不育症及自然流产与男性精子形态相关性的分析

目的:研究男性精子形态与不育症及自然流产的相关性.方法:将2010年来本院优生体检、婚检的男性以及在生殖科门诊检查中确诊不育原因在于女方的男性作为对照组,其余归为研究组,共378例.研究组又分为不育症组和自然流产组.严格按照WHO技术规范,对其精液进行常规检测,同时进行形态学染色分析.结果:不育症组及自然流产组精子正常形态与对照组相比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),不育症组精子的头、颈、尾部畸形率均高于对照组,少精症、死精症以及少精合并弱精症常与畸精症同时存在,且精子畸形指数与不育症和自然流产的关系密切,是男性不育诊断的重要参数.结论:精子形态异常是影响男性生育力的重要因素,与少、弱、死精等各种不育病因存在相关性,因此精子形态学分析应该与精液常规检测一起作为不育症及自然流产的首要检查项目,并分析精子畸形指数,提高临床确诊率.     

精子形态与精子活力活率的关系

目的:探讨精子形态与精子活力、活率的关系。方法:应用精子质量自动检测系统(CASA)进行精子活力、活率分析,采用精子形态检测系统下人工修正方法分析精子形态。结果:活力异常组形态正常精子百分率低于活力正常组,两组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05);活率异常组形态正常精子百分比亦明显低于活率正常组(P<0.05)。结论:精子形态与精子活力、活率有密切关系。     

HIV/AIDS 28例患者精子形态特点分析

目的分析HIV/AIDS患者精子的形态学特点,探讨HIV感染对精子形态学的影响。方法收集已确诊HIV/AIDS患者,采用精子分析仪分析其精子形态学特点。结果收集了28例HIV/AIDS患者,分析精子的形态学结构发现,患者精子畸形率在24.2%~93.9%之间,平均（67.7±11.2）%,精子畸形以头部畸形为主,尤以小头畸形常见（54.2±15.7）%;其次可见大头、无定形头、圆形头等。颈部畸形率为（4.16±4.23）%,以颈部粗壮、不规则为主。尾部畸形率为（3.28±4.93）%,主要以尾部弯曲为主。结论 HIV/AIDS患者精子形态学存在明显的异常,HIV感染对患者精子的形态有明显的影响。     

男性不育患者的精子形态与精子密度、活力分析

目的 探讨精子形态与精子密度、活力的关系.方法 492例男性不育患者,采用计算机辅助精液分析方法(CASA)检测精子密度、活力,采用巴氏染色进行精子形态分析.根据密度分为<5×106/ml、5～20×106/ml、>20×106/ml 3组;根据精子活力分为<10%、10%～30%、31%～50%、>50% 4组.比较个组精子形态正常率的差异.结果 随着精子密度、活力的降低,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 精子形态与精子密度和活率密切相关.     

精子形态分析标准化研究进展

精子形态是评价男性生育力的一项重要参数,但精子形态分析本身存在许多不足,由于质量保证措施常被忽略,实验室室间检验能力验证计划还未推广,导致实验室内部和不同实验室间的分析结果具有广泛差异性。精子形态分析需要建立完善的检测技术体系和相应的质量控制体系,本文对近年来国内外有关精子形态分析标准化的研究进展进行综述。     

精子形态与男性不育症的关系

目的探讨精子形态与男性不育症的关系。方法对我院155例来我院男科门诊就诊的男性患者进行常规分析和精子形态学分析。结果 155例就诊者中有53例患者的正常形态精子百分率为(13.9±0.75)%。结论精子形态畸形是导致男性不育症的重要原因,在临床工作中将常规精液检查结合精子形态学检查,有助于诊断男性不育症。     

三氧化二砷对小鼠精子形态的影响

三氧化二砷对小鼠精子形态的影响祝寿芬仇玉兰王仲霞山西医科大学卫生毒理教研室（太原０３０００１）砷及其化合物（Ａｓ＋和Ａｓ＋５）对妊娠小鼠和地鼠均可引起畸胎和死胎［１］。流行病学调查显示，砷长期暴露者会罹患皮肤癌、肺癌、肝癌［２］，还证明我国韶关地区居...     

梗阻性无精子症附睾精子与睾丸精子行ICSI治疗结局比较

目的 比较梗阻性无精子症应用附睾精子与睾丸精子行卵胞浆内单精子注射技术（ICSI）的临床结局.方法 回顾分析2011年及2012年梗阻性无精子症患者于我中心ICSI助孕110周期,根据精子来源,分为附睾精子组（PESA组）及睾丸精子组（TESA组）,比较两组间的2PN受精率、卵裂率、可移植胚胎率、临床妊娠率、流产率等.结果 2PN受精率TESA组（77.8％）明显低于PESA组（84.5％）（P＜0.05）.TESA组与PESA组的卵裂率（97.1％、97.6％）、可移植胚胎率（74.4％、70.7％）、临床妊娠率（78.6％、67.1％）、流产率（4.6％、7.3％）,两组比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 TESA精子用于ICSI治疗2PN受精率比PESA精子低,TESA精子与PESA精子妊娠结局无显著差异.     

精子形态对ICSI结果的影响

目的 通过对接受ICSI治疗的不育患者进行精子形态分析和ICSI结果参数的统计分析,研究精子形态对于ICSI结果参数的影响.方法 采用改良巴氏染色法进行精子形态学分析,对精子正常形态率和ICSI的受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、胚胎移植率、临床妊娠率等结果参数进行相关性分析、分组秩和检验和卡方检验.结果 ①精子正常形态率与受精率无相关性（r=0.02,P〉0.05）、与卵裂率无相关性（r=-0.17,P〉0.05）、与优质胚胎率无相关性（r=-0.10,P〉0.05）、与胚胎移植率无相关性（r=0.05,P〉0.05）.②以精子正常形态率4%为界分为两组,精子正常形态率〈4%（n=24）组,受精率（80.29%）、卵裂率（98.75%）、优质胚胎率（43.54%）、胚胎移植率（31.30%）.精子正常形态率≥4%（n=32）组,受精率（79.68%）、卵裂率（94.52%）、优质胚胎率（41.07%）、胚胎移植率（37.8%）,两组之间的秩和检验差异无显著性（P〉0.05）.两组的临床妊娠率的卡方检验差异无显著性（P〉0.05）.结论 精子形态不影响ICSI的受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、胚胎移植率、临床妊娠率等结果参数.     

Effects of cannabinoids on sperm morphology.

Sperm morphology was studied in hybrid mice of genotype (C57BL X C3H)F1 following treatment with specific cannabinoids. Mice were treated for 5 consecutive days with the specific cannabinoid; 35 days after the last treatment, epididymal sperm were scored in the light microscope and assessed in the scanning electron microscope. The animals treated with delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) and cannabinol (CBN) had a statistically higher incidence of abnormal sperm than the controls. The incidence of abnormal sperm in the animals treated with cannabidiol (CBD) was not statistically different from the control value. The relative toxicity of the cannabinoids in these studies was delta9-THC greater than CBN greater than CBD. Normal sperm have a smooth kidney-shaped head with a prominent hook; abnormal sperm have shapes which include heads without hooks, banana-shaped heads, amorphous heads and folded heads.     

Inactivity of styrene in the mouse sperm morphology test

Male F1-mice (C3H/He X C57B1/6J) were exposed to styrene by inhalation (150 and 300 ppm; 6 h per day; 5 days) or intraperitoneally (175, 350 and 700 mg/kg per day, 5 days). No statistically significant increase was detected in the frequency of abnormal sperm heads 3 weeks (spermatids exposed) or 5 weeks (late spermatogonia/early spermatocytes exposed) after the beginning of the exposures.     

Effect of procarbazine on sperm morphology in Syrian hamsters

The effect of procarbazine, an antineoplastic drug, on the reproductive system of male Syrian hamsters was studied. Exposure to procarbazine (5 daily doses ranging from 20 to 500 mg/kg body weight) resulted in 5- to 7.5-fold increase in sperm abnormalities, diminished sperm counts, and smaller testes within 4 wk. Transmission electron micrographs showed severe damage to the acrosomal plasma membrane and nucleus of the sperm head in treated hamsters. These findings corroborate the detrimental effect of procarbazine on the germinal tissue and strengthen the basis for using the sperm morphology assay for the detection of mutagens and possibly other germ-cell toxicants in an in vivo mammalian system.     

The effects of carbamazepine on sperm morphology in wistar rats

Carbamazepine (5 H-dibenz (b, f) azepine-5-carboxamide), is an antiepileptic drug which is expected to be administered regularly over a substantial part of patients lifetime. As the gender focus in epilepsy the later years has primarily been on women, there certainly is a lack of studies focused on the effects particular to men. The present study was aimed to investigate its effects on germ cell's by employing the sperm morphology assay. Twelve groups of male wistar rats were treated with sterile water 0.5 ml, cyclophosphamide (CP) 20 mg/kg, carbamazepine 9, 18, 36 mg/kg (i.p) and 2% gumacasia 0.25 ml/100 g respectively for 5 consecutive days at intervals of 24 hrs. Following the last exposure, on days 14 and 35 sperm morphology assay was conducted as per the standard procedure. Mann-Whitney 'U' test was used for statistical analysis and the level of significance was P<0.01. Neither carbamazepine nor cyclophosphamide induced formation of abnormally shaped sperms at 14 day time interval. Whereas on day 35, with 18 mg/kg dose level of carbamazepine there was an increase in the number of sperms with heads defects (P<0.01); Whereas in the other two dose levels the number of abnormally shaped sperms had decreased. 2% gumacasia increased the number of sperms with tail defects at day 35. (Mann-Whitney 'U' test). CONCLUSION: Carbamazepine and 2% gumacasia could be germ cell mutagens and could cause infertility on prolonged use therefore further studies with serum drug level estimations are needed.     

Activity of ethylene oxide in the mouse sperm morphology test

Inhaled ethylene oxide induced an increased frequency of abnormal sperm cells in mice when the animals were treated at 200 and 400 ppm (6 h per day; 5 days) in three stages of cell development: spermatozoa, spermatid and preleptotene spermatogonial cells. These results suggest that sperm head morphology changes can be induced by interference of ethylene oxide with spermatogenesis, which, depending on the stage of the treated germ cells, may be correlated with the mutagenic potential of this chemical agent.     

精子DFI与精液常规、精子形态学的相关性及其对IVF-ET/ICSI结局的影响#br#

摘要：目的　分析精子DNA碎片指数（DFI）与精液常规、精子形态学及体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）/卵胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）结局的关系,探讨精子DFI预测男性生育力及IVF-ET/ICSI结局的价值。方法　回顾性分析2420例男性不育患者精液检查数据,根据DFI值分为A组（DFI≤15%）、B组（15%＜DFI＜30%）、C组（DFI≥30%）,分析精子DFI与精液常规、精子形态学相关性。检测117对IVF-ET/ICSI不孕夫妇中男性患者精子DFI,精液常规、精子形态学,根据DFI值分为IVF-1组（DFI≤15%）、IVF-2组（15%＜DFI＜30%）、IVF-3组（DFI≥30%）,ICSI-1组（DFI≤15%）、ICSI-2组（15%＜DFI＜30%）、ICSI-3组（DFI≥30%）,研究精子DFI对IVF-ET/ICSI结局的影响。结果　A、B、C组患者年龄、精子畸形率逐次升高,精子浓度、前向运动精子（PR）、精子活动率逐次降低（P＜0.01）;精子DFI与年龄、精子畸形率呈正相关,与精子浓度、PR、精子活动率呈负相关（P＜0.01）;与IVF-1组比较,IVF-3组精子浓度、PR降低;IVF-3组精子畸形率较IVF-2组升高;与ICSI-1组和ICSI-2组比较,ICSI-3组PR降低;ICSI-3组精子畸形率较ICSI-1组升高（P＜0.05）;IVF组和ICSI组中,各亚组受精率、卵裂率、优胚率及临床妊娠率差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　精子DFI可有效评估男性生育力。精子DFI对IVF/ICSI的临床结局没有预测价值,不建议将精子DFI检测作为选择辅助生殖技术方案检查项目。      

High-throughput techniques for analyzing SNPs and application of SNPs to pharmacogenomics

Progress in the human genome project can contribute to molecular diagnosis of various diseases and development of novel treatments. The next logical step for human genetics is the exploration and elucidation of genes involved in differential pharmacological response. An understanding of the role that genes have in pharmacological response is the cornerstone of personalized medicine. The pharmacogenomics approach is necessary and useful for this purpose. This article introduces these concepts to provide a context for the use of SNPs in pharmacogenomics and high-throughput techniques to analyze them.     

Effects of indium chloride exposure on sperm morphology and DNA integrity in rats

Indium, a Group IIIA element of the periodic chart and a rare earth metal characterized by high plasticity, corrosion resistance, and a low melting point, is widely used in the electronics industry where released streams can contaminate the environment. Consequently, indium can reach humans mainly by natural ways, which could result in a health hazard. Although reproductive toxicities have been surveyed in some studies in animal models, the infertility effects of sperm function induced by indium compounds have not been greatly investigated. We designed a study to investigate the toxicities of subacute exposure to indium compounds on male sperm function and the process of spermatogenesis in a rodent model. Fourteen Sprague-Dawley rats on postnatal Day (PND) 84 were randomly divided into exposure and control groups, and weekly received intraperitoneal injections of indium chloride (1.5 mg/kg body weight) and normal saline, respectively, for 8 weeks. Cauda epididymal sperm count, motility, morphology, chromatin DNA integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and testis DNA content were investigated. The indium chloride exposed group showed significant toxicity to sperm function, as well as an increased percentage of sperm morphological abnormality and chromatin DNA damage. Furthermore, positive correlations between abnormal sperm morphology, chromatin DNA damage, and superoxide anion generation were also noted. The results of this study demonstrated the toxic effect of subacute low dose indium exposure during sexual maturation on sperm function, resulting in sperm chromatin DNA damage through an increase in sperm ROS generation in a rodent model.