全直肠系膜切除术（TME）后吻合口瘘相关因素分析

目的：探讨全直肠系膜切除术（TME）后吻合口瘘的相关因素。方法：对近13年来收治的514例直肠癌行TME患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：514例直肠癌共发生吻合口瘘43例，发生率为8．3％。其中男性患者，吸烟酗酒者，贫血低蛋白者，糖尿病及伴有慢性阻塞性呼吸系统疾病者，肿瘤距肛门距离小于7cm者，肿唐直径〉4cm者，术前放、化疗患者及手工吻合者易发生吻合口瘘；而不同的肿瘤病理分型及临床分期吻合口瘘的发生无明显不同。结论：直肠癌行TME术后吻合口瘘发生率与患者自身因素、肿瘤本身、手术者的操作技巧等因素有关。     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术后吻合口瘘的影响因素分析

目的对全直肠系膜切除术(TME)后发生吻合口瘘的影响因素进行分析并据此提出相应的预防措施,为TME后患者预后提供参考。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2013年5月间接受TME治疗的461例患者病例资料,分析影响吻合口瘘发生的因素,包括年龄、性别、病理类型、术前是否合并肠梗阻、是否合并糖尿病、肿瘤肛缘距离、手术时长、有无淋巴结转移、Dukes分期、吻合方式等。结果 461例患者中,32例患者(6.9%)发生吻合口瘘,吻合口瘘的发生与术前合并肠梗阻、病理类型、肿瘤肛缘距离和手术时长相关(P<0.05);与年龄、性别、是否合并糖尿病、有无淋巴结转移、Dukes分期、吻合方式等因素无关(P>0.05)。32例发生吻合口瘘的患者中,24例经过保守治疗后痊愈,7例行横结肠造口后治愈,1例死亡。结论病理类型、术前合并肠梗阻、肿瘤肛缘距离和手术时长等因素是吻合口瘘发生的危险因素,这对临床预测及预防吻合口瘘的发生具有指导价值。     

全直肠系膜切除术后低位前切除综合征的发生率及相关危险因素分析

目的:探讨全直肠系膜切除术(total mesorectal excision, TME)后低位前切除综合征(low anterior resection syndrome, LARS)的发生率及相关危险因素。方法:纳入2017年1月至2019年12月在我院普外科行TME的直肠癌术后患者200例作为研究对象,采用LARS量表将患者分为LARS组(包括轻度和重度LARS)和无LARS组,收集患者的相关临床资料,采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析TME术后发生LARS的相关危险因素。结果:有188例(94.0%)在随访期间完成了LARS评分,79例(42.0%)患者术后发生重度LARS、49例(26.1%)发生轻度LARS、60例(31.9%)无LARS症状。术后3、6、12个月LARS的发生率分别为43.6%(82/188)、28.7%(54/188)、19.1%(36/188)。患者术后12个月LARS的发生率明显低于术后6个月(χ²=4.733,P=0.030)和术后3个月的发生率(χ²=26.134,P<0.001)。肿瘤下缘距...     

食管癌术后吻合口瘘发生趋势及相关因素分析

目的:分析食管癌术后并发吻合口瘘的发病趋势,探讨吻合口瘘的相关因素。方法:采用病例对照方法,回顾性分析我院1997年1月-2006年12月间食管癌1028例患者的临床资料。结果:术后并发吻合口瘘67例(6.52%),发生率由1997年的10.35%下降到2006年的2.22%,呈明显下降趋势。手术质量差,患者血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞(RBC)、血浆蛋白含量低等是发生吻合口瘘的主要原因;患者性别、年龄、空腹血糖在瘘组和非瘘组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:吻合技术改进和操作熟练可降低吻合口瘘的发生;吻合口瘘发生的原因复杂,术前正确评估患者营养状况、术中规范操作、术后营养支持是预防吻合口瘘的有效措施。     

直肠癌前切除术后并发吻合口瘘的预防与护理

目的:探讨减少直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的发生及促进吻合口瘘愈合的护理策略.方法:对2003年1月至2008年10月实施的直肠癌前切除术患者采用综合护理方法:手术前进行充分的肠道准备、营养补充和预防感染,术后保持胃肠减压管和骶前引流管的通畅、放置肛门排气管和适当扩肛以减轻吻合口的张力、充分的营养支持和温馨的心理护理,并将实施该方法以来的护理效果与实施前的相同病例进行比较.结果:我院自2003年1月开始严格对实施直肠癌前切除术的患者进行综合护理方法以来,在2003年1月至2008年lO月的5年间共做直肠癌前切除术286例,仅发生吻合口瘘16例,与A组比较,吻合口瘘的发生率显著降低,患者满意度大大提高,吻合口瘘愈合时间显著降低,医疗纠纷明显减少.结论:对实施直肠癌前切除术的患者进行综合护理方法,能够有效的降低吻合口瘘的发生率和提高吻合口瘘的治愈率.     

老年直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的高危因素分析

目的:探讨老年直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的高危因素。方法:选择我院于2014年5月至2018年5月期间收治的老年直肠癌患者437例,均采用腹腔镜直肠癌根治法。分析影响老年直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的高危因素。影响因素包括性别、术前白蛋白、手术时间、合并高血压、合并糖尿病、吻合口距肛缘距离、肠梗阻、Dukes分期、BMI、出血量、血管侵犯和神经侵犯。结果:老年直肠癌患者行腹腔镜根治术后发生吻合口瘘29例,发生率为6.64%。经单因素分析表明,两组性别、合并高血压、合并糖尿病、Dukes分期、BMI、出血量和神经侵犯比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;吻合口瘘组术前白蛋白≤35 g/L、手术时间＞3 h、吻合距肛缘距离≤7 cm、肠梗阻、血管侵犯人数明显增多,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。将上述单因素分析差异具有统计学意义的纳入多因素分析显示,术前白蛋白≤35 g/L、手术时间＞3 h、吻合距肛缘距离≤7 cm、肠梗阻和血管侵犯为影响术后吻合口瘘的高危因素。结论:老年直肠癌术后吻合口瘘受术前白蛋白、手术时间、吻合距肛缘距离、肠梗阻和血管侵犯影响,为降低术后吻合口瘘,需按照相关因素采取针对性预防措施。     

老年低位直肠癌患者行全直肠系膜切除保肛术后吻合口瘘的防治

目的探讨老年低位直肠癌患者行全直肠系膜切除(TME)保肛术后吻合口瘘的预防和治疗。方法回顾分析42例按TME原则行低位直肠癌保肛术的老年患者(>60岁)的临床资料。结果 42例中,发生吻合口瘘3例,占7.1%(3/42),其中吻合器吻合术后发生吻合口瘘1例,经肛门结肠肛管吻合术后发生吻合口瘘2例。3例吻合口瘘保守治疗1例,结肠造口2例,均痊愈。结论重视术前准备、保证吻合口的良好血供及恰当使用吻合器可有效预防老年低位直肠癌患者保肛术后吻合口瘘的发生,若发生吻合口瘘,应视具体病情采用个体化治疗。     

直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的危险因素及治疗方法分析

[目的]探讨直肠癌前切除术后发生吻合口瘘的高危因素及其处理方法。[方法]回顾性分析自1999年1月至2008年7月1677例行直肠癌前切除术患者的临床资料及发生吻合口瘘后的治疗措施。[结果]共有44例患者（2．6％）术后发生吻合口瘘,其诊断发生吻合口瘘的中位时间为术后第6d。单因素分析显示,男性、肿瘤下缘距肛门小于7cm、术前肠道梗阻为术后吻合口瘘的独立危险因素。出现吻合口瘘后,有9例患者采取了保守治疗,19例患者立刻采取了积极手术治疗,另有16例患者在保守治疗无明显疗效后采取了手术治疗。[结论]男性、肿瘤下缘距肛门小于7cm、术前肠道梗阻的直肠癌前切除术患者易出现吻合口瘘,治疗方式应根据病人临床状况选择。     

734例直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的影响因素分析

目的 吻合口瘘(anastomotic leakage,AL)是严重影响直肠癌患者术后恢复及顸后的重要因素,对直肠癌切除术后吻合口瘘相关因素的探究及其重要性的认识尤为重要.本研究分析直肠癌切除术后吻合口瘘的危险因素,为临床预防术后吻合口瘘的发生提供一定的理论依据.方法 回顾性分析2010-01-01-2014-12-31经我院病理确诊为直肠癌的734例患者的临床资料,均行全直肠系膜切除术(Dixon术).分别采用单因素卡方检验、Fisher确切概率法和多因素Logistic回归分析临床病理因素与直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的相关性.结果 直肠癌手术患者术后吻合口瘘发生率为6.53％(48/734).多因素分析显示,性别(OR=7.470,P＜0.001)、肿瘤下缘距肛缘距离(OR=1.974,P=0.043)、新辅助放化疗(OR=2.667,P=0.011)、预防性造瘘(OR=0.214,P=0.013)、血管侵犯(OR=2.336,P=0.044)与术后吻合口瘘相关.结论 患者性别、肿瘤下缘距肛缘距离、新辅助放化疗、预防性造瘘、血管侵犯为直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的独立影响因素,临床上可以针对相关危险因素,优选治疗方案,可有效降低术后吻合口瘘的发生.     

直肠癌全系膜切除术后吻合口瘘原因分析及防治措施

目的：分析直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术后发生吻合口瘘的原因及防治措施.方法：回顾性分析自2003年1月至2007年12月在我院行全直肠系膜切除保肛手术的214例中低位直肠癌患者的临床资料.结果：214例患者术后共发生吻合口瘘16例（7.5％）.发生时间为术后4-15d,平均（6.8±1.4）d.其中性别、肿瘤Dukes分期、病理类型及有无结肠储袋等对术后吻合口瘘的发生率没有显著影响,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.而年龄、术前有无贫血及低蛋白血症、糖尿病史、有无合并肠梗阻、手术方式、吻合器应用、吻合器吻合后手工缝合减张及术后直肠留置肛管引流减压对术后吻合口瘘的发生率均有明显影响（P＜0.05）.4例严重吻合口瘘的患者并发弥漫性腹膜炎行横结肠造瘘术,术后4个月成功闭瘘.12例较轻的吻合口瘘患者采用单纯完全静脉营养、抗生素治疗、经引流管局部冲洗等措施全部治愈,愈合时间为14d至3个月,平均（28.7±2.3）d.术后无死亡患者.结论：高龄、贫血、低蛋白血症、合并糖尿病及肠梗阻、低位吻合口等是术后发生吻合口瘘的高危因素.吻合器吻合后手工缝合加固减张,术后直肠内留置肛管减压引流可显著减少吻合口瘘的发生.积极合理的采取非手术或手术措施治疗吻合口瘘是促进吻合口愈合的关键.     

直肠全系膜切除术后吻合口漏的危险因素分析和对策

目的探讨直肠全系膜切除(TME)术后吻合口漏的发生率、危险因素和治疗方法.方法607例距肛缘3～12 cm的中下段直肠癌行TME技术的直肠癌前切除术,对术后资料进行回顾性统计分析.结果2%的病例同时行横结肠造瘘术.术后吻合口漏发生率为5.8%,其中68.6%的病例通过单纯经双套管冲洗引流治愈,28.6%需行横结肠造瘘术,两组的治愈时间无差异.年龄、吻合技术和糖尿病与吻合口漏的发生密切相关(P＜0.05或0.01),而性别、肿瘤距肛缘距离、预防性造瘘和术前放疗与吻合口漏的发生无关.结论TME手术常规附加近端肠造瘘并无必要,对少数高危病例可能有价值.单纯经引流管冲洗可治愈大部分吻合口漏,少数病例需行剖腹探查肠造瘘术.     

直肠癌全系膜切除术后吻合口漏的危险因素分析

目的探讨直肠癌全系膜切除术(TME)后吻合口漏的危险因素。方法回顾分析行直肠癌全系膜切除术治疗的175例患者的临床资料。结果 175例行全系膜切除术的直肠癌患者中,吻合口漏的发生率为8.6%,术后吻合口漏发生的危险因素包括性别、年龄、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小、糖尿病、肠梗阻及术前行放化疗(P<0.05)。结论 TME后吻合口漏的发生与性别、年龄、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小,是否有糖尿病,是否有肠梗阻及术前是否行放化疗等因素有关。     

食管癌术后颈部吻合口后壁瘘的临床分析

目的 探讨食管癌术后颈部吻合口后壁瘘的临床特点及治疗对策。 方法 回顾性分析安阳市肿瘤医院胸三科2007年1月至2015年12月食管癌切除术颈部吻合口后壁瘘患者的临床资料。 结果 共1623例患者行食管癌根治术并行颈部器械吻合。其中左颈、左胸两切口1182例,右颈、右胸及上腹三切口425例,左颈、上腹两切口（食管拔脱术）16例。发生吻合口瘘共82例（5.1%,82/1623）,其中后壁瘘15例（0.9%,15/1623）。瘘入纵隔者2例,瘘入胸腔者2例,局限于颈部者11例。均采用保守方法治疗。最终治愈14例,1例未愈。 结论 后壁瘘发生的原因主要是吻合器型号选择过大或吻合口张力过大。治疗应个体化。有效引流为重中之重。     

Improved diagnosis and treatment of anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery

Aim

This study aimed at testing feasibility of a standardised postoperative surveillance protocol to reduce delay in the diagnosis of anastomotic leakage (AL) and, subsequently, mortality.

Material and methods

Patient files of patients operated between 1996 and 1999 were reviewed and used as historical controls (n = 1066). As a result, a protocol for standardised post-operative surveillance was designed using easily accessible, clinical parameters. Between August 2004 and August 2006, all operated patients with a colorectal anastomosis (n = 223) were prospectively subjected to this standardised surveillance.

Results

AL was diagnosed in 7.0% of patients in the historical control group and 9.4% of patients in the standardised surveillance group. AL mortality decreased from 39% to 24% with standardised surveillance (n.s.). The delay in AL diagnosis was significantly reduced during standardised surveillance (4 versus 1.5 days, p = 0.01), which was confirmed in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion

With non-standardised postoperative monitoring, AL was associated with a high mortality rate. Patients were subjected to several additional tests, which were not primarily useful to diagnose AL. Standardised postoperative surveillance for AL was introduced successfully and resulted in a shorter delay between the first signs and symptoms to the confirmation of AL.     

Systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) as predictor of anastomotic leakage after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer

BackgroundEsophago-jejunostomy leakage (EJL) it the most dreaded septic complication after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Early detection and treatment of this complication may improve outcomes. Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI) is a marker that reflects systemic inflammation.MethodsThe SIRI was developed in a training cohort of 180 patients who underwent elective open total gastrectomy with esophago-jejunal anastomosis for gastric cancer from January 2009 to December 2013. To verify the prognostic value of SIRI score we recruited 192 patients treated from January 2014 to December 2021 as the validation cohort. The optimal cut-off value of SIRI was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed.ResultsAn optimal cut-off point for the SIRI of 0.82 divided the patients into a low SIRI group and high SIRI group in the training cohort. Patients with a SIRI ≥0.82 was found to be significantly associated with EJL. Univariable analysis showed that NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, and SIRI were prognostic factors for EJL in the training cohort. In multivariable analysis, EJL high level of SIRI was identified as independent prognostic factor.ConclusionsPreoperative SIRI may be helpful in identifying patients at greater risk for developing EJL after total gastrectomy.     

Mucosal cancer-associated microbes and anastomotic leakage after resection of colorectal carcinoma

BackgroundClinical and experimental evidence suggests that colorectal mucosal microbiota changes during colorectal carcinogenesis and may impair colorectal anastomotic wound healing. Thus, we hypothesized that amounts of colorectal cancer-associated microbes in colorectal tissue might be associated with anastomotic leakage after resection for colorectal carcinoma.MethodsWe analyzed 256 fresh frozen tissues of colorectal cancer from patients who underwent elective colorectal resection and anastomosis. Amounts of colorectal cancer-associated microbes, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli possessing the polyketide synthase (pks) gene cluster, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bifidobacterium genus, in colorectal cancer tissues were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay; we equally dichotomized positive cases (high versus low). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations of these microbes with anastomotic leakage, adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics, and surgery-related factors.ResultsFusobacterium nucleatum, pks-positive Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bifidobacterium genus were detected in colorectal carcinoma tissue in 140 (54%), 94 (36%), 193 (75%), and 89 (35%) of 256 cases, respectively. Compared with Bifidobacterium genus-negative cases, Bifidobacterium genus-high cases were associated with an increased risk of anastomotic leakage (multivariable odds ratio, 3.96; 95% confidence interval, 1.50 to 10.51; P_trend = 0.004). The association of Fusobacterium nucleatum, pks-positive Escherichia coli, or Enterococcus faecalis with anastomotic leakage was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe amount of Bifidobacterium genus in colorectal tissue is associated with an increased risk of anastomotic leakage after resection for colorectal cancer. These findings need to be validated to target gastrointestinal microflora for the prevention of anastomotic leakage after colorectal resection.