扩张微导管在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变中的应用

目的评价扩张微导管(channel dilator)在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(chronic total occlusion,CTO)病变介入治疗中的安全性及疗效。方法5例冠状动脉CTO患者入选。其中4例右冠状动脉病变,1例左前降支病变;开口处病变2例,3例患者闭塞处有分支存在。5例患者均采用逆向导丝技术进行冠状动脉介入治疗。结果4例患者扩张微导管顺利通过间隔支,1例顺利通过回旋支至右冠状动脉侧支;其中2例通过圈套器套扎逆向导丝的方法完成介入治疗,2例逆向导丝通过扩张微导管送至前向指引导管内,1例扩张微导管未能送至闭塞血管近段,未能开通闭塞血管。5例患者住院期间均未出现并发症及死亡。结论扩张微导管用于冠状动脉CTO病变逆向介入治疗是安全、有效的。     

经心外膜下侧支循环逆向介入治疗冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变

目的 探讨应用我国市场已有器械,经心外膜下侧支循环血管,对慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变行逆向经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的可行性.方法 5例CTO病变均在常规正向PCI失败后,行逆向PCI.将7 F强支撑逆向指引导管送至供体血管,超滑导丝通过心外膜下侧支循环血管到达CTO病变远端,在微导管支持下交换较硬的导丝,逆向通过CTO病变,逆向导丝继续进入6 F正向指引导管,并在正向指引导管内球囊扩张锚定.逆向扩张病变后,正向导丝通过病变,用常规PCI方法完成手术.其中应用捕获逆向导丝技术和反向CART技术各1例.结果 在逆向导丝通过侧支循环的路径中,经左前降支至右冠状动脉远端3例,经左回旋支至右冠状动脉1例,经钝缘支至左前降支1例.其中4例成功开通CTO病变,完成支架置入术.另外1例虽然导丝及微导管到达CTO病变远端,但无法逆向通过闭塞病变.所有患者介入术中均未发生并发症.结论 在我国没有专门逆向PCI工具的情况下,如果室间隔支不适合作为逆向通道,心外膜下侧支循环在符合一定条件时也可作为逆向通道,进行CTO病变的逆向PCI.     

国产单环网篮导丝在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变逆向介入治疗中的应用

目的评价国产单环网篮导丝在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变(chronic total occlusion,CTO)逆向介入治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法连续入选2012年3月至2016年11月冠状动脉CTO病变逆向介入治疗中应用国产单环网篮导丝27例患者。分析患者的临床基本资料、CTO特点、网篮导丝使用情况、术中并发症发生情况及住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE,包括心源性死亡、再发急性心肌梗死和靶血管再次血运重建)发生情况。结果 27例患者术中均使用国产单环网篮导丝协助逆向导丝体外化,平均用时(3.5±5.4)min,其中单环网篮导丝协助微导管通过病变6例。26例患者成功置入支架,1例患者因冠状动脉严重钙化未能成功置入支架。术中未发生单环网篮导丝引起的夹层破裂、导丝断裂、圈套器不能松解、血管穿孔等严重并发症。住院期间无MACE发生。结论逆向介入治疗CTO过程中应用国产单环网篮导丝协助逆向导丝进入正向指引导管,完成逆向导丝体外化是安全、有效的,可以简化介入治疗操作步骤。     

逆向开通冠状动脉慢性完全性闭塞病变中预塑型导丝的应用

目的:探讨预塑型导丝在逆向开通复杂冠状动脉慢性完全性闭塞性病变(CTO)中通过侧支循环及闭塞段的有效性及安全性。方法:入选18例因血管条件不佳或闭塞段较长正向开通CTO病变失败的患者。分别穿刺双侧股动脉,植入7F鞘管,正向指引导管内采用Runthrough导丝携带130cm微导管于闭塞段处备用,逆向指引导管内采用Runthrough导丝携带150cm微导管至侧支循环内,藉由逆向微导管,分别采用普通软导丝或SION black预塑型导丝尝试通过侧支循环,直至进入靶血管远段真腔内,前送逆向微导管至闭塞段,分别交换为普通硬导丝或Gaia系列预塑型导丝直至成功逆向通过CTO闭塞段,采用微导管对接技术或内膜下寻径技术(CART),促使正向Runthrough导丝至CTO远段真腔内,后续球囊扩张后植入支架,完成经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)。结果:在18例患者中,SION black及Gaia预塑型导丝表现出良好的通过侧支循环及穿刺闭塞段的能力,减少了手术及曝光时间,术后患者无心包填塞、恶性心律失常等并发症的发生。结论:SION black及Gaia系列预塑型导丝与非预塑型导丝相比,在通过侧支循环所用时间及闭塞段通过率上均有优异的表现,且具有良好的安全性,应广泛应用于今后逆向开通CTO病变的PCI手术中。     

扩张微导管在慢性完全闭塞病变中的应用价值--经桡动脉正向介入治疗

目的：评价135 cm扩张微导管（corsair导管,Asahi Intec Co,Japan）在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞（chronic total occlusion,CTO）病变经桡动脉正向经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）中的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性入选了本中心2010年6月至2014年2月81例经桡动脉途径应用135 cm扩张微导管进行正向导引钢丝技术治疗的CTO病变患者,分析正向CTO-PCI成功率、扩张微导管通过闭塞病变成功率、球囊导管通过闭塞病变情况及导引钢丝通过闭塞病变情况,并观察住院期间不良事件发生率。结果81例应用135 cm扩张微导管经桡动脉正向介入治疗的患者中,66例患者正向导引钢丝通过CTO病变,65例患者正向CTO-PCI成功,成功率为80.2%;另有8例成功进行逆向导引钢丝介入治疗,总体PCI成功率90.1%。66例正向导引钢丝通过闭塞病变后,135 cm扩张微导管成功通过闭塞病变56例（84.8%）;扩张微导管通过闭塞病变后,球囊导管的使用数量为1.3个,显著低于扩张微导管未通过闭塞病变患者。66例正向导引钢丝通过闭塞病变的患者中,应用Fielder XT导引钢丝34例（51.5%）。住院期间随访未见扩张微导管嵌顿、折断、头端受损、血管穿孔等不良事件发生,无严重不良心脏事件发生。结论应用扩张微导管经桡动脉途径行正向CTO-PCI治疗是安全、有效的,可以简化介入治疗操作步骤,减少球囊导管等器械的使用,提高CTO病变介入治疗的手术成功率。     

自制圈套器在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变逆向介入治疗中的应用

目的 评价自制圈套器在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞（CTO）病变逆向介入治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法 连续入选2018年1月至2022年6月冠状动脉CTO病变逆向介入治疗患者74例，自制圈套器组32例使用自制圈套器辅助完成导丝体外化，无圈套器组42例采用逆向导丝直接进入指引导管完成导丝体外化。分析两组患者的临床基本资料、CTO病变特点、导丝体外化时间、成功率和并发症发生情况。结果 使用自制圈套器组比无圈套器组能更高效地完成导丝体外化[（6.8±1.2）min比（8.9±1.8）min,P<0.001]，且成功率更高（100.0%比85.7%,P=0.026）。使用自制圈套器组发生术后心脏压塞1例，两组手术并发症发生率的差异无统计学意义（P=0.432）。结论 CTO病变的逆向介入治疗过程中应用自制圈套器协助完成逆向导丝体外化具有安全、高效的特点，可提高逆向介入治疗的成功率。     

新型国产冠状动脉内微抓捕器在冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变逆向介入技术中应用的早期经验

目的本研究初步探讨冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变使用逆向介入技术时,利用新型国产微抓捕器在冠状动脉内抓捕逆向导丝的安全性及有效性。方法自2018年6月至2019年7月,连续入选广东省心血管病研究所CTO病变使用逆向介入技术时,逆向导丝体外化过程中应用新型国产微抓捕器12例患者。12例患者平均年龄66.8岁,平均CTO病变介入策略预测评分2.3分。12例患者中CTO病变位于右冠状动脉6例、左前降支6例。12例患者均是逆向导丝通过CTO后,由于各种原因逆向导丝反复不能进入正向指引导管内而使用新型国产冠状动脉内抓捕器辅助完成手术。结果利用新型国产微抓捕器在冠状动脉内抓捕逆向导丝平均耗时4.2 min,使用对比剂0 ml,术中术后无冠状动脉血管栓塞、穿孔、破裂、导丝不能松解等与使用新型国产抓捕器相关的并发症发生。结论使用新型国产微抓捕器在冠状动脉内抓捕逆向导丝是安全和高效的,但需要术者有丰富的CTO经皮冠状动脉介入治疗经验和轻松驾驭相关器械的能力。     

正向主动牵拉技术在逆向微导管无法通过闭塞段病变中的应用研究

目的观察正向主动牵拉技术在处理复杂冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变(CTO)逆向介入治疗逆向微导管通过闭塞段病变失败病例中的有效性和安全性。方法入选2018年1月至2021年1月行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的237例CTO病变患者中105例采用逆向介入治疗,其中8例采用常规方法逆向微导管通过CTO病变失败,后采用正向主动牵拉技术将无法通过的逆向微导管牵拉过闭塞段病变进入正向指引导管内完成介入手术。收集采用正向主动牵拉技术患者的临床资料、闭塞病变血管特征、介入相关参数、手术成功率及其并发症。结果本研究对在逆向介入治疗过程中采用常规方法使逆向微导管无法通过病变的8例患者,J-CTO评分为4.4±0.4,侧枝血管中室间隔血管占62.5%,心外膜血管占37.5%,采用正向主动牵拉技术,所有患者均通过闭塞病变,全部操作成功(8/8),手术成功率为(7/8),未观察到手术相关并发症发生。结论正向主动牵拉技术是处理逆向微导管无法通过闭塞段病变安全有效的方法,对优化逆向介入流程具有临床实用价值。     

逆向导丝技术治疗冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变255例临床分析

目的探讨逆向导丝技术治疗冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变的技术及疗效。方法收集沈阳军区总医院2004年8月至2015年5月收治的CTO病变患者。患者因正向导丝通过闭塞血管失败或冠状动脉造影(SCA)后估测正向导丝通过闭塞血管困难,并且侧支循环交通血管良好的冠状动脉CTO患者采取逆向导丝技术行冠脉内支架植入术,并进行术后随访。总结分析全部患者临床资料。结果共纳入255例患者,共开通CTO病变血管255支,平均闭塞时间为(4.35±3.98)年。其中左前降支(LAD)闭塞病变117例,右冠状动脉(RCA)闭塞病变132例,闭塞病变均有2~3级逆向侧支血管供血。术中平均应用造影剂(320.0±65.6)m L/例,药物洗脱支架平均(57.67±19.86)mm/例。一次手术成功率220例,再次手术成功20例,失败15例。88.9%患者采用右桡及右股动脉路入,11.1%应用双股动脉路入并使用8 F(1 F=0.33 mm)指引导管。术后患者均规律服用抗血小板及他汀类药物,并进行了电话和临床随访6~12个月,其中91.4%LAD CTO病变开通后患者心功能较前改善;86.1%RCA CTO开通后患者自觉症状改善。15例手术失败患者有1例接受冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG),1例手术成功患者术后6个月出现心绞痛症状,行SCA检查示RCA支架100%闭塞,并成功接受二次逆向导丝,手术成功;患者术后无心血管主要临床事件发生。结论多数正向导丝技术无法完成的冠脉病变,逆向导丝技术可明显提高手术成功率,发现及选择那些具有良好侧支循环及逆向通道的冠状动脉CTO病变进行逆向导丝介入治疗是安全、可行的,并可收到良好的疗效。     

Finecross微导管在逆行导丝技术治疗冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变中的应用

目的观察Finecross微导管在逆行导丝技术治疗慢性完全闭塞病变（CTO）中应用的效果。方法 35例CTO患者,其中20例右冠闭塞,15例前降支闭塞,闭塞病变的靶血管远端均有良好的侧支循环血管逆行供血,35例均采用Finecross微导管支撑导丝进行逆行冠状动脉介入治疗。结果 Finecross微导管直接通过侧支循环为25例,经小外径球囊低压力扩张侧支循环血管后Finecross微导管通过侧支循环为8例,手术最终成功30例,3例逆行导丝未通过闭塞病变,无并发症发生;2例Finecross微导管因侧支循环血管迂曲故未通过,其中1例导丝通过后微导管无法通过,且发生心包填塞,经及时治疗后未发生心血管事件,余34例未发生心血管事件。结论冠脉慢性完全闭塞病变血管成形术中合理应用Finecross可获得较好的安全性和有效性。     

Usefulness of a Collateral Channel Dilator for Antegrade Treatment of Chronic Total Occlusion of a Coronary Artery

Objectives: The aim of this study was to clarify the effectiveness of a collateral channel dilator microcatheter in antegrade percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) of a coronary artery. Background: The Corsair microcatheter, which was originally developed as a collateral channel dilator, has been reported to be useful for retrograde CTO‐PCI. Methods: We compared the success rate of the Corsair microcatheter collateral channel dilator for antegrade CTO‐PCI with a previously available microcatheter. We analyzed the data from 27 patients (32 CTOs) using the FinecrossMG (Finecross group) and the data from 31 patients (34 CTOs) using the Corsair (Corsair group). Results: There were no significant differences in the clinical or lesion characteristics between the 2 groups. The success rate for crossing the CTO by the microcatheter was 62.5% in the Finecross group and 85.3% in the Corsair group (P < 0.05). After the Corsair crossed the CTO, a 2‐mm diameter balloon catheter crossed the lesion in all the cases, but it crossed the lesion in only 17 of 20 cases in the Finecross group (85.0%, P < 0.05). The number of balloon catheters used for predilation was significantly less in the Corsair group compared with the Finecross group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The success rate for crossing of the microcatheters and the balloon catheters through the occlusion in antegrade CTO‐PCI was better with the Corsair than with the FinecrossMG. In addition, the use of the Corsair reduced the number of balloon catheters used for predilation in antegrade CTO‐PCI. (J Interven Cardiol 2012;25:533–539)     

Corsair微导管辅助Stingray球囊正向夹层再进入技术开通冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞病变的应用研究

目的探讨改良性BridgePoint系统即Corsair微导管替代CrossBoss导管辅助Stingray球囊的正向夹层再进入技术开通冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞(CTO)病变的安全性及有效性。方法对2016年6月至2019年9月空军军医大学第一附属医院连续应用Corsair微导管替代CrossBoss导管辅助Stingray球囊的正向夹层再进入技术尝试开通45例CTO病变患者的安全性、有效性进行分析。结果45例患者中男性41例(91.1%),平均年龄(58.5±12.6)岁,日本多中心CTO注册研究评分(J-CTO)为(2.42±0.75)分,均为补救性正向夹层再进入技术开通病变,均采用改良性BridgePoint系统即Corsair微导管替代CrossBoss导管辅助Stingray球囊的正向夹层再进入技术。40例(88.9%)开通成功,其中Corsair到位后调整导丝进入真腔3例,5例失败后通过其他正向技术或(和)逆向技术补救成功4例,导丝通过总体成功率为44例(97.8%)。2例围术期心肌梗死,均为非ST段抬高型心肌梗死;1例因边支闭塞行急诊介入再次血运重建,住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率为6.7%,手术成功42例(93.3%)。平均手术时间为(158±62)min,对比剂用量(452±167)ml。结论改良性BridgePoint系统即Corsair微导管替代CrossBoss导管辅助Stingray球囊的正向夹层再进入技术开通CTO病变成功率较高,安全可行。     

Successful recanalization of a chronic occluded left anterior descending coronary artery with a modification of the retrograde proximal true lumen puncture technique: The antegrade microcatheter probing technique

Chronic total occlusions (CTO) still remain one of the most technically challenging fields in interventional cardiology. Here we report a case of successful retrograde recanalization of an occluded proximal left anterior descending coronary artery with a modification of the “retrograde proximal true lumen puncture” technique. By combining this strategy with a novel antegrade guide wire access through a microcatheter which was placed into the antegrade guiding catheter with the “reverse anchoring balloon” technique (the “antegrade microcatheter probing” technique), the need for retrograde CTO lesion dilatations has been eliminated, making the procedure easier and faster. This modified retrograde approach might provide a feasible and safe technique for antegrade guide wire access during retrograde CTO recanalization. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

GuideLiner Mother‐and‐Child Guide Catheter Extension: A Simple Adjunctive Tool in PCI for Balloon Uncrossable Chronic Total Occlusions

Objectives

To investigate the use of the GuideLiner “mother‐and‐child” guide catheter extension system as a simple solution to facilitate initial device delivery in balloon uncrossable chronic total occlusions (CTOs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Background

During PCIs for CTO lesions, an important reason for procedural failure is the inability to deliver a balloon or microcatheter across the lesion.

Methods

We retrospectively accessed our interventional registry for 07/01/2010 to 03/21/2012 and extracted data on all CTO lesions involving GuideLiner catheter use. Cine review was performed to identify cases where a guidewire had crossed the CTO and the use of a GuideLiner catheter facilitated initial device delivery.

Results

We identified 28 patients that underwent PCI for CTO with a GuideLiner catheter used to assist initial balloon or microcatheter advancement across the culprit lesion. Mean overall CTO length was 26.3 ± 18.1 mm. The GuideLiner catheter was successful in delivering a small balloon to the CTO lesion in 85.7% of cases (24/28). A single CTO PCI resulted in a distal guidewire perforation, but there was no hemodynamic compromise or pericardial effusion and the patient was discharged the next day. Overall procedural success in these selected cases (where a guidewire had already crossed the CTO) was 89.3% (25/28).

Conclusions

The GuideLiner mother‐and‐child catheter is a simple, safe and efficacious adjunctive device for difficult CTO PCIs where despite standard measures it is not possible to deliver an initial balloon or microcatheter across the occluded segment.

     

The safety and feasibility of bilateral radial approach in chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention

Few studies have reported results for transradial (TR) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of bilateral radial PCI for CTO lesions.Eighty-five consecutive patients with CTO lesions received PCI via a bilateral TR approach. A high radial artery puncture (10-15 cm above styloid process) accommodating a 7 Fr catheter (85 cm long) was used for a retrograde approach, and a 6 Fr catheter was used in the other radial artery for an antegrade approach. Retrograde wiring was conducted primarily or after failure of antegrade wiring. Mean duration of CTO was 42.8 ± 54.9 months. Vessels with occlusions attempted were the left anterior descending artery (40.0%; 34/85), right coronary artery (58.8%; 50/85), and left circumflex artery (1/85). PCI re-attempts were made in 41.2% of the cases. The overall success rate was 87.1%. Retrograde wiring was successful in 61/85 cases (71.8%), via septal collaterals followed by epicardial collaterals and saphenous vein graft. There were no major complications (30 day in-hospital death, Q wave myocardial infarction, or emergency bypass surgery), or serious access site complications.For experienced TR-PCI operators who are already doing complex TR coronary interventions, the bilateral radial approach for CTO lesions appears feasible and safe.     

Different strategies of retrograde approach in coronary angioplasty for chronic total occlusion

Background:

Retrograde approach through the collateral channels has been recently proposed and has the potential to improve the success rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in chronic total occlusion (CTO) lesions of the coronary arteries.

Methods:

The author performed retrograde approach for CTO lesions in 45 patients from January 2006 to January 2007 at different medical institutions worldwide. The details of the techniques were examined retrospectively.

Results:

The septal branch route was used in 93% of the cases. The author classified the strategies into six types after the successful crossing of a guidewire into the target artery distal to the CTO lesion through the collateral channels. Among them, “Just landmark,” “Controlled antegrade and retrograde subintimal tracking,” and “Proximal true lumen puncture” strategies were used most frequently (32, 27, and 30%, respectively). The retrograde guidewires could be successfully passed distal to the CTO lesion in 37 patients (82%), among them the final PCI success was achieved in 31 patients, yielding the PCI success by pure retrograde approach of 69%. The final success rate among 45 patients including 42 patients with previous failed attempts was 84% (38 patients). There were no serious complications related to the retrograde approach.

Conclusions:

Retrograde approach with different strategies, mainly through septal arteries, can provide a high success rate with PCI, as shown in 83% of patients with previous failed attempts at traditional PCI for CTO lesions, with there being no serious complications. More experience of this technique and its refinement are required for further improvement of PCI techniques for CTO lesions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Chronic total occlusion intervention: a novel antegrade guidewire probing technique

We reported a case of successful recanalization of a left anterior descending (LAD) artery chronic total occlusion (CTO) with 'integrate guidewire probing technique.' After we mistakenly deployed a stent at the proximal LAD from left main (LM) into a diagonal branch across the mid LAD, this mid LAD CTO became further jailed under the stent. Antegrade wiring of this CTO lesion became exceptionally difficult. After several unsuccessful attempts with different guidewires and interventional techniques, we placed a retrograde microcatheter into the CTO lesion with its tip just situated at the stent strut. An antegrade guidewire supported by another microcatheter was targeted at the tip of the retrograde microcatheter and successfully crossed the CTO lesion. The LAD was successfully recanalized. This technique appeared to be feasible and safe to facilitate antegrade wire crossing of the CTO lesion.