153例先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压的围术期临床回顾

目的回顾分析我院2000年9月～2006年12月153例先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压手术围术期资料,总结围手术期处理经验。方法在体外循环下行心内直视手术矫治,术前、术中、术后给予吸氧、静脉注射前列腺素E1、采用膜肺、呼气末正压(PEEP)等。结果经积极围手术期处理,全组1例死于右心衰竭,其余病例疗效满意,无严重并发症发生。结论正确的术前评估和加强围手术期处理是治疗先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压成功的关键。     

靶向药物对成人先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压手术治疗的影响

目的：分析靶向药物对成人先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压手术治疗的影响，探讨药物干预下的手术指征及围手术期处理要点。方法：自2015年1月至2017年6月，我科共完成46例成人先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压患者的外科矫治手术。术前予以3～24个月的靶向药物治疗，术后继续应用靶向药物治疗。结果：①术前经过一段时间的靶向药物治疗，患者经皮氧饱和度、动脉血氧分压、6分钟步行试验距离、双向分流、左室射血分数、肺动脉平均压、肺血管阻力、肺循环血量/体循环血量等指标明显改善。②术后24小时动脉血氧分压较术前明显升高，肺动脉平均压较术前明显下降。围手术期出现肺动脉高压危象10例，再次气管插管3例，脑梗死1例；死亡1例，原因为肺动脉高压危象致循环衰竭。多因素Logistic regression分析提示肺血管阻力≥8wood，肺循环血量/体循环血量≤1.25是围手术期肺动脉高压危象的独立危险因素。1例失访，44例随访6个月～3年，无远期死亡及缺损残余漏，患者经皮氧饱和度、6分钟步行试验距离较术前明显改善，超声心动图提示仍有2例患者肺动脉收缩压高于正常值。结论：成人先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压患者，经过一定时间的靶向药物治疗，当肺血管阻力＜8wood，肺循环血量/体循环血量＞1.25时，可以接受外科手术矫治。术后继续应用靶向药物治疗，预防并及时处理肺动脉高压危象是围手术期处理的关键。     

风湿性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压的外科治疗

目的观察风湿性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压的外科治疗效果,总结围术期治疗经验。方法回顾性分析2010年1月至2016年12月74例在恩施土家族苗族自治州中心医院心胸外科行手术治疗的风湿性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压(平均肺动脉压50 mm Hg)患者的临床资料。Swan-Ganz漂浮导管监测术中、术后肺动脉压及阻力的变化,超声心动图检测术前、术后肺动脉压、左房内径、左室舒张末内径及射血分数,门诊随访评估患者心功能。结果 74例(8.5%)合并重度肺动脉高压的患者入选本研究。其中,男性32例(43.2%),年龄26~72岁,平均(48.6±16.4)岁,病程22.3±9.6年(16~35年),术中死亡6例(8.1%),Swan-Ganz漂浮导管监测术后即刻和24 h平均肺动脉压、肺血管阻力和肺毛细血管楔压较术前明显下降(均为P0.05),心脏指数较术前明显升高(P0.05)。复查超声心动图发现,左房内径明显缩小[(53.2±12.4)mm比(76.5±19.6)mm,P0.001],左室射血分数明显增加[(54.7%±8.9%)比(46.3%±7.8%),P0.01]。随访心功能明显改善(P0.01)。亚组分析发现,高肺动脉压力(肺动脉压力体循环平均动脉压)患者的术后早期肺动脉压、肺血管阻力和肺毛细血管楔压无明显下降,心脏指数无明显增加,手术死亡率明显增加[22.3%比3.6%,P0.001]。但术后6个月复查超声心动图肺动脉压力较术前明显下降[(88.2±13.6)mm Hg比(52.1±8.7)mm Hg,P0.01],心功能有明显改善。结论外科手术治疗可改善风湿性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压患者的短期预后。但高肺动脉压患者的围术期死亡率高,需加强此类患者的围术期管理。     

合并严重肺动脉高压心脏手术围术期的处理（摘要）

合并严重肺动脉高压心脏手术围术期的处理（摘要）周金生，刘震，任文琦，孙彦对２０例合并严重肺动脉高压的心脏病患者，经围术期处理后取得较满意疗效果。２０例中合并严重肺动脉高压动脉导管未闭７例，室间隔缺损８例，先心病部分房室共同通道３例，左心房巨大粘液瘤合...     

10公斤以下婴幼儿室间隔缺损并肺动脉高压的外科治疗

目的探讨低体重婴幼儿室间隔缺损(VSD)并肺动脉高压外科治疗的适应证、手术技术及围术期处理。方法回顾性分析93例体重10kg以下VSD并肺动脉高压患者行室间隔缺损手术治疗的临床资料,手术过程,围术期处理与转归。结果术后早期死亡1例;出现并发症者7例,其中低心排综合征2例,术后残余漏2例,心律失常2例,胸腔积液1例,均经过治疗后痊愈出院。结论低体重婴幼儿VSD并肺动脉高压的手术治疗安全有效、效果良好;对合并复杂畸形的婴幼儿患者手术疗效仍有待进一步提高。     

先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压患者围手术期麻醉管理

对49例先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压患者,行房间隔缺损修补术9例,室间隔缺损修补术26例,动脉导管心内直视修补术3例,部分性心内膜垫修补术9例,全肺静脉异位引流纠治术2例,同时行严格的围手术期麻醉管理.结果麻醉过程平稳,术后治愈出院47例,死亡2例.认为对先天性心脏病合并重度肺动脉高压患者围手术期的麻醉处理,只有遵循保持患者血流动力学稳定,降低肺动脉压、肺循环阻力,维护心功能,避免肺动脉压危象发生的原则,才能提高手术成功率、降低手术死亡率.     

严重肺动脉高压21例围手术期护理体会

2004年3月-2006年6月，我们手术治疗先天性心脏病（先心病）合并肺动脉高压21例。现将围手术期呼吸道护理体会报告如下。     

先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压的外科治疗

左向右分流型先天性心脏病合并肺动脉高压在临床上比较常见,轻度及中度肺动脉高压对手术影响不大,重度肺动脉高压对手术影响较大,严格掌握手术适应症和正确的围手术期处理是手术成功的关键.     

前列地尔联合西地那非治疗心脏围手术期肺动脉高压的疗效观察

目的观察前列地尔联合西地那非,两药物联合应用治疗围手术期肺动脉高压的可行性。方法收集2012年1月至2013年1月我科收治的心脏手术合并肺动脉高压患者80例,其中先天性心脏病40例,后天性心脏瓣膜病40例,并由此分为先心组和瓣膜组,两组再随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组40例围手术期给予吸氧、强心、利尿、扩管、改善心肌重构等常规治疗,实验组在对照组治疗基础上联合前列地尔、西地那非治疗。术前和术后第7~8天分别进行超声心动图检查、动脉血气分析,比较两组疗效差异。结果四组患者手术后肺动脉内径、肺动脉收缩压、左室射血分数、动脉血氧分压指标均有明显改善(P0.05),两大组中,实验组较对照组改善均更为显著(P0.05)。结论对于先天性心脏病或心脏瓣膜病需行心脏外科手术治疗的肺动脉高压患者,心脏手术可明显降低肺动脉压,改善心功能;在心脏围手术期联合应用前列地尔和西地那非,两药协同,可进一步改善肺动脉高压,减轻肺动脉高压患者的症状,改善其预后。     

高原地区先天性心脏病并发重度肺动脉高压的围术期管理

目的:探讨降低高原地区先天性心脏病并发肺动脉高压患者围术期并发症和手术死亡率的策略,评估吸入一氧化氮（NO)在先天性心脏病并发重度肺动脉高压患儿围术期的治疗效果。方法: 回顾性分析2009年6月~2012年12月我院收治的31例高原地区先天性心脏病并发重度肺动脉高压患者围术期管理经验,分析其术前、术中和术后等治疗因素对患者预后的影响,以及术后患者吸入NO 前后的心率、平均动脉压、中心静脉压、动态肺顺应性及氧合指数的变化。结果: 1例患者死亡,其余30 例患者在经过严格围术期管理及吸入NO 治疗后,心率、血压无明显改变,平均超声肺动脉压力、动态肺顺应性、氧合指数比治疗前明显改善,有统计学意义。结论: 严密的围术期管理及NO吸入治疗对治疗高原地区先天性心脏病并发重度肺动脉高压患者具有较好的临床效果。     

Cardiovascular complications in newly diagnosed rheumatic heart disease patients at Mulago Hospital,Uganda

Background

Complications of rheumatic heart disease are associated with severe morbidity and mortality in developing countries where the disease prevalence remains high. Due to lack of screening services, many patients present late, with severe valve disease. In Uganda, the disease and its complications are still not well studied.

Objective

To profile and describe cardiovascular complications in newly diagnosed rheumatic heart disease patients attending the Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study where consecutive, newly diagnosed rheumatic heart disease patients were assessed and followed up for complications, such as heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, atrial fibrillation, recurrence of acute rheumatic fever, and stroke.

Results

A total of 309 (115 males and 196 females) definite rheumatic heart disease patients aged 15–60 years were enrolled in the study and analysed. Complications occurred in 49% (152/309) of the newly diagnosed rheumatic heart disease cases, with heart failure (46.9%) the most common complication, followed by pulmonary arterial hypertension (32.7%), atrial fibrillation (13.9%), recurrence of acute rheumatic fever (11.4%), infective endocarditis (4.5%) and stroke (1.3%). Atrial fibrillation and acute rheumatic fever were the most common complications associated with heart failure.

Conclusion

In this study we found that about 50% of newly diagnosed rheumatic heart disease patients in Uganda presented with complications. Heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension were the most commonly observed complications.     

Pulmonary and pleural complications of cardiac disease

Disorders of the heart frequently cause pulmonary dysfunction because of the close structural and functional association of the heart and lungs. The pulmonary vasculature is very commonly affected by cardiac pathology. The pulmonary vasculature is normally a low-pressure, low-resistance circuit with high compliance and tremendous vascular reserve. Although resting vascular tone is low, there are many identified mediators of pulmonary arterial tone that may help mediate pulmonary blood flow. Alveolar hypoxia is clearly a stimulus for increasing pulmonary vascular resistance although factors that mediate the response to hypoxia are not fully understood. Patients with left-to-right shunting due to congenital heart disease because of elevations in pulmonary artery flow and pressure tend to develop progressive anatomic changes in the pulmonary vasculature. This leads to an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance, irreversible pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, reversal of shunt flow, and Eisenmenger's syndrome. The degree of anatomic vascular damage due to left-to-right shunting can be graded histologically. Lesser grades of damage are reversible with corrective surgery, whereas more severe grades show no improvement or progression with operation. Chronic left-sided congestive heart failure seen in rheumatic mitral stenosis can cause secondary changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Pulmonary hypertension and increased pulmonary vascular resistance can increase reflexly and form a "second stenosis" that further limits cardiac output. Unlike congenital heart disease, severe grades of pulmonary arterial damage are not seen in left heart failure from mitral stenosis or other causes, and consequently with surgical correction pulmonary hypertension reverses. Pulmonary function testing is adversely affected by congestive heart failure. Both restrictive (stiff lungs) and obstructive (cardiac asthma) defects are observed in congestive heart failure. DLCO is abnormally decreased. With treatment of heart failure these defects reverse. Both elevated systemic and pulmonary venous pressures affect fluid filtration in the pleural space and cause pleural fluid accumulation. The fluid is transudative with low protein, low lactate dehydrogenase, and low cell counts. Transudative effusions from heart failure resolve with treatment. With large effusions and cardiomegaly, pulmonary dysfunction results because of atelectasis from compression and space-occupying effects of the heart and pleural fluid. Following myocardial infarction, cardiac surgery, or other cardiac trauma, the postcardiac injury syndrome can result. The syndrome is characterized by exudative pleural and pericardial effusions along with pulmonary infiltrates, fever, chest pain, leukocytosis, and an elevated ESR. The syndrome must be diagnosed by exclusion of bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary emboli, and congestive heart failure. Treatment is with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents or systemic co     

Impact of pulmonary vascular resistances in heart transplantation for congenital heart disease

Congenital heart disease is one of the major diagnoses in pediatric heart transplantation recipients of all age groups. Assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance in these patients prior to transplantation is crucial to determine their candidacy, however, it is frequently inaccurate because of their abnormal anatomy and physiology. This problem places them at significant risk for pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure post transplantation. The pathophysiology of pulmonary vascular disease in children with congenital heart disease depends on their pulmonary blood flow patterns, systemic ventricle function, as well as semilunar valves and atrioventricular valves structure and function. In our review we analyze the pathophysiology of pulmonary vascular disease in children with congenital heart disease and end-stage heart failure, and outline the state of the art pre-transplantation medical and surgical management to achieve reverse remodeling of the pulmonary vasculature by using pulmonary vasodilators and mechanical circulatory support.     

Reversible pulmonary hypertension, tricuspid regurgitation and right-sided heart failure associated with hyperthyroidism: case report and review of the literature

Primary pulmonary hypertension carries a grim prognosis, therefore, it is imperative that prior to reaching this diagnosis, a thorough search be made for all possible causes of pulmonary hypertension. An uncommon cause of pulmonary hypertension amenable to treatment may occasionally be identified. This case report describes a young woman who presented with rapidly progressive right heart failure. Work up for the common secondary causes of pulmonary hypertension was negative, including, congenital intracardiac shunts, left-sided atrial or ventricular heart disease, left-sided valvular heart disease, disorders of the respiratory system including hypoxemia and pulmonary thromboembolic and venoocclusive disease, collagen vascular disease, portal hypertension, HIV infection as well as pulmonary hypertension secondary to drugs and toxins. The only concurrent illness identified was Graves disease. After treatment of hyperthyroidism there was complete resolution of the right heart failure, tricuspid regurgitation, and the pulmonary hypertension. Only a few cases of reversible pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure associated with hyperthyroidism have been reported worldwide. In these patients, the most striking feature has been the normalization of the cardiovascular findings after adequate treatment of hyperthyroidism. The exact reasons for the development of pulmonary hypertension in hyperthyroidism are unclear. Proposed mechanisms include high cardiac output-induced endothelial injury, increased metabolism of intrinsic pulmonary vasodilating substances resulting in elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, and autoimmune phenomenon. Hyperthyroidism should be included in the causes of secondary pulmonary hypertension and/or otherwise unexplained right heart failure. This is especially important because hyperthyroidism is a treatable entity and its cardiac manifestations may be completely reversible.     

鲁登巴赫综合征的外科治疗

目的 :回顾分析 10例鲁登巴赫综合征 ,探讨该疾病在病理生理、诊断和治疗方面的特点。方法 :总结经外科治疗的鲁登巴赫综合征共 10例患者的临床资料。结果 :全组病例无围手术期死亡 ,无顽固性心力衰竭、肺动脉高压危象及恶性心律失常发生。结论 :鲁登巴赫综合征应及早手术治疗 ,修补房间隔缺损同时有效的解除二尖瓣狭窄 ,探查并处理合并的三尖瓣关闭不全 ,术后积极治疗肺动脉高压 ,支持心功能 ,可以取得满意的手术效果     

我国基层医院慢性心力衰竭主要原因的初步调查

目的本研究旨在发现我国基层医院(2级及2级以下医院)慢性心力衰竭(CHF)的主要病因,为开展我国基层医院CHF防治工作提供初步的科学依据。方法对我国17个地区2066所基层医院(每所医院至少1名医生)工作在心内科、急诊科或综合内科一线主治医师职位以上的医生,采取问卷的方式,调查所在医院CHF患者主要病因。回收有效问卷2100份,用SPSS软件进行各省以及全国资料的分析。结果基层医院就诊的CHF前3位病因分别为冠心病(占第一位原因的57.1%)、高血压病(占第二位原因的30.4%)和风湿性心脏病(占第三位原因的29.6%);在一些地区肺心病也是基层医院CHF的主要病因。结论我国基层医院CHF的防治工作重点不仅在于实施有效的冠心病和高血压病的各级预防;还要十分重视风湿性心脏病以及慢性肺疾患的防治。     

先天性心脏病合并艾森曼格综合征的外科治疗

目的回顾分析28例先天性心脏病合并艾森曼格综合征患者外科手术结果,评价手术治疗效果,探讨手术适应证。方法所有病例术前均予以靶向降肺动脉压为主的综合治疗,以动脉SaO2≥90％作为手术指征进行手术。结果围术期无死亡,术后随访4～24个月。1例出院后2个月猝死于肺高压危象;2例患者随访结果欠佳,心功能Ⅳ级,其中1例术后经常晕厥,反复咯血,1例术后3个月肺动脉高压右心衰伴三尖瓣大量反流。其余25例患者均较术前有不同程度的改善。结论部分以往被列为手术禁忌的艾森曼格患者仍可经充分靶向治疗后获得手术机会,并可拥有一个满意的预期结果。正确的手术适应证以及手术时机的选择,合理的围手术期处理,术后长期靶向药物治疗是降低手术风险、改善预后的关键。     

鲁登巴赫综合征的外科治疗

目的总结10例鲁登巴赫综合征的外科治疗经验。方法我院自2006年6月至2010年6月共收治鲁登巴赫综合征10例,男性2例,女性8例。其中房间隔缺损均为先天性,二尖瓣病变先天性1例、风湿性9例。术中10例均行房间隔缺损心包补片修补术,行二尖瓣置换术8例、二尖瓣成形术2例。同期行三尖瓣Devega成形术6例、左心耳结扎术4例。结果10例患者均无围手术期死亡,术后均未出现顽固性心力衰竭、肺动脉高压危象及恶性心律失常等严重手术相关并发症。结论早期行房间隔缺损修补术同期解除二尖瓣狭窄及处理合并的三尖瓣关闭不全,加强围手术期处理,可取得满意的手术效果。     

甘肃省风湿性心脏病15年临床调查

目的:了解甘肃省近15年来风湿性心脏病的临床特征。方法:对甘肃省7家综合性医院和1所急救中心1988年1月～2002年12月所有住院的风湿性心脏病患者的资料进行了调查。结果:风湿性心脏病患者共528例,其中男201例(38.1%),女327例(61.9%),平均发病年龄40岁,208例(39.4%)有风湿热史。首次以心力衰竭住院489例(92.6%),仅有19例(3.6%)因心脏杂音而住院。最常见的并发症是心房颤动(383例,72.5%),其次为栓塞(106例,20.1%)。超声心动图以二尖瓣狭窄多见(415例,78.6%),仅39例(7.4%)接受了手术治疗。15年来共死亡87例(16.5%)。结论:甘肃省风湿性心脏病的防治水平低,应提倡早诊断、早治疗。