120例鼻咽癌放疗后远处转移的临床分析

目的 探索卢放、化疗鼻咽癌放疗后远处转移生存率的影响。方法 １８９年１月～１９９２年１２月１２０例鼻咽癌初次放疗后经胸片、Ｂ超、ＥＣＴ、ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ证实为上转移者将患者分成２组。治疗组（６２例）采用卢性主、化疗,化疗以ＣＦＰ、ＥＣＰ等方案２～６周期,离疗采用局部卢照射,骨转移Ｄ＋１５Ｇｙ０－３０Ｇｙ,肺转移Ｄ＋５０Ｇｙ－６０Ｇｙ、,肝转移Ｄ＋３０Ｇｙ～５０Ｇｙ。非治疗组５８例。结果 治疗 与非治疗     

鼻咽癌颈淋巴结CBS与常规分割法疗效对比

目的：了解同期缩野加量治疗在鼻咽癌颈淋巴结治疗中的作用。材料与方法：从１９９５年２月至１９９７年２月将１０８例初治鼻咽癌病人采用分层随机的方法分为同期缩野加量治疗组（实验组）和常规治疗组（对照组），两组颈淋巴结阳性者为３８例；实验组平均颈淋巴结大小为４．６８４ｃｍ，对照组为４．１４０ｃｍ，Ｐ〉０．０５；实验组平均颈部剂量为６８．６７Ｇｙ，对照组为６６．４２Ｇｙ，Ｐ〉０．０５。实验组平均颈部放疗天数     

鼻咽癌面颈联合野放疗对唾液腺功能的影响

为动态观察鼻咽癌病人行面颈联合野常规放疗前后唾液分泌量及有关成份浓度变化情况，分别对１８例病人于疗前、放疗１０Ｇｙ、２０Ｇｙ、３０Ｇｙ、４０Ｇｙ后取样。结果发现：①鼻咽癌患者放疗前无明显唾液腺功能障碍，随着放射剂量增加，分泌量逐渐减少，较面颈分野照射的病人症状发生程度无明显差异。②疗前患者唾液ｐＨ值正常，经照射后下降，并伴唾液Ｎ＋ａ浓度升高，Ｋ＋浓度下降。③唾液淀粉酶含量照射后较疗前要低。④唾液Ｃａ浓度疗后较疗前略升高     

鼻咽癌放疗后的颈动脉狭窄

ＣｈｅｎｇＳＷＫ等回顾性分析了９６例鼻咽癌患者放疗后颈动脉狭窄的状况。９６例均无颈动脉手术史 ,放疗为主要治疗或术后辅助治疗。原发灶放疗量为６４Ｇｙ～７２Ｇｙ,若颈部淋巴结阴性 ,颈部放疗量为４５Ｇｙ～５０Ｇｙ,若颈部淋巴结阳性 ,颈部放疗量为６０Ｇｙ～６６Ｇｙ。放疗结束时间至少１２个月以上。所有患者的双侧颈总、颈内和颈外动脉均行彩色多普勒超声检查。颈动脉狭窄程度≥７０ %为有临床意义。对年龄、性别、吸烟史、糖尿病、缺血性心脏病、脑血管病、放疗后时间间隔等因素作单独分析。以９６例健康人作为对照组。所得数据…     

逐步递量加速超分割放射治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌

目的：研究逐步递量加速超分割放射治疗（ＥＨＡＲＴ）局部晚期鼻咽癌的近期疗效和急性反应。方法：１９９９年４月－２０００年２月６４例Ｔ３－４Ｎ０Ｍ０、ＫＰＳ≥８０的鼻咽癌患者进入本研究,并随机分为常规分割放疗（ＣＦＲＴ）组和ＥＨＡＲＴ组,每组各３２例;ＣＦＲＴ组采用２Ｇｙ／次,５次／周的方法,鼻咽靶区中心总剂量６８－７６Ｇｙ,中位数７０Ｇｙ,３４－３８次,７－８周;上颈部剂量４６－５６Ｇｙ,２３－２８     

265例鼻咽癌疗效分析

目的分析鼻咽癌治疗失败的主要原因并探讨提高生存率的方法。方法１９８８年４月至１９９１年１２月，共收治鼻咽癌２６５例，其中Ⅰ期５例，Ⅱ期７３例，Ⅲ期１１３例，Ⅳ期７４例，年龄１３～７８岁。采取６０Ｃｏ及深部Ｘ线照射。原发灶剂量６０～８０Ｇｙ／６～８ＷＫｓ，颈转移灶５５～７４Ｇｙ／５～７ＷＫｓ。对Ｎ２和Ｎ３中分单放与放疗前ＤＤＰ，５－Ｆｕ诱导化疗。随机分组各５０例。结果总５年生存率３８．５％。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期分别为８０．０％、６１．６％、３６．３％、１６．２％。局部复发和远处转移是治疗失败的主要原因。结论早期诊治是提高生存率的关键，减少原发灶复发应以ＣＴ为准。合理设计照射野，建议将常规耳前野的后界延至外耳孔后缘１～２厘米；对超腔、累及口咽、咽旁间隙、茎突后间隙及伴颈深上淋巴结转移者尽量使用面颈联合野，放疗前诱导化疗对Ｎ２和Ｎ３病例近期疗效满意。     

加速超分割放射治疗鼻咽癌前瞻性研究的近期结果

目的：为了探讨加速超分割放射治疗鼻咽癌的临床效果和早、晚期放射反应。方法：１９９５年１月～１９９６年７月首次住院放疗的鼻咽癌患者２６６例。随机分为加速超分割（ＡＨＦ）和常规分次（ＣＦ）对照两组，均经ＣＴ或ＭＲＩ检查及Ｐｌａｔｏ治疗计划系统设计布野。对鼻咽部ＡＨＦ组方案为ＤＴ７９．２Ｇｙ／７２次／２４个治疗日，全程３２天，１．１Ｇｙ／次，每天３次，各次之间间隔＞６ｈ；对照组的方案是ＤＴ７０Ｇｙ／３５次７周，２Ｇｙ／次，每周５次。颈结（＋）给予治疗量，ＡＨＦ组７９．２Ｇｙ，对照组７０Ｇｙ；颈结（－）给予预防量，ＡＨＦ组５０Ｇｙ，对照组４５Ｇｙ。结果：ＡＨＦ组的疗终病灶全消和１年生存率优于对照组，差异有统计学意义。而急性放射反应，则明显重于对照组，皮肤粘膜Ⅲ度放射反应增多。差异非常显著。实验组有１０．７％患者需要短期中断疗程和支持治疗。结论：加速超分割放疗鼻咽癌的近期效果较好，疗终病灶全消率和１年生存率均优于常规分次组（Ｐ＜０．０１和０．０５）。虽然急性放射反应较重，但大多数患者可以耐受。     

顺铂加阿霉素同期化疗治疗晚期鼻咽癌的临床研究

目的：观察顺铂、阿霉素同期化放疗治疗局部晚期鼻咽癌的疗效及毒副反应,探讨该方案的临床可行性。方法：３２例Ｔ３－４Ｎ２－３Ｍ０局部晚期鼻咽癌患者进入综合治疗组,分别在放疗第１、２２、４３ｄ接受顺铂７０ｍｇ／ｍ＾２＋阿霉素３０ｍｇ／ｍ＾２同期化疗,化疗当天及第二天水化利尿。另配对选取３２例单纯放疗者为对照组。结果：所有病例如期完成治疗。放疗４０Ｇｙ时,综合组颈淋巴结有效率较高（Ｐ〈０．０５）;放疗结束     

非小细胞肺癌根治术后残端复发的放射治疗

目的评价和分析非小细胞肺癌根治术后残端复发的放射治疗疗效及预后因素。材料与方法从１９７０年２月至１９９３年初，３９例肺癌根治术后残端复发的病人入组分析。中位年龄５９岁，术后至复发时间３～５０月，始发复发症状至确诊时间０～２０月。伴有淋巴结转移者１８例，残端复发有组织学诊断２８例。８例加腔内放疗８～３０Ｇｙ／１～３次，２例加化疗，６例单纯腔内放疗１２～３０Ｇｙ／２～３次。单纯外照射剂量为４５～７０Ｇｙ，加腔内放疗者为２０～６０Ｇｙ。结果症状缓解率达９０％左右，５年生存率２３．０±７．５％。单纯残端复发者５年生存率３８．１±１１．０％，而伴有淋巴结转移者无３年存活（Ｐ＜０．００３）。始发复发症状至确诊时间＜２月与≥２月者，５年生存率分别为３３．７±１２．０％与１２．６±８．２％（Ｐ＞０．１０４５）。在６例行单纯腔内放疗中，２例长期生存。Ｃｏｘ回归分析仅残端复发是否伴有淋巴结转移为影响预后的重要因素。结论放射治疗是治疗非小细胞肺癌根治术后残端复发的重要手段，尤其单纯残端复发者可取得满意结果     

56例乳腺癌术后胸壁复发放射治疗价值

１９８０年至１９９０年间，我院对５６例有病理证实的乳腺癌术后胸壁复发患者进行了放疗，放疗后病灶完全消失３０例，残存２０例，６例无变化或恶化。１、３、５年生存率分别为８７．５％、５８、９％、２６．８％。手术组与术后放疗组５年生存率无明显差异（２９．０％与２４．０％），作者统计，术后腋淋巴结转移数目与胸壁复发有直接关系，乳腺癌术后腋淋巴结阳性数目递增，胸壁复发率随之增高。而乳癌术后放疗有可能延迟复发时间，故绝经前妇女、雌激素受体阳性及腋下淋巴结阳性患者，不仅要进行内分泌治疗而且要进行胸壁和区域淋巴引流区放疗，对术后胸壁复发患者，应积极行放射治疗，复发灶放疗剂量以５０Ｇｙ～７０Ｇｙ为宜。     

影响N0期鼻咽癌放射治疗后颈淋巴结复发因素分析

目的分析颈淋巴结阴性(N0)鼻咽癌放射治疗后颈淋巴结复发的影响因素。方法采用Logistic回归方法回顾性分析接受放射治疗的N0期鼻咽癌211例复发因素。结果211例N0期鼻咽癌放射治疗后49例复发。采用面颈联合野放射治疗,上颈预防剂量>50 Gy比面颈分野上颈剂量50 Gy者颈淋巴结复发率低（t=12.93,P=0.000)。咽旁间隙受侵,T分期高,颈淋巴结复发率高（t=14.91,P=0.001及t=8.78,P=0.003)。全颈预防照射比单纯上颈预防照射的下颈复发率低（χ     

颈段食管癌91例外科治疗经验总结

本文报告了颈段食管癌91例外科治疗的经验，手术方式以食管内翻剥脱、全食管切除的方法最好，将胃或结肠从食管床上提到颈部。根据病变上缘的位置决定是否保留候。T3、T1病变占绝大多数，本组为81例（占89％）。以术前放疗加手术的治疗方式疗效最好，3年生存率54．3％，5年生存率51．6％，优于单纯手术及单纯放疗。本组病例术后下颈部及锁骨上复发17例，占18．6％，纵隔淋巴结转移2例，占2．2％。术前放疗皮包括颈部淋巴结，而且手术时应根据情况考虑颈部淋巴结清扫及纵隔淋巴结清扫，以提高治愈率。     

术前放疗控制声门上型喉癌患者的颈部复发

目的 研究术前放疗对声门上型喉癌患者颈癌淋巴结控制作用。方法 随机对照的声门型喉癌患者共２１０例,９例失随,不包括在此分析中,其余２０１例均随诊３年以上或到死亡,其中放疗＋手术９９例（包括１５例未完成治疗）,订前放疗量４０Ｇｙ,单纯手术１０２例。结果 两组Ｋａｐｌａｎ－Ｍｅｉｅｒ生存曲线差异无显著性;采用Ｃｏｘ回归模型分析发现,与单纯手术组相比,放疗＋手术组颈部复发的相对危险性有下降趋势。放疗＋手     

125Ⅰ粒子治疗头颈部肿瘤颈淋巴结放疗后复发的结果分析

目的 探讨125I粒子植入治疗头颈部肿瘤单纯放疗后淋巴结复发及颈清扫+放疗后淋巴结复发患者疗效.方法 2002年9月至2009年7月收治的36例患者入组,其中单纯颈部放疗后淋巴结复发17例,颈清扫+放疗后淋巴结复发19例.局部麻醉超声或CT引导下植入3～78个粒子.粒子针间距1 cm,后退式植入粒子间距为1 cm,距影像学边界外0.5 cm.术后剂量验证实际D90为90～160 Gy,中位数130Gy.结果 随访率为100%,随访满1、2年者分别为11、3例.总反应率为81%,1、2年局部控制率分别为69%、35%,生存率分别为50%、22%;颈清扫+放疗后复发组的1、2年局部控制率分别为72%、54%,单纯颈部放疗后复发组分别为67%、50%(χ2=0.00,P=0.965);生存率分别为48%、13%和51%、39%(χ2=0.17,P=0.676).结论 125I粒子植入治疗头颈部肿瘤单纯放疗后淋巴结复发及颈清扫+放疗后淋巴结复发患者是一种安全、有效的微创挽救治疗手段.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the efficacy and the feasibility of 125I seed implantation for recurrence cervical lymph node of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy or radiotherapy plus neck dissection. Methods Thirty-six patients with the recurrence cervical lymphnode of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy (17 patients) or radiotherapy plus neck dissection (19 patients) were treated with 125I seed implantation guided by ultrasound or CT under local anesthesia. The median number of seeds was 27( range from 3 to 78 ). Postoperative quality evaluation were routinely obtained for all patients. The actuarial D90 ranged from 90-160 Gy (median, 130 Gy). Results The follow-up rate was 100%. The number of the patients who were followed up over 1-and 2-year were 11 and 3. The overall response rate was 81%. The 1-and 2-year over local control rates, over survival rates were 69% and 35%, 50% and 22%, respectively.The 1-and 2-year local control rates in patients with recurrence node after radiotherapy plus neck dissection were 72% and 54%, while those were 67% and 50% in patients with recurrence node after radiotherapy,respectively (χ2=00,P=0.965). The 1-and 2-year survival rates in two groups were 48%, 13% , and 51%, 39%, respectively (χ2=0.17, P=0.676). Conclusions 125I seed implantation is a safe,minimal invasive with low morbidity and high efficacy salvage treatment method for cervical lymph node recurrence of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy with or without neck dissection.     

N0期鼻咽癌颈部可疑阳性淋巴结64Gy放疗疗效观察

[目的]观察N0期鼻咽癌患者颈部可疑阳性淋巴结（最大横断面短径≥0.5cm但〈1cm、包膜完整、无中央坏死）给予放疗剂量64Gy时的疗效,患者的不良反应及预后。[方法]66例N0期鼻咽癌患者,颈部可疑阳性淋巴结予以64Gy的放疗剂量,以MRI检查为标准,评价疗效。[结果]放疗剂量达64Gy时颈部淋巴结转移灶完全缓解62例,有效率达93.9%,放疗前后淋巴结消退情况差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。在治疗结束时所有患者均出现Ⅰ级放射性皮炎,并在5年随访过程中无颈部淋巴结复发,无颈部皮下组织纤维化患者。[结论]64Gy的放疗剂量对鼻咽癌颈部可疑阳性淋巴结转移能很好地控制,且不良反应较轻,患者可耐受。     

鼻咽癌颈部转移淋巴结放疗后残留影响因素的Logistic回归分析

目的：探讨鼻咽癌颈转移淋巴结放疗后残留的影响因素,指导鼻咽癌治疗计划制定,减少颈淋巴结残留。方法：选取2003年4月至2004年4月鼻咽癌颈淋巴结转移患者260例,其中放疗后有颈部淋巴结残留100例,研究颈转移淋巴结大小等24个因素与放疗后淋巴结残留的关系,应用SPSS13.0进行χ2检验的单因素分析、Logistic多元回归分析筛选影响因素。结果：单因素分析显示淋巴结部位、个数、大小、活动度,T分期,N分期,化疗,鼻咽部剂量,淋巴结剂量,合并症,WBC下降,HGB下降,颈皮肤反应,粘膜反应,消化道反应,热疗16个因素与颈淋巴结残留有关。多因素研究发现淋巴结部位、大小、活动度,T分期,化疗,淋巴结剂量,消化道反应,颈皮肤反应8个因素为颈转移淋巴结残留的独立影响因素。结论：充分考虑淋巴结部位、大小等因素,合理制定鼻咽癌治疗方案,可减少颈部转移淋巴结的残留。     

Radiation therapy, cisplatin and hyperthermia in combination in management of patients with recurrent carcinomas of the head and neck with metastatic cervical lymph nodes.

Twenty-one patients with recurrent carcinomas of the head and neck with metastatic cervical lymph nodes were treated with radiation therapy, cisplatin and hyperthermia in combination, in an attempt to investigate any potential contribution in terms of safety, response, duration of palliation and quality of life. Patients not initially treated with radiation therapy were treated with a median dose of 70 Gy and patients initially treated with radiation therapy with a median dose of 30Gy. The median number of weekly cisplatin courses was five and the median number of twice weekly local external ultrasound hyperthermia sessions was five. Average T90, Average T50 and Average T10 were 39.9 +/- 1.2 degrees C, 42.4 +/- 1.3 degrees C and 44.5 +/- 0.8 degrees C, respectively, and Average CEM 43 degrees C T90, Average CEM 43 degrees C T50 and Average CEM 43 degrees C T10 were 7.8+/-9.6min, 22.6 +/- 18.8min and 39.3 +/- 25.1min, respectively. Mean follow-up was 1 year. Nodal complete response was achieved in eight patients and palliation of presenting symptoms in 19. Overall survival was 39% at 1 year. Grade 3 acute skin toxicity was observed in one patient and Grade 3 acute haematological toxicity in one. Radiation therapy, cisplatin and hyperthermia in combination appear to be safe and might improve response, prolong duration of palliation and reinstate quality of life in patients with recurrent carcinomas of the head and neck with metastatic cervical lymph nodes.     

鼻咽癌后程非常规放疗的预后分析

目的 回顾性分析鼻咽癌后程非常规分割放疗后的效果和失败因素.方法 133例初治鼻咽低分化鳞癌患者进入研究.采用6 MV X线照射,原发灶先面颈野常规放疗34.56Gy（1.92Gy/次,1次/d,共18 d）;后缩野为耳前野加速分割放疗1.25～1.50Gy/次,2次/d,6～8 d;再后为耳前野加小野补量1.90Gy/次（上午）与1.30Gy/次（下午）,2次/d,6～8 d;2次间隔时间≥6 h,5/d周.病灶中位剂量78Gy,中位时间47d.颈部淋巴结有转移的常规放疗67Gy,无转移的常规放疗50～55Gy,中位时间43d.结果 T1、T2、T3、T4期局部控制率分别为100%、96.6%、96.6%、78.4%,全组5年总生存率和无瘤生存率分别为73.3%和70.8%.共14项因素用于临床预后分析,其中单因素有8项对5年生存率有影响（P＜0.01）,Cox多因素分析远处转移、下颈和锁骨上以及双侧颈淋巴结转移、鼻咽复发均有统计学意义（P值分别为0.000、0.016、0.044、0.041）.结论鼻咽原发灶和颈淋巴结转移灶局部控制率和生存率均较过去提高,治疗失败和死亡的主要原因是远处转移.     

Microvessel density predicts the radiosensitivity of metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes.

Cervical lymph node metastasis is the most common recurrence pattern of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and it is usually treated with radiation therapy and/or neck dissection. There has long been a desire for markers useful in predicting radiosensitivity to enable assignment of patients with recurrent head and neck cancer to clinical trials to improve their survival rates and quality of life. A total of 43 cases of HNSCC treated with whole or elective neck irradiation (total dose, 26-70 Gy; median, 60 Gy) for recurrent metastatic SCC in neck lymph nodes after neck dissection between 1992 and 1999 were the subject of this study. The relationship between radiosensitivity and clinicopathological and histopathological factors, including the Ki-67-labeling index for cell proliferation, p53 immunoreactivity and microvessel density (MVD), in surgical neck lymph node specimens were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis. Of the 43 patients, 31 had recurrent tumors in neck lymph nodes after radiotherapy. Univariate analysis revealed significant associations between radiosensitivity and both high grade of keratinization (p=0.033) and low MVD (p=0.004), and marginally significant associations between radiosensitivity and grade of differentiation of the cancer in the lymph nodes (p=0.070). Multivariate analysis showed that only MVD had predictive value (p=0.016). Tumors with a high MVD possessed a significantly better neck control rate than tumors with a low MVD (p=0.004) by Kaplan-Meier analysis. MVD can be used as a good predictive marker for radiosensitivity of metastatic HNSCCs in cervical lymph nodes after neck dissection.     

Salvage surgery for cervical residual and recurrent lesions of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy

Recently, in spite of the great progress made in the radiotherapy for NPC, there remains 10 approximately 20% of patients who would die of their cervical lesions, either residual or recurrent after irradiation. It is well known that the skin of the neck can not tolerate too high a dose of radiation and the cervical metastatic lymph nodes of NPC may be less sensitive to radiation than the primary. From April 1977 to March 1987, 79 NPC patients with persistent cervical lymph node metastasis after irradiation were treated by salvage surgery (31 residual and 48 recurrent cancers). Most of the lesions were located in the upper neck (64 cases) and a few along the margin of previous radiation field, such as submaxillary or posterior cervical triangle. Of the 69 patients treated by salvage neck dissection, 38 were confirmed pathologically to have soft tissues involvement, such as sternocleidomastoid, digastric, splenius, and levator scapular muscles, and 2 had hypoglossus nerve and carotid sheath involvement. The authors emphasized that all the involved tissues, such as skin, muscle, nerve or jugular vein should be resected completely. If the neck defect could not be closed primarily, the pectoral major myocutaneous flap (7 cases) or lateral trapezius myocutaneous flap (3 cases) were used for repair. There were no postoperative complications. 32 patients were followed over 3 years with a 3-year survival rate of 34% (11/32). 43 were followed less than 3 years. 31 were alive and 12 were dead.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)