.653,P＝0.000）,血乳酸明显降低（mmol/L：3.82±0.50比6.49±0.61,t＝-9.916,P＝0.000）,且制模后30 min、60 min乳酸清除率较对照组明显升高〔30 min：（0.26±0.11）%比（0.25±0.14）%,t＝-8.442,P＝0.000;60 min：（0.30±0.09）%比-（0.67±0.26）%,t＝-10.822,P＝0.000〕。结论失血性休克后动脉脉冲式回输部分血液,能较好地改善心血管功能,升高血压并增加尿量,纠正低氧血症,降低早期死亡率。     

多巴酚丁胺和多巴胺对低心排综合征患者血流动力学和氧代谢的影响

目的 :比较小剂量多巴胺及多巴酚丁胺对心脏手术后低心排综合征患者血流动力学和氧代谢的影响。方法 :12例心脏手术后低心排患者分别持续静脉泵入 5～ 10 μg·min- 1 ·kg- 1 多巴胺或多巴酚丁胺 ,观察血流动力学和氧代谢的改变。结果 :与给药前相比 ,10 μg·min- 1 ·kg- 1多巴胺和 5～ 10 μg·min- 1 ·kg- 1 多巴酚丁胺给药后均能显著提高心脏指数 (CI) ,但同样使CI增加5 0 %～ 70 % ,多巴酚丁胺只需 5 μg·min- 1 ·kg- 1 ,而多巴胺需要 10 μg·min- 1 ·kg- 1 。 5～ 10 μg·min- 1 ·kg- 1 多巴酚丁胺使体血管阻力指数 (SVRI)和肺动脉嵌顿压 (PAWP)显著降低 ,而多巴胺对SVRI和PAWP无显著影响 ,两者对肺动脉压 (PAP)和肺血管阻力指数 (PVRI)均无显著影响。5～ 10 μg·min- 1 ·kg- 1 多巴酚丁胺均导致氧输送指数 (DO2 )和氧耗指数 (VO2 )显著提高 ,但 5～10 μg·min- 1 ·kg- 1 多巴胺对DO2 和VO2 无明显影响。结论 :与多巴胺相比 ,多巴酚丁胺更为有效的提高CI和DO2 、降低心脏前后负荷 ,有助于改善组织缺氧。     

左西孟旦对急性心衰患者心功能及炎症介质的影响

目的：探讨左西孟旦对急性心衰患者心功能及炎症介质的影响。方法：选取2018年1月~2020年1月收治的急性心衰患者88例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各44例。对照组给予多巴酚丁胺,观察组在对照组基础上加用左西孟旦,10 d后对比心功能、N末端脑利钠肽前体、炎症介质。结果：观察组左室射血分数高于对照组,左室舒张末期容积、左室收缩末期容积、同型半胱氨酸、N末端脑利钠肽前体、超敏C-反应蛋白、白介素-6低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：多巴酚丁胺联合左西孟旦治疗急性心衰患者,可明显提高心功能,控制急性心力衰竭进展,抑制炎症反应。     

小剂量多巴酚丁胺与洋地黄治疗充血性心力衰竭疗效比较

目的：观察小剂量多巴酚丁胺与洋地黄治疗充血性心力衰竭的疗效。方法：选择经过多巴酚丁胺测试的心力衰竭患者 ３６例,随机分为多巴酚丁胺组（ｎ＝１９）和洋地黄组（ｎ＝１７）。前组用多巴酚丁胺２．５spg／（ｋｇ·ｍｉｎ）连续静脉滴注４８小时,每周１次,共８周,辅以利尿剂治疗。后组每天口服地高辛０．１２５～０．２５ｍｇ,急性发作时辅以西地兰０.２～０.８mg/d静脉注射以控制症状,辅以利尿剂,共８周。治疗前后观察患者的心功能级别,并作心脏超声心功能指数测定。结果：多巴酚丁胺心功能改善总有效率为８１．２％。洋地黄组总有效率为８０．３％。两组治疗前后,超声心功能指数明显改善。前组平均每例患者心力衰竭再次发作率为３２％,后者为７１％。结论：小剂量多巴酚丁胺反复应用及洋地黄治疗心衰都有明显疗效,但前者比后者更能减少复发。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.