Increased expression of DLX2 correlates with advanced stage of gastric adenocarcinoma

AIM:To investigate the expression of distal-less homeobox 2 (DLX2) in gastric adenocarcinoma and its clinicopathological significance. METHODS:Gastric adenocarcinoma tissues were obtained from gastrectomy specimens of 129 patients from the Department of Surgery and Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. Sixty cases of normal gastric tissues were collected from gastrectomy specimens of adjacent gastric cancer margins greater than 5 cm. Patient diagnosis was established pathologically, and no patient had received chemotherapy or radiotherapy before surgery. All tissue specimens were formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to investigate the expression of DLX2 in 129 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and 60 adjacent normal tissues. The immunos-taining reaction was semiquantitatively evaluated based on the proportion of positive cells and the median staining intensity in normal gastric epithelial cells or tumor cells. All patients had follow-up records for more than 5 years. Correlations of DLX2 expression with clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were analyzed. All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 17.0 software. RESULTS:The positive expression of DLX2 was detected in 68 (52.7%) cases of 129 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and 14 (23.3%) cases of 60 adjacent normal tissues. The difference in DLX2 expression between gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and adjacent normal tissues was statistically significant (Ⅹ2 = 14.391, P < 0.001). Moreover, high expression of DLX2 was detected in 48 (37.2%) cases of 129 human gastric cancer tissues, but not in adjacent normal tissues. The expression of DLX2 correlated with the size of tumor (P = 0.001), depth of invasion (P = 0.008), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023) and tumor-node-metastasis stages (P = 0.020), but was not correlated with age, gender, histological differentiation and distant metastasis. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that s     

Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 gene amplification in gastric cancer using tissue microarray technology

AIM:To assess human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-status in gastric cancer and matched lymph node metastases by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH).METHODS:120 cases of primary gastric carcinomas and 45 matched lymph node metastases from patients with full clinicopathological features were mounted onto multiple-punch and single-punch tissue microarrays,respectively,and examined for HER2 overexpression and gene amplification by IHC and CISH.RESULTS:Twenty-four tumors (20%) expressed HER2 immunohistochemically.An IHC score of ≥ 2+ was observed in 20 tumors (16.6%).HER2 amplification was detected by CISH in 19 tumors (15.8%) and in their matched lymph node metastases.A high concordancerate was found between HER2 positivity (as detected by IHC) and HER2 gene amplification (as detected by CISH),since 19 of the 20 IHC positive cases were amplified (95%).All amplified cases had 2+ or 3+ IHC results.Amplification was associated with intestinal phenotype (P 0.05).No association with grading,staging or survival was found.CONCLUSION:In gastric cancer,HER2 amplification is the main mechanism for HER2 protein overexpression and is preserved in lymph node metastases.     

磨玻璃样影与实性结节型肺癌并发陈旧性肺结核的临床特点

目的 对比分析表现为磨玻璃样影(ground-glass opacity,GGO)型肺癌(简称“GGO型肺癌”)并发陈旧性肺结核与实性结节(subsolid-nodule,SN)型肺癌(简称“SN型肺癌”)并发陈旧性肺结核的不同临床特点,以达到早期识别及治疗磨玻璃样影肺癌并发陈旧性肺结核的目的。方法 收集我院自2008年1月 至 2018年2月确诊并符合入组标准的 45 例肺癌并发陈旧性肺结核的患者,将GGO型肺癌并发陈旧性肺结核的患者设为研究组(简称“GGO组”,共16例),SN型肺癌并发陈旧性肺结核患者设为对照组(简称“SN组”,共29例),回顾性分析两组患者临床表现、CT扫描表现、手术方式、病理类型等。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ ²检验,均以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 (1)年龄:GGO组平均年龄(51.0±6.1)岁,SN组(59.6±8.4)岁,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=3.58, P<0.001)。(2)结核病史:GGO组平均(19.5±2.6)年, SN组平均(23.3±3.1)年,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.16, P<0.001)。(3)确诊时间:GGO组平均(382.0±27.0)d,SN组平均(9.5±5.1)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=77.69, P=0.000)。(4)区域淋巴结是否转移:GGO组16例(100.0%)均未见局部淋巴结转移(N0);同侧支气管周围和(或)同侧肺门淋巴结及肺内淋巴结有转移(N1) 0例(0.0%);同侧纵隔内和(或)隆突下淋巴结转移(N2) 0例(0.0%)。SN组16例(55.2%)未见N0;N1 9例(31.0%);N2 4例(13.8%);两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ ²=9.99, P=0.003)。(5)肿瘤与结核病灶的位置关系:GGO组同叶4例(25.0%),异叶12例(75.0%);SN组同叶18例(62.1%),异叶11例(37.9%);两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ ²=4.28,P=0.038)。(6)病理类型:GGO组 鳞癌1例(6.3%),腺癌14例(87.5%),大细胞癌 1例(6.3%);SN组鳞癌12例(41.4%),腺癌15例(51.7%),腺鳞癌2例(6.9%);两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ ²=6.78,P=0.029)。(7)手术方式:GGO组行肺叶切除11例(68.8%,11/16),肺段切除1例(6.2%,1/16),肺楔形切除2例(12.5%,2/16),肺叶加楔形切除2例(12.5%,2/16);SN组全部行肺叶切除(100.0%,29/29);两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ ²=15.66,P=0.000)。结论 GGO型肺癌与SN型肺癌并发陈旧性肺结核相比较,具有临床表现无特异性,发病年龄低,确诊周期长,肿瘤分布与结核病灶无明显相关,纵隔淋巴结肿大与淋巴结转移无相关性,手术方式多样及病理类型以腺癌为主等特点,为肺癌并发肺结核的一种特殊类型。     

Increased expression of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer

AIM:To explore the alteration of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 protein expression in gastric cancer and to assess its prognostic values.METHODS:Three hundred and five consecutive cases of gastric cancer were enrolled into this study.SHP-2 expression was carried out in 305 gastric cancer specimens,of which 83 were paired adjacent normal gastric mucus samples,using a tissue microarray immunohistochemical method.Correlations were analyzed between expression levels of SHP-2 protein and tumor parameters or clinical outcomes.Serum anti-Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) immunoglobulin G was detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate prognostic values by compassion of the expression levels of SHP-2 and disease-specific survivals in patients.RESULTS:SHP-2 staining was found diffuse mainly in the cytoplasm and the weak staining was also observed in the nucleus in gastric mucosa cells.Thirty-two point five percent of normal epithelial specimen and 62.6% of gastric cancer specimen were identified to stain with SHP-2 antibody positively(P < 0.001).Though SHP-2 staining intensities were stronger in the H.pylori(+) group than in the H.pylori(-) group,no statistically significant difference was found in the expression levels of SHP-2 between H.pylori(+) and H.pylori(-) gastric cancer(P = 0.40).The SHP-2 expression in gastric cancer was not significantly associated with cancer stages,lymph node metastases,and distant metastasis of the tumors(P = 0.34,P = 0.17,P = 0.52).Multivariate analysis demonstrated no correlation between SHP-2 expression and disease-free survival(P = 0.86).CONCLUSION:Increased expression of SHP-2 protein in gastric cancer specimen suggesting the aberrant upregulation of SHP-2 protein might play an important role in the gastric carcinogenesis.     

Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 Gly388Arg polymorphism in Chinese gastric cancer patients

AIM: To investigate the contribution of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) Gly388Arg polymorphism as a genetic risk factor for gastric cancer (GC) and to investigate any associations between this polymorphism and clinicopathological parameters and survival. METHODS: Tumors and matched adjacent non-cancer tissues were collected from 304 GC patients, and 5 mL of venous blood was collected from 62 GC patients and 392 ageand sex-matched healthy controls without cancer history from the same ethnic population. DNA was extracted, and direct sequencing analyses were performed to genotype the FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism in all the samples. Differences in the genotype frequencies of the FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism between GC patients and healthy controls were estimated using the χ 2 test. Binary logistic regression was used for all analysis variables to estimate risk as the ORs with 95%CIs. The relationships between the FGFR4 genotype and clinicopathological parameters were tested with the χ 2 test. The Kaplan-Meier product-limit method, the log-rank test, and the Cox regression model were applied to evaluate the effect of the FGFR4 genotype on the overall survival of patients with GC. RESULTS: In the present GC cohort, 118 patients (38.8%) were homozygous for the Gly388 allele, 124 patients (40.8%) were heterozygous, and 62 patients (20.4%) were homozygous for the Arg388 allele. The frequencies of the Gly/Gly, Gly/Arg, and Arg/Arg genotypes in the healthy controls were 33.6%, 48.0%, and 18.4%, respectively. The distributions of genotypes (χ 2 = 3.589, P = 0.166) and alleles (χ 2 = 0.342, P = 0.559) of the FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism were not different between the GC patients and the healthy controls. Although we observed no correlation between the FGFR4 Gly388Arg polymorphism and clinicopathological parameters or survival in the total cohort of GC patients, the presence of the Arg388 allele was associated with shorter survival time in patients with GC if the tumor was small (log rank χ 2 = 5.449, P =     

HER2基因扩增和蛋白表达与胃癌临床病理特征和预后的关系

背景：曲妥珠单抗在人表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）阳性胃癌分子靶向治疗中的作用已得到确认,研究HER2评分与患者临床结局的关系可确定哪些患者可能从曲妥珠单抗治疗中获益。目的：探讨HER2基因扩增和蛋白表达与胃癌临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法：应用美国食品药品管理局（FDA）认证的检测试剂盒和Hofmann等报道的共识小组推荐胃癌HER2评分系统．采用荧光原位杂交（FISH）和免疫组化方法（IHC）检测177例胃癌组织的IqER2基因扩增和蛋白表达。比较不同临床病理特征胃癌亚组间HER2阳性率的差异．以Kaplan—Meier生存曲线分析HER2与预后的关系。结果：177例胃癌组织中31例（17．5％）HER2阳性．肠型胃癌阳性率显著高于弥漫型,混合型胃癌（28．1％对12．5％,P=0．0109）．分化较好的胃癌阳性率显著高于分化较差的胃癌（37．0％对10．7％,P〈0．0001）。HER2与性别、年龄、肿瘤部位和TNM分期无关。HER2阳性与阴性者总体生存率无明显差异,但在分化较好的胃癌中,HER2阳性者预后差于HER2阴性者（P=0．0084）。结论：肠型胃癌和分化较好的胃癌是曲妥珠单抗治疗的主要候选人群。HER2尚不能作为独立指标判断胃癌预后。     

Elevated serum levels of human relaxin-2 in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

AIM: To assess the prognostic value of serum human relaxin 2 (H2 RLN) level in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). METHODS: From October 1998 to September 2009, 146 patients with histopathologically confirmed ESCC were enrolled in this study. One hundred patients underwent en bloc esophagectomy, and 46 patients with unresectable tumors underwent palliative surgery. Five of the 146 patients died of surgical complications. Serum levels of H2 RLN were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The relationship between serum H2 RLN level and each of the clinicopathological parameters was analyzed using the χ2 test. Patients were classified into two groups according to their H2 RLN level (< 0.462 ng/mL vs ≥ 0.462 ng/mL). When any analysis cell had fewer than five cases, the Fisher’s exact test was used. The statistical difference between groups A and B in each clinicopathological category was determined by the Student’s t test (two-tailed) or analysis of variance. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. The statistical difference in survival between the different groups was compared using the log-rank test. Survival correlation with the prognostic factors was further investigated by multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model with backward stepwise likelihood ratio. RESULTS: ESCC patients tended to have significantly higher serum H2 RLN concentrations (0.48 ± 0.17 ng/ mL, n=141) compared with the healthy control group (0.342 ± 0.12 ng/mL, n=112). There was a significant difference between patients with lymph node involvement (0.74 ± 0.15 ng/mL, n=90), distant metastasis (0.90 ± 0.19 ng/mL, n=32) and those without lymph node involvement (0.45 ± 0.12 ng/mL, n=51), and distant metastasis (0.43 ± 0.14 ng/mL, n=109), respectively (P < 0.01). Patients with high H2 RLN levels (≥ 0.462 ng/mL) had a poorer prognosis than patients with low serum H2 RLN levels (< 0.462 ng/mL; P=0.0056). The H2 RLN level was also correlated with survival and     

Lymph node dissection in esophageal carcinoma: Minimally invasive esophagectomy vs open surgery

AIM: To compare lymph node dissection results of minimally invasive esophagectomy(MIE) and open surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data from patients who underwent MIE or open surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from January 2011 to September 2014. Number of lymph nodes resected, positive lymph node(p N+) rate, lymph node sampling(LNS) rate and lymph node metastatic(LNM) rate were evaluated. R E S U LT S : A m o n g 4 4 7 p a t i e n t s i n c l u d e d, 1 2 3 underwent MIE and 324 underwent open surgery. The number of lymph nodes resected did not significantly differ between the MIE and open surgery groups(21.1 ± 4.3 vs 20.4 ± 3.8, respectively, P = 0.0944). The p N+ rate of stage T3 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the open surgery group was higher than that in the MIE group(16.3% vs 11.4%, P = 0.031), but no differences was observed for stages T1 and T2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The LNS rate at left para-recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) site was significantly higher for open surgery than for MIE(80.2% vs 43.9%, P 0.001), but no differences were noted at other sites. The LNM rate at left para-RLN site in the open surgery group was significantly higher than that in the MIE group, regardless of pathologic T stage. CONCLUSION: For stages T1 and T2 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, the lymph node dissection result after MIE was comparable to that achieved by open surgery. However, the efficacy of MIE in lymphadenectomy for stage T3 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, particularly at left para-RLN site, remains to be improved.     

Impact of being overweight on the surgical outcomes of patients with gastric cancer: A meta-analysis

AIM: To investigate the effect of being overweight on the surgical results of patients with gastric cancer. METHODS: Comprehensive electronic searches of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were conducted. Studies were identified that included patients with surgical complications from gastric cancer who were classified as normal weight [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m 2 ] or overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ). The operative time, retrieved lymph nodes, blood loss, and long-term survival were analyzed. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on whether patients received laparoscopic or open gastrectomy procedures. All statistical tests were performed using ReviewerManager 5.1.2 software. RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 23 studies with 20678 patients (15781 with BMI < 25 kg/m 2 ; 4897 with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ). Overweight patients had significantly increased operation times [MD: -29.14; 95%CI: -38.14-(-20.21); P < 0.00001], blood loss [MD: -194.58; 95%CI: -314.21-(-74.95); P = 0.001], complications (RR: 0.75; 95%CI: 0.66-0.85; P < 0.00001), anastomosis leakages (RR: 0.59; 95%CI: 0.42-0.82; P = 0.002), and pancreatic fistulas (RR: 0.486; 95%CI: 0.34-0.63; P < 0.00001), whereas lymph node retrieval was decreased significantly in the overweight group (MD: 1.69; 95%CI: 0.75-2.62; P < 0.0001). In addition, overweight patients had poorer long-term survival (RR: 1.14; 95%CI: 1.07-1.20; P < 0.0001). No significant difference was detected for the mortality and length of hospital stay. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrates that a high BMI not only increases the surgical difficulty and complications but also impairs the long-term survival of patients with gastric cancer.     

免疫组织化学及PCR技术在淋巴结结核病理诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)及PCR技术在淋巴结结核病理学诊断中的应用价值。方法 收集首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院病理科保存的2012年1月至2013年7月之间的48例手术根治切除淋巴结结核患者(结核组)和21例非淋巴结结核患者(非结核组)的石蜡包埋组织标本,分别应用IHC染色、荧光定量PCR和抗酸染色法对标本进行检测,以临床最后诊断为金标准,比较各方法的检测效能。结果 IHC染色、荧光定量PCR及抗酸染色检测的敏感度分别为52.1%(25/48)、60.4%(29/48)及27.1%(13/48);IHC染色和荧光定量PCR检测敏感度均高于抗酸染色,差异均有统计学意义(χ ²值分别为 6.27、10.84,P值分别为0.012、0.001);而IHC染色与荧光定量PCR比较,敏感度差异无统计学意义(χ ²=0.68,P=0.411)。IHC染色、荧光定量PCR及抗酸染色法检测非结核组结果均为阴性,特异度均为100%(21/21)。IHC染色、荧光定量PCR及抗酸染色法的阴性预测值分别为47.7%(21/44)、52.5%(21/40)、37.5%(21/56);符合率分别为66.7%(46/69)、72.5%(50/69)、49.3%(34/69),IHC染色、荧光定量PCR均优于抗酸染色法。 结论 IHC染色、荧光定量PCR与抗酸染色法相比,可提高阳性检出率,在淋巴结结核的病理学诊断中具有良好应用价值。     

&beta;-elemene enhances the radiosensitivity of gastric cancer cells by inhibiting Pak1 activation

AIM: To explore the potential of β-elemene as a radiosensitizer for gastric cancer cells and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: SGC7901, MKN45, MKN28, N87, and AGS human gastric cancer cell lines were used to screen for radioresistant gastric cancer cell lines. A 3-(4,5-dimeth-ylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to determine the effects of β-elemene and IPA-3 on cell viability in MKN45 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cell lines. A clonogenic survival assay and annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection assay were used to evaluate cellular radiosensitivity and radiation-induced cell death, respectively. A proteomic method, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ), was employed to screen the proteins regulated by β-elemene pretreatment prior to ionizing radiation (IR) in SGC7901 gastric cancer cell line. IPA-3 was used as a specific small molecule inhibitor of p21-activated protein kinase 1 (Pak1) to target Pak1 signaling. Protein levels of PAK1IP1 (p21-activated protein kinase-interacting protein 1), total Pak1 (t-Pak1), phospho-Pak1 (T423), phospho-ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), and cleaved caspase-3 (17 kDa) were assessed by western blotting. RESULTS: MKN45 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cell lines were relatively more resistant to IR. β-elemene pretreatment decreased clonogenic survival following IR in MKN45 and SGC7901 gastric cancer cell lines. Additionally, β-elemene pretreatment prior to IR increased radiation-induced cell death compared with IR alone in MKN45 (10.4% ± 0.9% vs 34.8% ± 2.8%, P < 0.05) and SGC7901 (11.6% ± 0.9% vs 46.7% ± 5.2%, P < 0.05) human gastric cancer cell lines, respectively, consistent with the level of cleaved caspase-3 (17 kDa). Through iTRAQ analysis and western blot validation, we found that β-elemene upregulated PAK1IP1 and downregulated phospho-Pak1 (T423) and phospho-ERK1/2 in SGC7901 gastric cancer cells. IR increased the level of phospho-Pak1 (T423). Pretreatment with β-elemene decreased radiation-induced Pak1 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibition of Pak1 using IPA-3 decreased clonogenic survival following IR. In addition, IPA-3 increased radiation-induced cell death in MKN45 (13.4% ± 0.3% vs 26.6% ± 1.0%, P < 0.05) and SGC7901 (16.0% ± 0.6% vs 37.3% ± 1.7%, P < 0.05) gastric cancer cell lines, respectively, consistent with the level of cleaved caspase-3 (17 kDa). Western blotting showed that IPA-3 decreased radiation-induced Pak1 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: This is the first demonstration that β-elemene enhances radiosensitivity of gastric cancer cells, and that the mechanism involves inhibition of Pak1 signaling.     

Substance P,vasoactive intestinal peptide,and leu-enkephalin in plasma and gastric juice of patients with precancerous lesions and gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the changes of the brain-gut-peptide concentrations in the plasma and gastric juice and their relations to gastric diseases. METHODS: A total of 83 subjects were part of the study. Of those, 28 had chronic atrophic gastritis with precancerous lesions, 22 had gastric cancer in an advanced stage, and 33 were healthy subjects for a control group. Samples of fasting blood and gastric juice were collected. Levels of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and leu-enkephalin (LEK) in plasma and gastric juice were measured with radioimmunoassay kits expressed as ng/L. RESULTS: In patients with gastric cancer, the SP levels (83.7 ± 11.0 vs 39.6 ± 4.5, P < 0.01; 24.0 ± 1.6 vs 17.8 ± 1.5, P < 0.05) and LEK in plasma and gastric juice (226.2 ± 15.4 vs 180.3 ± 13.1, P < 0.01; 55.0 ± 3.4 vs 30.7 ± 2.4, P < 0.05), and VIP of gastric juice (80.5 ± 2.9 vs 64.3 ± 4.1, P < 0.05) were higher than those in the controls. The SP and LEK levels of plasma correlated with those of gastric juice (r = 0.432 and 0.516, P < 0.05). In the post-surgical gastric cancer, plasma levels of SP and gastric juice LEK were lower than the pre-surgical levels (P < 0.05). In the precancerous lesions, plasma and gastric juice LEK levels and gastric juice VIP levels were increased (P < 0.05), and the plasma LEK level correlated with the gastric juice LEK level (r = 0.398, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Measurement of concentrations of SP, VIP, and LEK in plasma and gastric juice is of clinical significance in detecting certain stomach diseases.     

Surgical management of patients with bowel obstructions secondary to gastric cancer

AIM: To assess whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in the management of small bowel obstructions (SBOs) secondary to gastric cancer and its role in treatment strategies. METHODS: The medical records of all of the patients who were admitted for an intestinal obstruction after curative resection for gastric cancer were retrospectively reviewed. PET/CT was performed before a clinical treatment strategy was established for each patient. The patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with no evidence of a tumor recurrence and patients with evidence of a tumor recurrence. Tumor recurrences included a local recurrence, peritoneal carcinomatosis or distant metastases. The primary endpoint was the 1-year survival rate, and other variables included patient demographics, the length of hospital stay, complications, and mortality. RESULTS: The median time between a diagnosis of gastric cancer and the detection of a SBO was 1.4 years. Overall, 31 of 65 patients (47.7%) had evidence of a tumor recurrence on the PET/CT scan, which was the only factor that was associated with poor survival. Open and close surgery was the main type of surgical procedure reported for the patients with tumor recurrences. R0 resections were performed in 2 patients, including 1 who underwent combined adjacent organ resection. In the group with no evidence of a tumor recurrence on PET/CT, bowel resections were performed in 7 patients, adhesiolysis was performed in 7 patients, and a bypass was performed in 1 patient. The 1-year survival curves according to PET/CT evidence of a tumor recurrence vs no PET/CT evidence of a tumor recurrence were significantly different, and the 1-year survival rates were 8.8% vs 93.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences (P = 0.71) in the 1-year survival rates based on surgical vs nonsurgical management (0% with nonoperative treatment vs 20% after exploratory laparotomy). CONCLUSION: 18 F-FDG PET/CT can be used to identify the causes of bowel obst     

颈部淋巴结结核自然破溃和淋巴结切开术后伤口愈合时间的影响因素分析

目的 分析影响颈部淋巴结结核自然破溃和淋巴结切开术后伤口愈合时间的危险因素。方法 收集2014年1月至2018年7月同济大学附属上海市肺科医院结核科经伤口分泌物培养及临床综合诊断确诊为颈部淋巴结结核且符合入选标准,并于结核科门诊因自然破溃和淋巴结切开术后行伤口换药的189例患者。189例患者伤口愈合时间为62~166d,平均(90.3±12.1)d。以伤口愈合平均时间90d作为界限值,47例(24.9%)伤口愈合时间≥90d (≥90d组),142例(75.1%)<90d (<90d组)。采用SPSS 17.0软件将两组患者的年龄、性别、文化程度、经济收入、有无吸烟史、有无饮酒史、体质量指数(BMI)、病灶最大直径、受累淋巴结数量、是否并发糖尿病、是否并发肺结核、是否规律换药等12项相关因素进行对颈部淋巴结结核伤口愈合时间影响的单因素及多因素logistic回归分析,计数资料间的比较采用χ²检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 单因素分析结果显示,<90d组和≥90d组患者在BMI<18.4[58.5%(83/142)和85.1%(40/47)]、受累淋巴结≥2枚[22.5%(32/142)和38.3%(18/47)]、病灶最大直径≥2.0cm[61.3%(87/142)和80.9%(38/47)]、并发糖尿病[36.6%(52/142)和57.4%(27/47)]、不规律换药[13.4% (19/142) 和72.3% (34/47))]等方面差异均有统计学意义(χ²值分别为11.040、4.509、6.047、6.296、61.835,P值分别为0.001、0.034、0.014、0.012、0.000)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI<18.4[Wald χ²=3.553,P=0.019,OR(95%CI)=4.062(0.117~7.981)]、受累淋巴结≥2枚[Wald χ²=4.223,P=0.040,OR(95%CI)=2.134(1.172~19.119)]、病灶最大直径≥2.0cm[Wald χ²=8.573,P=0.003,OR(95%CI)=2.669(1.169~10.815)]、并发糖尿病[Wald χ²=5.021,P=0.025,OR(95%CI)=2.337(1.776~4.442)]、不规律换药[Wald χ²=26.346,P=0.000,OR(95%CI)=16.900(14.061~32.786)]是影响颈部淋巴结结核伤口愈合的危险因素。结论 应重视BMI<18.4、受累淋巴结≥2枚、并发糖尿病、病灶最大直径≥2.0cm、不规律换药的颈部淋巴结结核换药患者,避免淋巴结结核伤口迁延不愈。     

Clinico-pathologic significance of neuroendocrine cells in gastric cancer tissue

AIM: To elucidate the biological and clinicopathological significance of neuroendocrine (NE) cells in gastric carcinoma (GC). METHODS: One hundred and eighty nine patients with various histological types of GC were observed using light microscopy, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Of these, 127 patients were followed up. RESULTS: Chromogranin A (CgA)-positive GC was demonstrated in 85 cases (45.0%). The types of NE cells in GC were probed using 9 kinds of hormone antibodies, and 49 cases (67.2%) presented more than one hormone. NE cells were found more often in poorly differentiated GC than in well differentiated GC (P < 0.01). Expression of some kinds of hormone was related to the differentiation and histological types of GC. bombesin, calcitonin (P < 0.01), gastrin and serotonin (P < 0.05) were more highly expressed in poorly differentiated cases than in well differentiated ones. Nineteen cases with metastatic foci in the regional lymph nodes were found to have CgA-positive cancer cells. The presence of HCG in metastatic lymph nodes was more often observed than that of other hormone (P < 0.01). The survival rate of patients with NE cell-positive GC was 38.9%, and of NE cell-negative GC was 52.7%. Five of 7 patients (71.4%) with somatostatin-positive GC were still alive at the follow-up (range: 33-66 mo), but 4 patients with HCG-positive GC had died (range: 12-29 mo). CONCLUSION: NE cells occur more frequently in poorly differentiated GC. Certain hormones appear to be related to metastasis and prognosis.     

Short-term outcomes of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision compared to open surgery

AIM:To investigate the short-term outcome of laparoscopic total mesorectal excision(TME) in patients with mid and low rectal cancers.METHODS:A consecutive series of 138 patients with middle and low rectal cancer were randomly assigned to either the laparoscopic TME(LTME) group or the open TME(OTME) group between September 2008 and July 2011 at the Department of Colorectal Cancer of Shanghai Cancer Center,Fudan University and pathological data,as well as surgical technique were reviewed retrospectively.Short-term clinical and oncological outcome were compared in these two groups.Patients were followed in the outpatient clinic 2 wk after the surgery and then every 3 mo in the first year if no adjuvant chemoradiation was indicated.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0 software.RESULTS:Sixty-seven patients were treated with LTME and 71 patients were treated with OTME(sex ratio 1.3:1vs 1.29:1,age 58.4 ± 13.6 years vs 59.6 ± 9.4 years,respectively).The resection was considered curative in all cases.The sphincter-preserving rate was 65.7%(44/67) vs 60.6%(43/71),P = 0.046;mean blood loss was 86.9 ± 37.6 mL vs 119.1 ± 32.7 mL,P = 0.018;postoperative analgesia was 2.1 ± 0.6 d vs 3.9 ± 1.8 d,P = 0.008;duration of urinary drainage was 4.7 ± 1.8 d vs 6.9 ± 3.4 d,P = 0.016,respectively.The conversion rate was 2.99%.The complication rate,circumferential margin involvement,distal margins and lymph node yield were similar for both procedures.No port site recurrence,anastomotic recurrence or mortality was observed during a median follow-up period of 21 mo(range:9-56 mo).CONCLUSION:Laparoscopic TME is safe and feasible,with an oncological adequacy comparable to the open approach.Further studies with more patients and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the present results.     

耐多药肺结核并发糖尿病患者胸部CT扫描特征分析

目的 分析耐多药肺结核并发糖尿病患者与未并发糖尿病患者的胸部CT表现,以提高临床认识。方法 通过《首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院病案电子化管理系统》,搜集2012—2017年经改良罗氏培养基痰培养及绝对浓度法药物敏感性试验(简称“药敏试验”)确诊的耐多药肺结核且符合排除标准的660例患者资料,按照是否并发糖尿病将患者分为并发糖尿病组(159例,并发组)、未并发糖尿病组(501例,未并发组)。采用数字表法从两组患者中分别随机抽取60例患者进行对照研究,由2名影像科经验丰富医师在不知患者是否并发糖尿病的情况下重新阅读CT片,以记录胸部CT表现及病变分布范围。采用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学分析,计数资料采用卡方检验或Fisher精确概率检验,计量资料采用非参数检验方法中的曼-惠特妮U检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果 并发组患者中的段或叶性实变[48.3%(29/60)]、大结节[26.7%(16/60)]、任何形式空洞[93.3%(56/60)]、胸腔积液[40.0%(24/60)]的发生率明显高于未并发组患者[分别为28.3%(17/60)、11.7%(7/60)、76.7%(46/60)、20.0%(12/60)](χ ²=5.08,P=0.024;χ ²=4.36,P=0.037;χ ²=6.54,P=0.011;χ ²=5.71,P=0.017),而支气管扩张[45.0%(27/60)]的发生率明显低于未并发组[70.0%(42/60)](χ ²=7.67,P=0.006);且并发组患者中的段性或叶性实变累及叶数[(0.78±0.96)个]、大结节累及肺叶数[(0.48±0.96)个]和任何形式空洞累及叶数[(2.05±1.43)个]明显多于未并发组[分别为(0.38±0.72)个、(0.13±0.39)个、(1.58±1.43)个](U=1380.50,P=0.011;U=1511.00,P=0.027;U=1432.00,P=0.046),而支气管扩张累及肺叶数[(0.97±1.37)个]明显少于未并发组[(1.58±1.57)个](U=1335.50,P=0.010)。结论 耐多药肺结核并发糖尿病患者CT扫描出现段以上肺实变的频率及分布范围、出现大结节和空洞的频率及累及范围、并发胸腔积液的频率均较未并发糖尿病患者高;而支气管扩张多见于未并发糖尿病患者。     

Differences in HER2 over-expression between proximal and distal gastric cancers in the Chinese population

AIM: To investigate HER2 expression and its correlation with clinicopathological variables between proximal and distal gastric cancers (GC) in the Chinese population. METHODS: Immunostaining of HER2 was performed and scored on a scale of 0-3 in 957 consecutive GC cases, according to the revised scoring criteria of HercepTest TM as used in the ToGA trial. Correlations between HER2 expression and clinicopathologic variables of proximal (n = 513) and distal (n = 444) GC were investigated. RESULTS: Our results showed that HER2 expression was significantly higher in the proximal than in distal GC (P < 0.05). Overall, HER2 expression was significantly higher in male patients (P < 0.01), the Lauren intestinal type (P < 0.001), low-grade (P < 0.001) and pM1 (P < 0.01) diseases, respectively. There was a significant difference in HER2 expression among some pTNM stages (P < 0.05). In contrast, HER2 expression in the distal GC was significantly higher in male patients (P < 0.001), low-grade histology (P < 0.001), the Lauren intestinal type(P < 0.001), and pM1 (P < 0.001). In the proximal GC, however, higher HER2 expression scores were observed only in tumors with low-grade histology (P < 0.001) and the Lauren intestinal type (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: HER2 over-expression in GC of Chinese patients was significantly more common in proximal than in distal GC, and significantly correlated with the Lauren intestinal type and low-grade histology in both proximal and distal GC, and with pM1 disease and male gender in distal GC.     

原发性胃癌p53基因突变

目的 p53基因是当前抑癌基因研究中的热点之一。迄今,有关 p53基因异常与胃癌临床病理学参数如大体类型、临床分期、组织分化程度,浸润深度及淋巴结转移之间的关系尚无定论。Tumura 报告p53基因改变主要发生于异倍体瘤,国内尚无报道。本实验目的主要是分析中国人原发性胃癌 p53基因突变与这些病理参数,包括 DNA 倍体之间的关系。方法用聚合酶链式反应—单构象多态分析(PCR—SSCP)技术对20例原发性胃癌 p53基因外显子5—8突变进行检测。结果 8例(40%)发生了突变,其中2例发生在外显子7,4例发生在外显子8。0至Ⅲ期均有突变存在。66.7%(6/9)的异倍体瘤检测到了p53突变,而二倍体瘤中只有18.2%(2/11)发生了 p53突变。结论 p53基因突变与胃癌临床病理参数如大体类型、分期、组织分化程度、浸润深度及淋巴结转移之间无明显关系,而与胃癌 DNA 倍体改变有关。     

Effectiveness of gastric cancer screening programs in South Korea:Organized vs opportunistic models

AIM:To investigate the outcome and effectiveness of two screening programs,National Cancer Screening Program(NCSP)and opportunistic screening(OS),for the detection of gastric cancer. METHODS:A total of 45 654 subjects underwent upper endoscopy as part of the NCSP or OS at the Chung-Ang University Healthcare System in Korea between January 2007 and December 2010.The study population was comprised of subjects over the age of 40 years.More specifically,subjects who took part in the NCSP were Medicaid recipients and beneficiaries of the National Health Insurance Corporation.Still photo-graphs from the endoscopies diagnosed as gastric cancer were reviewed by two experienced endoscopists. RESULTS:The mean age of the screened subjects was 55 years for men and 54 years for women.A total of 126 cases(0.28%)of gastric cancer were detected from both screening programs;100 cases(0.3%)from NCSP and in 26 cases(0.2%)from OS.The proportion of early gastric cancer(EGC)detected in NCSP was higher than that in OS(74.0%vs 53.8%,P=0.046). Among the 34 416 screenees in NCSP,6585(19.1%) underwent upper endoscopy every other year as scheduled.Among the 11 238 screenees in OS,3050(27.1%) underwent upper endoscopy at least once every two years during the study period.The detection rate of gastric cancer was found to be significantly higher during irregular follow-up than during regular follow-up in both screening programs(0.3%vs 0.2%,P=0.036).A higher incidence of EGC than advanced gastric cancer was observed during regular follow-up compared with irregular follow-up. CONCLUSION:Compliance to the screening program is more important than the type of screening system used.