Is there a correlation between the outcome of transurethral resection of prostate and preoperative degree of bladder outlet obstruction?

To compare the impact of transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) on symptom scores and maximal flow rates (Qmax) in patients with equivocal bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and definite BOO and to assess the relationship between the surgical outcomes and degree of preoperative BOO, we prospectively evaluated men with lower urinary tract symptoms and bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) greater than 20, who were refractory to conventional medical treatment and underwent TURP. Urodynamic evaluation, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry, post-void residual volume (PVR) check and transrectal ultrasound were performed. 20相似文献   

良性前列腺增生患者术前压力-流率测定的局限性

目的评估良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者术前行压力一流率测定的应用价值。方法BPH患者69例,根据尿动力学检查直线被动尿道阻力关系(PURR)图结果分为膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)组50例,无或可疑BOO组19例,术前行剩余尿、尿流率、膀胱有效容量和压力-流率测定,国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)。术后3个月复查比较尿动力学指标变化。结果无或可疑BOO组和有BOO组平均Qmax分别为12.8 ml/s和7.6 ml/s,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),2组年龄、膀胱最大容量、剩余尿、膀胱有效容量、IPSS和QOL等参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后2组平均Qmax分别提高了7.2 ml/s和10.8 ml/s,BOO组Qmax提高幅度与无或可疑BOO组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组IPSS和QOL与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),IPSS和QOL的改善幅度2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。BOO组术前逼尿肌活动过度21例(42%),无或可疑BOO例组逼尿肌活动过度7例(37%)。BOO组和无或可疑BOO组术后3个月IPSS和QOL等参数改善不明显分别有15例(30%)和6例(32%)。结论压力-流率测定有无BOO,对大部分BPH患者仍有预测疗效的作用;但术前膀胱有效容量大小以及逼尿肌活动过度等因素影响了手术疗效。部分伴严重下尿路症状(LUTS)的BPH患者无BOO,手术疗效满意。术前BPH患者压力-流率测定应有选择应用,结果分析个体化。     

经尿道前列腺电切术后下尿路症状改善的原因分析

目的分析存在下尿路症状（lower urinary tract symptoms,LUTS）的男性患者接受经尿道前列腺电切（transurethral resection of prostate,TURP）术后症状改善的原因。方法对2006年3月至2010年2月于北京朝阳区院接受TURP手术后症状改善的65例患者进行回顾性分析。记录术前国际前列腺症状评分（international prostate symptom score,IPSS）和生活质量（quality of life,QOL）评分,尿流率,残余尿及压力一流率检查的各项数据,术后随访并再次记录上述指标。按术前存在膀胱过度活动症（overactive bladder,OAB）及膀胱出口梗阻（bladder outlet obstruction,BOO）与否,分别将患者分为OAB组（n=34）与非OAB亚组（n=31）,及B00（n=48）与非B00亚组（n=17）。结果65例患者TURP术中无明显并发症发生,术后5例患者前尿道狭窄,19例逆向射精,11例急迫性尿失禁加重,分别给予针对性处理后症状缓解。整体患者术前、术后相应数据的配对t检验结果显示：术前IPSS评分22．67±4．92,术后IPSS10．51±5．79;术前刺激评分10．27土3．53,术后刺激评分6．32±3．45;术前梗阻评分12．13±3．92,术后梗阻评分4．19±3．33;术前QOL评分4．57±0．89,术后QOL评分2．27±1．30;术前尿流率（5．78±2．91）mL／s,术后尿流率（12．39±5．17）mL／s,术前残余尿（98．98±16．27）mL和术后残余尿（34．43±18．61）mL的配对t检验结果均有显著性意义（P〈0．01）,进一步分析两个亚组的相应数据具有统计学意义。站论前列腺增生导致下尿路症状的男性患者经尿道前列腺电切手术前后IPSS评分（刺激评分及梗阻评分）,生活质量评分均有显著变化;术前存在B00（伴或不伴OAB）的患者可于TURP术后症状改善、无或可疑BOO的患者也可试行TURP手术,术后症状也有望改善。     

Alpha-blocker test: Alternative to pressure–flow study of bladder outlet obstruction and detrusor contractility in patients without an enlarged prostate

OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether the cause of urinary disturbance in men with a prostate volume < or =20 mL can be determined by analyzing the efficacy of alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist (alpha-blocker) treatment. METHODS: Thirty-five men who were >50 years of age, with an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) > or =8 points, a quality of life (QOL) index > or =2 points and a prostate volume 20 mL served as controls. The alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist tamsulosin was administered at a dose of 0.2 mg/day for 4 weeks. Results for the IPSS, QOL index, free flowmetry and pressure-flow studies were obtained before and after tamsulosin administration. RESULTS: In both groups, tamsulosin improved the IPSS and QOL index and the bladder outlet obstruction index (BOOI) was lowered without reducing the bladder contractility index (BCI). No parameter showed a significant difference in treatment efficacy between the two groups. In the non-enlarged prostate group, both the pretreatment BOOI and BCI correlated with the efficacy of treatment in improving maximum flow rate (Qmax). In the enlarged prostate group, BOOI and BCI did not correlate with Qmax. When Qmax was improved by > or =3.5 mL/s, the positive predictive value for both pretreatment BOOI >40 and BCI >100 was 100% in the non-enlarged prostate group. CONCLUSIONS: The alpha-blocker test is one method to assess the presence of bladder outlet obstruction and the state of detrusor contractility in men without an enlarged prostate.     

Can preoperative detrusor underactivity influence surgical outcomes of 120 W HPS vaporization of the prostate (PVP) or holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP)? A serial 3‐year follow‐up study

Aims

To determine the influence of preoperative detrusor underactivity (DU) on serial long‐term outcomes of HPS/PVP or HoLEP for LUTS/BPH, and to compare the influence between the two surgeries.

Methods

A total of 382 men, who underwent 120W‐HPS/PVP or HoLEP for LUTS/BPH and for whom 36‐month follow‐up data were available, were classified into four groups: HPS with DU (n = 145), HPS without DU (n = 44), HoLEP with DU (n = 105), and HoLEP without DU (n = 88). DU was defined as bladder contractility index of <100. Surgical outcomes were assessed at postoperative 6, 12, 24, and 36 months using IPSS, uroflowmetry, and serum PSA.

Results

All four groups maintained improvements in voiding symptom score (VSS), storage symptom score, total‐IPSS, QOL index, maximum flow rate (Qmax), post‐void residual urine volume (PVR), and bladder voiding efficiency (BVE) compared with baseline up to 3 years postoperatively. There were no significant differences in improvements of postoperative IPSS parameters including QOL index between men with and without DU throughout the follow‐up period after HPS or HoLEP. In men with DU, there were no significant differences in improvements of postoperative QOL index, Qmax, PVR, or BVE between HPS and HoLEP groups throughout the follow‐up period, except for VSS and total IPSS. Serum PSA reductions after HoLEP were greater than after PVP.

Conclusions

Improvements in LUTS, Qmax, and BVE can maintain up to 3 years after HPS or HoLEP for LUTS/BPH, irrespective of the presence or absence of preoperative DU. Although HoLEP may provide more durable improvement of VS in men with DU than HPS, there seems to be no difference in improvement of QOL or Qmax or BVE between HPS and HoLEP.     

Assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men by international prostate symptom score and core lower urinary tract symptom score

Study Type – Therapy (symptom prevalence) Level of Evidence 2a What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) has been most commonly used for the symptom assessment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). However, LUTS in men are so variable that they may not be fully captured by the IPSS questionnaire alone. This study has demonstrated that the Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS) questionnaire, which addresses 10 important symptoms, is an appropriate initial assessment tool for LUTS in men with various diseases/conditions.

OBJECTIVE

? International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) has been commonly used to assess lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We have recently developed Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS). The aim of this study is to compare IPSS and CLSS for assessing LUTS in men.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

? Consecutive 515 men fulfilled IPSS and CLSS questionnaires. ? IPSS QOL Index was used as the QOL surrogate. ? The clinical diagnoses were BPH (n = 116), BPH with OAB wet (n = 80), prostate cancer (n = 128), prostatitis (n = 68), underactive bladder (n = 8), others (n = 72), and controls (e.g., occult blood) (n = 42). ? Simple statistics and predictability of poor QOL (QOL Index 4 or greater) were examined.

RESULTS

? All symptom scores were significantly increased in symptomatic men compared with controls. Scores of corresponding symptoms of two questionnaires were significantly correlated (r = 0.58–0.85, all P < 0.0001). ? A multivariate regression model to predict poor QOL indicated nine symptoms (daytime frequency, nocturia, urgency, urgency incontinence, slow stream, straining, incomplete emptying, bladder pain and urethral pain) as independent factors. ? The hazard ratios for bladder pain (2.2) and urgency incontinence (2.0) were among the highest. ? All the nine symptoms are addressed in CLSS, while three symptoms (urgency incontinence, bladder, and urethral pain) are dismissed in IPSS.

CONCLUSION

? CLSS questionnaire is more comprehensive than IPSS questionnaire for symptom assessment of men with various diseases/conditions, although both questionnaires can capture LUTS with possible negative impact on QOL.     

不同程度前列腺组织学炎症对良性前列腺增生临床进展性的影响

目的 探讨不同程度前列腺组织学炎症对良性前列腺增生(BPH)临床进展性的影响.方法 经尿道前列腺等离子电切术(PKRP)的83例BPH患者临床资料,根据病理结果伴炎症分为轻度炎症组和中重度炎症组,应用统计软件进行分析,比较各组之间临床进展性的差异.结果 83例患者中,63例伴有组织学炎症,检出率为75.90％,其中轻度炎症为44例(69.84％),中度16例(25.39％),重度3例(4.76％),轻度炎症组与中重度炎症组相比国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、前列腺体积(PV)、急性尿潴留(AUR)的发生率均明显增高(P＜0.05);最大尿流量(Qmax)明显降低(P=0.002);炎症程度越重,高梗阻分级所占的比例则越高(P=0.034)o结论 前列腺组织学炎症可增大PV,加重膀胱出血梗阻(BOO)程度,降低Qmax,加重患者下尿路(LUTS)症状,增加AUR等并发症的发生率,是BPH临床进展的重要因素之一.     

Prognostic value of a combination of IPSS,flow rate and residual urine volume compared to pressure-flow studies in the preoperative evaluation of symptomatic BPH

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the predictive value of a combination of IPSS, uroflowmetry and ultrasound determination of residual urine volume in the determination of bladder outflow obstruction (BOO) and in predicting treatment outcome. METHODS: Forty-five out of a group of 60 BPH symptomatic patients were included. Preoperative evaluation: urine culture, PSA, uroflowmetry with sonographic measurement of post-void residual urine, DRE, IPSS with quality of life questions and pressure-flow study. Selection criteria for surgery were IPSS > 16 and Qmax < 10 ml/s. Transurethral resection of the prostate was performed in these patients; the control visit was performed at 3 months. Treatment success was defined as Qmax above 15 ml/s, residual urine of less than 100 ml, a 50% reduction in IPSS and absence of urinary retention. RESULTS: Urodynamic abnormalities were found in 42 patients (93.3%): 19 had detrusor instability, 5 patients showed impaired contractility, 37 patients had proven BOO, and 8 patients were unobstructed or mildly obstructed. The overall success rate was 86% when measured by the IPSS. Its preoperative value was 16.9, and dropped significantly to 4 (P = 0.005). The score improved significantly after surgery only in the obstructed group compared to the non-obstructed group (P = 0.001), however preoperative IPSS did not correlate with objective treatment results. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of patients successfully operated (71.1%) had a combination of IPSS > 16 and Qmax < 10 ml/s, although BOO could not be accurately predicted with non-invasive methods alone. Patients with no or mild infravesical obstruction had only minimal improvement of IPSS and uroflowmetry following surgery.     

Epidemiologie des benignen Prostatasyndroms

In Germany, the condition of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is referred to as benign prostatic syndrome (BPS), reflecting the vast variation and interdependency of symptom severity, prostate volume, and micturition parameters. BPS is a progredient disease with distinguished risk factors for progression: age, symptom severity, prostate volume, and degree of obstruction. Therapy in Germany is provided by general practitioners and urologists. From a representative survey in Germany (the Herner BPS study), it can be calculated that among 11,674,900 men over 50 years of age, 3,230,000 have an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic enlargement, with prostate volume >25 ml). Moreover, 1,500,000 men with significant symptoms [International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) >7] have a prostate volume >40 ml, representing BPS with a high risk of progression, and 2,080,000 men show signs of obstruction (defined as Qmax <10 ml/s). Thirty percent of men with significant symptoms (IPSS >7) are treated medically, and an additional 20% have been prescribed medication for LUTS at least once. Ten percent of men in Germany are treated without evidence of symptoms. Based on published parameters of progression, 18.5% of men over 50 years of age will experience symptomatic progression (IPSS increase above four score points). Overall progression (symptomatic, surgery, or urinary retention) was 27% in 5 years. These findings show that BPS is a disease with substantial future effects on the German healthcare system.     

Photoselective laser vaporization of the prostate in the treatment of bladder outlet obstruction in advanced-stage prostate cancer: a single-center experience

Abstract Background and Purpose: The study in China is the first on photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) applied to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) or urinary retention from advanced-stage prostate cancer (PCa). The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PVP in the treatment of patients with BOO secondary to advanced-stage PCa. Patients and Methods: Forty-five patients (mean age 76.13±5.88 years, range 62-89 years) with BOO or urinary retention secondary to advanced-stage PCa received PVP with a potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser. The treatment outcome was evaluated with subjective and objective tests at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after PVP using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL) score, postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume, and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax). The operative time, indwelling catheterization time, and operative complications were also observed. Results: All 45 patients recovered without incident. The mean operative time was 50±7.6 minutes. The catheterization duration was 3.2 days (range 2-7 days). There was significant improvement in Qmax from 7.29±0.93 to 12.16±2.75?mL/sec after treatment at 12 months. Mean PVR volume decreased from 210.94±179.49 to 54.45±33.16?mL. Mean IPSS score decreased from preoperative 28.19±3.64 to postoperative 14.61±2.81 (P<0.05), QoL score decreased from 5.03±0.69 to 3.66±0.65 (P<0.05). There were no intraoperative adverse events. Postoperative complications included mild transient hematuria in 12 (26.7%) patients and mild dysuria in 11 (24.4%) patients within 4 weeks. Conclusions: The clinical results suggest that PVP is a safe, efficient, and less-invasive treatment for patients with BOO or urinary retention secondary to advanced-stage PCa.     

A pilot study of the use of fesoterodine in the management of men with refractory overactive bladder symptoms after surgery for bladder outlet obstruction

ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of long-acting fesoterodine on persistent lower urinary tract symptoms in men who have had previous surgical treatment for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).Materials and methodsSeventeen patients with overactive bladder (OAB) secondary to BOO, persisting for 3 months after the obstruction was surgically relieved, were treated with fesoterodine. Follow up was performed at 2 months, 3 months, and 7 months. The primary endpoint was change in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). The secondary endpoints were change in the maximum flow rate (Qmax) and postvoid residual (PVR).ResultsPatients receiving fesoterodine demonstrated trends for improvement in mean nocturia episodes (3.2–2.6, p = 0.065), IPSS irritative subscore (6.2–2.0, p = 0.066), and quality of life score (4.2–3.5, p = 0.067) over 7 months of follow up. There was also a reduction in the mean IPSS score which was not significant over time (18.8–15.1, p = 0.183). There was no significant change observed in Qmax or PVR. Six patients (33%) had significant side effects and did not complete the study.ConclusionPatients with persistent OAB symptoms after surgical treatment of BOO displayed possible reductions in the IPSS, IPSS irritative subscore, and mean number of nocturia events after 7 months of follow up, as well as trends for an increased quality of life when treated with fesoterodine. Larger trials are needed to help characterize the utility of fesoterodine in the treatment of persistent lower urinary tract symptoms after surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.     

社区中老年男性膀胱过度活动症患病率的调查研究

目的 探讨社区中老年男性膀胱过度活动症(OAB)的患病状况以及与年龄、下尿路症状的相关性.方法 2007年5月至2008年6月,随机选择50岁以上北京多个社区男性人群作为研究对象.下尿路症状的评估包括国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量(QOL)评分、腹部B超前列腺体积、残余尿量测定及最大尿流率测定.OAB的评估主要依据患者尿急的状况确定,将IPSS评分表中第4项得分≥2定义为OAB.结果 本研究共调查社区中老年男性人群1656人,符合本研究要求的共计1639人.年龄50～89岁,平均(64±10)岁.OAB的患病率为26.3%(431/1639).OAB的患病率与社区中老年男性的年龄、IPSS评分、QOL评分、前列腺体积、残余尿量以及最大尿流率均具有显著相关性(均P＜0.01).对年龄以及IPSS评分的分层研究发现,OAB的患病率随着年龄的增加以及下尿路症状的加重明显升高(P＜0.01).结论 社区中老年男性OAB的患病率随年龄增长逐渐增加,同时OAB明显影响中老年男性的生活质量.     

Association among the symptoms, quality of life and urodynamic parameters in patients with improved lower urinary tract symptoms following a transurethral resection of the prostate

AIMS: To investigate the associations of symptoms and the quality of life (QOL) with objective variables in a strictly selected large cohort of subjects with symptomatic benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in 557 males with BPO in whom a symptomatic improvement had been achieved by transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), thus suggesting that their lower urinary tract symptoms were primarily due to BPO. The association between the preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and QOL score with objective variables including the residual volumes, prostate size and urodynamic parameters was statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Maximum flow rate (Q(max)) positively and a residual urine volume (PVR) negatively correlated with symptoms and QOL score. Detrusor overactivity (DO) also was weakly, but broadly associated with the symptoms. Degree of detrusor contractility and bladder capacity had a weak association with only some storage symptoms. The degree of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) positively related to the scores on urgency, straining and total IPSS. Patients' age had positive correlation with the score on nocturia. The prostate volume was only negligibly correlated with either any symptoms or the QOL score. CONCLUSIONS: Parameters, such as Q(max) or PVR, obtained from the noninvasive urodynamics were most widely correlated with symptoms and QOL. Despite a large group with strict selection of men with LUTS possibly relating to BPO being studied, only weak association between the symptoms or QOL and objective parameters including urodynamics was confirmed.     

良性前列腺增生患者经尿道前列腺切除术后排尿症状改变及分析

目的 研究良性前列腺增生患者经尿道前列腺切除术后排尿症状的变化及其与术前临床参数的关系。方法 对281例良性前列腺增生手术患者进行随访,对其手术前、后排尿症状评分和术前临床资料进行分析。患者年龄（70±6）岁。术前前列腺体积（75±39）ml,血清总前列腺特异性抗原（T—PSA）（5±5）ng／ml,最大尿流率（8±3）ml／s,切除前列腺重量（32±19）g。术前国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）（24±7）分,生活质量评分（QOL）（4．6±1．0）分,平均梗阻症状（3．6±1．2）分,平均刺激症状（3．5±1．0）分。结果 术后IPSS（7±7）分,生活质量评分（1．2±1．1）分,与术前相比,均明显改善。不同排尿症状改善的幅度不同,平均梗阻症状的改善幅度大于平均刺激症状的改善。术后夜尿和尿频分别为（2．2±1．1）分和（1．2±1．4）分。结论 经尿道前列腺切除患者术后排尿症状明显改善,症状的改善程度与术前IPSS和QOL相关,而与患者年龄、术前前列腺体积、T-PSA、最大尿流率、切除前列腺重量无相关性。梗阻症状的改善优于刺激症状的改善,而夜尿是改善幅度最小的症状。     

福施乐治疗良性前列腺增生的临床研究

目的:观察福施乐治疗BPH的有效性和安全性。方法:采用多中心、开放性、自身前后对照的临床研究方法,对60例BPH患者采用福施乐治疗12周。以国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、膀胱残余尿(PVR)和前列腺体积为主要疗效指标,以生活质量评分(QOL)和平均尿流率(Qave)为次要疗效指标,来评价福施乐治疗BPH的效果。结果:治疗12周后,患者IPSS评分、Qmax、PVR、QOL评分、Qave均比治疗前明显改善(P<0.01),而前列腺体积治疗前后无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:福施乐可明显改善BPH患者的排尿症状,增加尿流率,减少残余尿,无明显不良反应,治疗BPH安全、有效。     

Efficacy of transurethral needle ablation of the prostate for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of transurethral needle ablation (TUNA) of the prostate for treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as one institute participating in a Japanese clinical trial. METHODS: Thirty-three patients with symptomatic BPH were treated with the TUNA procedure in our institute. The international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QOL) score, residual urine volume (RV), prostate volume (PV) and peak urinary flow rates (Qmax) were measured and complications were assessed. RESULTS: We followed and evaluated 30 of the 33 cases. At 12 months there were significant improvements in the IPSS (20.7 to 11.2, P < 0.0001), QOL score (4.9 to 2.1, P < 0.0001), RV (46.6 to 22.6 mL, P < 0.01), PV (37.8 to 30.0 mL3, P < 0.002) and Qmax (8.00 to 11.0 mL/s, P < 0.002). There were no serious complications. CONCLUSION: This trial shows that the TUNA procedure is a safe and efficacious treatment for symptomatic BPH.     

Efficacy and safety of dutasteride in Japanese men with benign prostatic hyperplasia

Objectives:   To assess the efficacy and safety of dutasteride in Japanese men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Methods:   This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. A total of 378 subjects with clinical BPH having an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) of 8 points or greater, a prostate volume of 30 mL or greater, and a maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) of 15 mL/s or less were randomized to receive placebo or dutasteride once daily for 52 weeks. Subjects were stratified according to tamsulosin use at baseline. The numbers of subjects with and without tamsulosin use were 242 and 136, respectively. IPSS, Qmax, prostate volume and drug safety were evaluated.
Results:   Continued improvement in IPSS was noted in the dutasteride group, and dutasteride significantly decreased IPSS compared with placebo. At week 52, dutasteride significantly improved Qmax and prostate volume compared with placebo. Drug-related sexual function events in the dutasteride group were infrequent and generally were not treatment limiting.
Conclusions:   Dutasteride improves urinary symptoms and flow rate and reduces prostate volume. In Japanese men with BPH, it is effective and generally well tolerated during the one-year treatment period.     

Correlation between the total volume,transitional zone volume of the prostate,transitional prostate zone index and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)

Objectives Currently available studies show controversial data between the symptoms of the lower urinary tract and the volume of the prostate gland. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between the score of the lower urinary tract symptoms assessed according to the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and the total (TV) and transitional (TZV) zone volume of the prostate and transitional prostate zone index (TZI). Materials and methods From 223 men with a mean age of 59.3 years (varying from 50 to 75), the scores of lower urinary tract symptoms, measured by the IPSS and TV and TZV, determined by transrectal ultrasonographies, were obtained. Furthermore, the TZI was determined in all cases by the TZV to TV rate of the prostate. The relationship between TV, TZV, and TZI and the data obtained using the symptoms score was statistically determined. Results The TV of the prostate were 25.5 ± 10.3, 25.0 ± 9.3, and 28.9 ± 13.5 g in individuals with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms, respectively (P = 0.15). Similarly, there was no significant difference when the TZV (7.6 ± 6.3, 7.6 ± 5.8, and 9.6 ± 6.8 g, respectively; P = 0.22) and the TZI (0.26 ± 0.1, 0.27 ± 0.1, and 0.30 ± 0.1, respectively; P = 0.33) were compared in the groups of men with mild, moderate, and severe symptoms of urinary difficulty. However, the quality of life (QoL) scores presented progressively worse values (1.7 ± 1.3, 3.1 ± 1.4, and 4.4 ± 1.2) as the severity of the lower urinary tract symptoms became worse (P < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the TV (r = 0.15; P = 0.02), TZV (r = 0.16; P = 0.02), and the TZI (r = 0.14; P = 0.03) with the prostate symptom scores showed low values although they were positive and statistically significant. The highest correlation was observed when the QoL related to urinary symptoms and symptom scores (r = 0.61; P < 0.001) was analyzed. Conclusions A low correlation was found between the score lower urinary tract symptoms assessed by IPSS and the different volumes of the prostate gland (TV, TZV) and prostate TZI, and, on the other hand, an inverse correlation between the intensity of urinary symptoms and QoL, supporting the idea of multifactorial aspects related to the genesis of urinary symptoms in men.     

Analysis of changes in lower urinary tract symptoms with aging

BACKGROUND: Urination disorders start to appear in an age-dependent fashion, which contribute to the degradation of quality of life (QOL) in erderly persons. This study focused on elucidating changes of the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and changing of voiding condition with aging in the subjects, who offered the health checks. METHODS: We evaluated urinary function in 225 Japanese males (age 20-79), estimated International prostate symptom score (IPSS), QOL score, uroflowmetry, prostate volume and residual urine (estimated from transabdominal ultrasonography). In addition, 539 females (age 20-89) were assigned IPSS and QOL scores. RESULTS: The distribution of severity of symptoms significantly changed with age in both sexes. QOL scores tended to increase in males, IPSS, prostate volume and residual urine were significantly increasing related to age, and advanced age was associated with a decline of voiding volume and Qmax. Comparison of QOL scores and IPSS criteria demonstrated a significantly positive correlation with incomplete emptying and a weak stream. A significant negative correlation was found between the QOL score and Qmax. The distribution of middle level of symptom, divided by clinical guideline for benign prostatic hyperplasia, significantly increased with age. On the other hand, in females, the QOL score seemed to be stable whilst there was a slight increase of IPSS. In contrast, frequency and incomplete emptying were significantly related to QOL scores. CONCLUSIONS: These investigations supported changing of lower urinary tract disorder with aging in both sexes. Since the approximate 50% of sixth and seventh decade males, classified to the middle level of symtom, which need treatment, the high incident of degradation of the LUTS with age, should predict for the future.