盐酸多奈哌齐联合丁咯地尔治疗血管性痴呆的疗效观察

目的 观察盐酸多奈哌齐联合丁咯地尔治疗血管性痴呆的疗效及安全性.方法 将54例血管性痴呆患者随机分为治疗组（27例）和对照组（27例）.在给予相同的抗血小板聚集、改善循环等治疗基础上,治疗组口服盐酸多奈哌齐及丁咯地尔,对照组仅口服盐酸多奈哌齐,连续服用6个月,治疗前及治疗后4、12、24周分别进行简易精神状态量表（MMSE）及日常生活能力量表（ADL）评定.结果 治疗后12、24周,两组患者MMSE、ADL评分与治疗前比较均有明显改善（P＜0.05）,治疗后24周治疗组MMSE量表总有效率（70.3% vs 51.8%）、ADL量表总有效率（66.6% vs 48.1%）均高于对照组（P＜0.05）,且均无明显不良反应.结论 盐酸多奈哌齐联合丁咯地尔治疗血管性痴呆的疗效优于单独应用盐酸多奈哌齐.     

盐酸丁咯地尔治疗急性期脑梗死86例疗效观察

目的　比较丁咯地尔与维脑路通对急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法　将 86例急性脑梗死患者 ,随机分为丁咯地尔组4 6例及维脑路通组 4 0例 ,应用神经功能缺损评分标准评定临床疗效 ,并观察用药前后血液流变学变化。结果　治疗前后比较 ,神经功能缺损评分均有降低 ,丁咯地尔组有效率 86 .2 %,显效率领 6 5 .2 %,对照组有效率 6 2 .3%,显效率 7.5 %,两组比较有效率差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,显效率比较差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。用药后丁咯地尔组全血粘度降低 ,与治疗前比差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,对照组治疗后相比差异不显著。结论　丁咯地尔有多项药效 ,是治疗急性脑梗死的安全有效药物。     

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and macroscopic analysis of immature human permanent molar immersion in hydrochloric acid (HCL, 38%)

Recent literature indicates the destruction of human remains using hydrochloric acid (HCl, 38%) is often attempted to obscure the identity of victims or as a disposal method. Dentition are informative in an investigation where acid is used as a means of body disposal, as teeth are more likely to survive intact. Importantly, researchers studying acid immersion have not observed immature dentition, nor have they analyzed immature acid-treated teeth using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study analyzes the effects of HCl on immature human molars, with two goals: understanding the timing and nature of physical changes to immature molars caused by HCl immersion, and aiding in the identification and age determination of dental tissues partially or nearly completely destroyed using HCl.Our results indicated that immature human molars immersed in HCl follow a pattern of physical changes and decrease in weight as they dissolve similar to mature molars, although the timing of dissolution is affected by their smaller size and incompletely developed roots in a predictable way. With less root material present and an open root tip, we observed that HCl can more quickly penetrate the pulp cavity of immature molars. The mobile SEM images indicated immature and mature molars immersed in HCl exhibit similar changes at the microscopic level. Immature molars treated with HCl for over 18 h exhibited cracking features similar to those visible on mature molars that were difficult to differentiate from similar features on untreated teeth (both mature and immature) when images were taken at 3,000x or less. The appearance of features such as peeling layers and lamination at high magnification (6000x) were visible on both acid-treated mature and immature molars, but were not visible on untreated molars at the same level of magnification.By observing changes in the enamel and pulp cavity, it was possible to determine whether third molars were immature until approximately 18 h immersed in acid. At 42 h, it was no longer possible to determine whether the molars were immature. However, they were still easily identifiable as human teeth. In situations where teeth may no longer be identifiable macroscopically, we found that the laminating and peeling features observed on high magnification SEM imagery can be useful in characterizing acid treatment even on very small fragments of dental remains, potentially allowing investigators to determine if acid was used as a disposal method.     

Use of TEVA resin for the determination of U isotopes in water samples by Q-ICP-MS.

In order to measure uranium isotopic mass ratio in natural water samples by Q-ICP-MS, an application of TEVA resin (Eichrom) was studied to separate and concentrate U. After being evaporated to dryness, the sample residue was dissolved in 6 M HCl, then, TEVA extraction was carried out. U extracted on the resin could be removed with 20 ml of 1 M HCl (U fraction) when Fe content was lower than 2 mg. U recovery in U fraction showed a negative correlation with Fe content in the samples.     

Intraarterial injection of colforsin daropate hydrochloride for the treatment of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: preliminary report of two cases

We describe two patients with symptomatic vasospasms after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who were successfully treated with intraarterial injection of colforsin daropate hydrochloride (HCl). Colforsin daropate HCl is capable of directly stimulating adenylate cyclase, which in turn causes vasorelaxation via elevated intracellular concentrations of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. We suggest that colforsin daropate HCl might be a useful therapeutic tool in treating cerebral vasospasm.     

Separation of no-carrier-added Cu from a proton irradiated Ni enriched nickel target

An ion exchange method has been developed to separate no-carrier-added ⁶⁴Cu from irradiated Ni target. The target is first dissolved in nitric acid and the solution is evaporated to dryness and the residue is dissolved in an ethanol–HCl solution. Cu, Co and Ni in ethanol–HCl solution are then absorbed on an anion exchange column. Co and Ni are removed from the column by eluting with 72% ethanol–0.3 mol/l HCl. Finally, the ⁶⁴Cu is eluted with water. For separating Ni from Co isotopes and recovering the ⁶⁴Ni target, the eluate of 72% ethanol–0.3 mol/l HCl is evaporated to dryness, the residue is dissolved in a concentrated HCl solution, and loaded to an another column, Ni is eluted by 9 mol/l HCl, while Co remains on the column. The procedure developed has been successfully applied for the production of no-carrier-added ⁶⁴Cu from enriched ⁶⁴Ni generated by the reaction ⁶⁴Ni(p, n)⁶⁴Cu using a cyclotron. The decontamination of Co in Cu fraction is higher than 99% and recoveries of ⁶⁴Cu and ⁶⁴Ni are higher than 95%.     

Separation of 111Ag from neutron irradiated natural palladium using alumina as an adsorbent.

A simple method is presented for the separation of no-carrier-added 111Ag from neutron irradiated natural palladium. The method is based on sorption of 111Ag in 0.01 M HCl on alumina. Palladium is removed by washing with 0.1 M HCl and the 111Ag is eluted with 4 M HCl. The overall yields of 111Ag are better than 85% with < 1 microg/ml palladium as an impurity. The whole procedure from dissolving the target to the final 111Ag solution takes about 2 h.     

Semi-automated 86Y purification using a three-column system

The separation of (86)Y from (86)Sr was optimized by a semi-automated purification system involving the passage of the target sample through three sequential columns. The target material was dissolved in 4 N HNO(3) and loaded onto a Sr-selective (Sr-Spec) column to retain the (86)Sr. The yttrium was eluted with 4 N HNO(3) onto the second Y-selective (RE-Spec) column with quantitative retention. The RE-Spec column was eluted with a stepwise decreasing concentration of HNO(3) to wash out potential metallic impurities to a waste container. The eluate was then pumped onto an Aminex A5 column with 0.1 N HCl and finally with 3 N HCl to collect the radioyttrium in 0.6-0.8 mL with a >80% recovery. This method enabled us to decontaminate Sr by 250,000 times and label 30 micro g of DOTA-Biotin with a >95% yield.     

A new 68Ge/68Ga radioisotope generator system for production of 68Ga in dilute HCl

The synthesis of an ion-exchanger resin produced from pyrogallol and formaldehyde and characterized by a highly efficient adsorption for ⁶⁸Ge is described. A ⁶⁸Ge/^68Ga radioisotope generator prepared from this resin and operated with 10 ml of 4.5n HCl as eluant constantly showed a high yield of ⁶⁸Ga during a time period of more than 200 days with a contamination of less than 1 ppm ⁶⁸Ge. A small column, filled with commercially available anion-exchanger resin and coupled in series with the generator, reduces the volume and HCl concentration of the generator eluate in such a way that 80% of the available ⁶⁸Ga appears in 4 ml 0.5 N HCl. The eluate is free of radiolytic products and suitable for human use.     

Ethanolchlorobenzene dosimetry for absorbed doses below 1 kGy

The consistency of the ethanolchlorobenzene dosimetry system is demonstrated with respect to the useful dose range of the radiation-chemical response (constant value of G(HCl)) and to the analytical methods of evaluation. The radiation chemical yield in terms of G(HCl) values is constant throughout the applicable absorbed dose range 0.1–100 kGy. The investigation of analytical methods (alkalimetric titration, coulometry and oscillometry) relative to mercurimetric titration shows that consistent results can be obtained routinely within ±2.5% over this wide dose range. The importance of the calibration of oscillometric method is illustrated. A linear relationship between the radiolytical generation of HCl and the oscillometric reading makes possible the use of a simple expression for calculating the dose without relying on a calibration graph.     

Standardization of a 89Sr solution from a BIPM intercomparison using a liquid scintillation method.

A procedure to standardize 89Sr (as strontium chloride) solutions, within the frame of a BIPM intercomparison, by the CIEMAT/NIST method was presented for Instagel Plus, HiSafe III and Ultima Gold liquid scintillation cocktails. The stability was studied for two types of samples: those obtained by direct addition of the 89Sr solution and those by the extra addition of 0.5 ml of HCl (0.1 mol l(-1)) to the cocktails. The results only showed good stability with the three scintillants used when additional HCl was added to the cocktails. The activities per unit mass determined for 89Sr were: 26.344 kBq g(-1) for Instagel Plus; 26.335 kBq g(-1) for HiSafe III; and 26.310 kBq g(-1) for Ultima Gold (at a reference time of 2000.10.01, 00 h UT) with a total uncertainty of 0.5% in each case (k = 1).     

Medical evidence concerning the suitability to succeed to the tenancy of a farm: the case of 'toad of toad hall'

A hill farmer applied to succeed to the tenancy of his farm on the death of his mother who had leased the farm from his maternal aunt. As landlord, she opposed the application which was heard at an Agricultural Land Tribunal (ALT) convened under the provisions of the Agricultural Holdings Act, 1986. The ALT is a court of first instance. The applicant had to prove his eligibility and his suitability. His eligibility was not disputed. Both parties called medical evidence having a bearing on his physical health which was a matter relevant to the issue of suitability. It was in question because there were allegations of excessive drinking and alcohol-related offending. Finding no evidence that the applicant's drinking affected his farming ability, the Tribunal found in his favour and his application to succeed to the tenancy was granted.     

Diatom extraction with HCl from animal tissues: a technical note

Identification of diatoms from human or animal tissue may be affected by factors concerning techniques of extraction and analysis which cause fragmentation or loss of diatoms. In this brief technical note a novel efficient method of extraction of diatoms from animal tissues is presented. The authors have tested an H₂O₂ plus HCl and HCl method to detect diatoms in several tissues from pig immersed in water rich in diatoms; they have also compared this method to other methods of extraction including enzymatic ones. The experiment showed that all siliceous frustules of fresh water diatoms are resistant to the treatment proposed and are still recognizable after the digestion.Among the different tests, treatment by 20% HCl (T1) proved to be more simple and time-saving, and seems to be a valuable diagnostic tool for routine forensic procedures in the extraction and detection of diatoms.The positive results obtained in all cases should lead to further studies in order to evaluate the reliability of the proposed methods also from a quantitative point of view.     

Synthesis and purification of the anti-viral agent 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (FIAC) labeled with iodine-125

The 125I labeled analog of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (FIAC) has been prepared for studies on the imaging of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis infections in animals. Iodination of 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)cytosine X HCl (FAC X HCl) with Na 125I and NaI/HIO3 in aqueous acetic acid, and subsequent removal of residual iodine by CCl4 extraction and ion exchange chromatography, yielded [125I]FIAC in aqueous solution with a specific activity of 45.5 mCi/mmol in 44% radiochemical yield, and with a radiopurity of 96-97%. Methods for further purification are described.     

Child's reaction to mother's abortion: case report.

This psychiatric report is of a case of family members being affected by the choice of abortion within it. A 5-year-old child was referred for psychiatric evaluation because of aggressive behavior toward his young female sibling, poor peer relationships, and multiple tics. 2 factors seemed most important in the playing out of the emotional sequelae of this therapeutic abortion: quality of mothering and influence of the abortion. This boy had unknown maternal care from a grandmother with whom he lived after his father died while his mother was pregnant, and she decided to terminate the pregnancy. The child was hospitalized himself a few months after the abortion, and this probably also was a factor in his behavioral disturbances and intrapsychic conflict. His mother subsequently became pregnant again and carried this child to term. The boy attacked his younger sibling soon after the sibling was brought home from the hospital. It is speculated that the abortion contributed to the boy's intrapsychic conflict, in that he viewed his mother's abortion, which was mutilative surgery in his mind, as the punishment for aggressive and hostile impulses, and, via identification with the aggressor, viewed himself as mutilated and castrated.     

Griffith Pugh,pioneer Everest physiologist

Lewis Griffith Cresswell Evans Pugh (1909-1994), best known as the physiologist on the successful 1953 British Everest Expedition, inspired a generation of scientists in the field of altitude medicine and physiology in the decades after World War II. This paper details his early life, his introduction to exercise physiology during the war, and his crucially important work in preparation for the Everest expedition on Cho Oyu in 1952. Pugh's other great contribution to altitude physiology was as scientific leader of the 1960-1961 Himalayan Scientific and Mountaineering Expedition (the Silver Hut), and the origins and results of this important expedition are discussed. He had a major and continuing interest in the physiology of cold, especially in real-life situations in Antarctica, exposure to cold wet conditions on hills in Britain, and in long distance swimming. He also extended his interest to Olympic athletes at moderate altitude (Mexico City) and to heat stress in athletes. Pugh's strength as a physiologist was his readiness to move from laboratory to fieldwork with ease and his rigor in applying the highest standards in both situations. He led by example in both his willingness to act as a subject for experiments and in his attention to detail. He was not an establishment figure; he was critical of authority and well known for his eccentricity, but he inspired great loyalty in those who worked with him.     

Verhalten von 2′-Hydroxymethylmethaqualon-Glucuronid bei der Spaltung mit Salzsäure

Zusammenfassung Das Glucuronsäurederivat von 2-Hydroxymethylmethaqualon wurde unter verschiedenen Bedingungen mit Salzsäure hydrolysiert. Mit Methode I (12–13% HCl; 30 min im kochenden Wasserbad) wurden nur etwa 27% des Glucuronids gespalten. Mit Methode II (20% HCl; 6 min azeotrop erhitzt) war die Spaltung fast vollständig (94–95%). Methode III (ca. 5% HCl; 30 min im kochenden Wasserbad unter Rückfluß) brachte die schlechtesten Ergebnisse; nur ca. 3% des Glucuronids wurden gespalten.     

Tc-99m PYP scanning following low voltage electrical injury

An adolescent boy sustained low voltage electrical injury to his extremities when he inadvertently touched a low tension (440 volts) wire with a metal tube. Early in his hospital course, he was evaluated with Tc-99m pyrophosphate whole body scanning for the extent of his injuries. The scintigraphic findings correlated well with his subsequent clinical course.     

Adsorption of uranium from aqueous solution on heat and acid treated sepiolites

In this work adsorption of uranium on natural, heat and acid treated sepiolite was studied. For acid treatment HCl and H₂SO₄ were used separately. Heat and acid treatment caused some changes in sepiolite such as surface area, micropore volume (cm³/g) and average pore diameter (Å). Different amounts of Mg ions were extracted from the lattice depending on the type of acid. After acid treatment with HCl, the amount of Mg left in the sepiolite changed a little. During H₂SO₄ treatment the sepiolite structure was progressively transformed into amorphous silica. These heat and acid treatments changed adsorption capacity and mechanism of uranium on sepiolite. Data obtained from the adsorption experiments were applied to Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) adsorption isotherms. Using these isotherms different adsorption capacities were found for natural and treated sepiolite samples. The capacity values were 3.58×10^?3, 3.14×10^?3, 2.78×10^?3 and 1.55×10^?3 mol/g for HCl treated, heat treated, natural and H₂SO₄ treated sepiolite samples, respectively. In order to evaluate the adsorption mechanism adsorption energies were calculated by the D–R isotherm. According to the adsorption energy values uranium fixed to the natural and heat treated sepiolite surface with ion exchange (12.75 and 12.12 kJ/mol, respectively). Simple physical attractions were the driving force for adsorption on HCl and H₂SO₄ treated ones (6.62 and 6.87 kJ/mol, respectively).