颅内表皮样囊肿MRI扫描序列的应用

目的:探讨磁共振(MR)弥散加权成像(DWI)、T2-液体衰减反转恢复(T2-FLAIR)以及常规平扫(T1WI、T2WI)在颅内表皮样囊肿诊断中的作用,比较各序列在病灶检出以及诊断特异性中的价值。方法:回顾性分析34例手术病理证实的颅内表皮样囊肿的术前MR常规平扫、T2-FLAIR以及DWI资料。结果:33例T1WI呈低信号,1例T1WI呈高信号,脂肪抑制像未能抑制。T2WI呈高信号,稍高于脑脊液。T2-FLAIR囊内见不同数量的絮状稍高信号影,其中有4例仅在边缘出现少量絮状等高信号影。DWI均表现为明显高信号,信号不均匀。结论:无论在颅内表皮样囊肿病灶检出还是在信号特异性方面,DWI均优于MRI平扫以及T2-FLAIR,是颅内表皮样囊肿最具诊断价值的扫描技术。     

DWI在颅内表皮样囊肿诊断中的作用

目的 探讨磁共振（MR）弥散加权成像（DWI）、T2-液体衰减反转恢复（T2-FLAIR）在颅内表皮样囊肿诊断中的价值，着重比较二者在病灶检出以及诊断特异性中的作用。方法 回顾性分析40例手术病理证实的颅内表皮样囊肿的术前MR常规平扫、增强和T2-FLAIR以及DWI资料。结果 39例T2W1呈低信号，1例T1WI呈高信号，脂肪抑制像未能抑制。T2WI呈高信号，稍高于脑脊液。T2-FLAIR 囊内见不同数量的絮状稍高信号影，其中有4例仅在迫缘出现少量絮状等高信号影。DWI均表现为明显高信号，信号不均匀。增强多无强化或轻度强化，其中1例发生恶性变者局部囊壁呈花环状明显强化。结论 无论在颅内表皮样囊肿痛灶检出还是信号特异性方面，DWI均优于MRI平扫以及T2-FLAIR，是首选扫描技术。     

桥小脑角表皮样囊肿的磁共振影像表现及其扫描技术分析

目的分析桥小脑角表皮样囊肿的磁共振成像(MRI)表现,探讨磁共振(MR)扫描技术在桥小脑角表皮样囊肿诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析12例桥小脑角表皮样囊肿的MR扫描技术及MRI表现。结果 12例中1例T1WI呈高信号,其余T1WI呈低信号。所有病例T2WI均呈高信号,稍高于脑脊液。9例FLAIR囊内见不同数量的絮状稍高信号影,其中有2例仅在边缘出现少量絮状等高信号影。DWI均表现为明显高信号,信号不均匀。结论桥小脑角表皮样囊肿MRI表现具有特征性,MRI对本病的诊断与鉴别诊断具有价值,联合应用DWI和T2 FLAIR有利于桥小脑角皮样囊肿的诊断。     

脑实质内表皮样囊肿的MRI诊断

目的 总结脑实质内表皮样囊肿的MR影像特征。方法 回顾经手术病理证实为脑实质内表皮样囊肿4例（男3例，女1例），结合文献综合分析脑实质内表皮样囊肿的MR检查方法及影像表现。4例均平扫后增强，辅以FLAIR及DWI（b=1000）序列扫描。结果 4例病灶T1WI上表现为低信号，T1WI上表现为较均匀高信号，FLAIR序列像呈高信号，DWI均匀或欠均匀高信号，增强后病灶不强化或周边轻度强化。结论 脑实质内表皮样囊肿具有较高诊断价值的MR影像特征，MR检查能有效的诊断和鉴别诊断。     

MRI弥散加权成像对颅内表皮样囊肿的诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振（MRI）弥散加权成像（DWI）对颅内表皮样囊肿的诊断价值。方法对17例经手术病理证实的颅内表皮样囊肿的MRI表现做回顾性分析,17例均行MRI常规平扫（T1WI、T2WI）、液体衰减反转恢复（FLAIR）、DWI检查,其中9例加做增强扫描,然后分三组阅片,计算各组的检出率和准确率。结果 17例T1WI呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,FLAIR内见不同数量的絮状稍高信号,DWI均表现为明显高信号,信号不均匀,所有病灶均无灶周水肿,增强无强化。常规序列组、FLAIR组、DWI组的检出率和准确率依次为76%、59%;88%、82%;100%、100%。DWI组的检出率和准确率最高,具有明显优势。结论 DWI对颅内表皮样囊肿的诊断更敏感、准确,具有较高的应用价值。     

颅内表皮样囊肿和蛛网膜囊肿的MR诊断

目的探讨MRI对颅内表皮样囊肿和蛛网膜囊肿的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理确诊的9例表皮样囊肿和12例蛛网膜囊肿MRI平扫及DWI表现。结果表皮样囊肿形态不规则多呈分叶状，4例位于桥小脑角区，3例位于鞍上，2例位于纵裂池，7例表皮样囊肿T1WI呈混杂信号，2例呈低信号，T2WI及DWI均呈高信号。蛛网膜囊肿形态较规则，6例位于枕大池，3例位于环池附近，3例位于大脑凸面，T3WI呈均匀低信号，T2WI呈高信号，DWI呈低信号。结论根据病变的发病部位、形态、生长方式、MR信号特点及DWI表现可有效鉴别表皮样囊肿和蛛网膜囊肿。     

颅内表皮样囊肿和蛛网膜囊肿的MR诊断

目的探讨MRI对颅内表皮样囊肿和蛛网膜囊肿的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经手术病理确诊的9例表皮样囊肿和12例蛛网膜囊肿MRI平扫及DWI表现。结果表皮样囊肿形态不规则多呈分叶状,4例位于桥小脑角区,3例位于鞍上,2例位于纵裂池,7例表皮样囊肿T1WI呈混杂信号,2例呈低信号,T2WI及DWI均呈高信号。蛛网膜囊肿形态较规则,6例位于枕大池,3例位于环池附近,3例位于大脑凸面,T1WI呈均匀低信号,T2WI呈高信号,DWI呈低信号。结论根据病变的发病部位、形态、生长方式、MR信号特点及DWI表现可有效鉴别表皮样囊肿和蛛网膜囊肿。     

磁共振弥散成像鉴别颅内表皮样囊肿与蛛网膜囊肿

目的探讨磁共振弥散成像（DWI）鉴别颅内表皮样囊肿与蛛网膜囊肿的诊断价值。方法回顾我院2008年以来30例颅内轴外囊性病变患者的磁共振影像资料。结果表皮样囊肿9例（手术病理证实）;蛛网膜囊肿21例。二者均常规行头颅横轴位T1WI、T2WI、T2WI-FLAIR序列扫描,信号变化相同,而DWI图像差异显著,表皮样囊肿DWI为高信号而蛛网膜囊肿DWI为低信号。结论 DWI能准确鉴别颅内表皮样囊肿与蛛网膜囊肿。     

颅内皮样囊肿和表皮样囊肿的MRI鉴别诊断

目的：探讨颅内皮样囊肿及表皮样囊肿的MRI表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析5例经手术病理证实的颅内皮样囊肿和7例颅内表皮样囊肿病例,对其MRI表现、病理和临床特征进行分析。其中8例行MRI增强扫描。结果：5例颅内皮样囊肿病例中,3例表现为T1WI低信号,T1WI为高信号,2例T1WI及T2WI均为不均匀高信号。增强扫描的3例均表现为厚壁中等强化。7例颅内表皮样囊肿病例中,4例表现为T,WI低信号,T2WI高信号,2例TlWI及T2WI均为高信号,l例T1WI及T2WI均为不均匀高信号。增强扫描的5例中4例表现为薄壁轻微强化,1例壁无强化。结论：颅内皮样囊肿和表皮样囊肿均有较典型的MRI表现,可实现术前正确诊断,MRI鉴别诊断意义重大。     

脑部脉络膜裂囊肿的MR诊断

目的:探讨脑部脉络膜裂囊肿的MR诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析14例脉络膜裂囊肿的MR影像学特征,所有病例均行MR平扫,其中4例同时行MR增强检查.结果:14例病灶均位于脉络膜裂内,表现为边界清楚的囊性病变,T1WI呈低信号、T2WI呈高信号,T2FLAIR、DWI呈低信号,周围无水肿.4例增强扫描者均无强化.结论:MR对于脉络膜裂囊肿的诊断及鉴别诊断具有重要价值.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.