左氧氟沙星方案治疗煤工尘肺合并肺结核近远期疗效观察

目的观察含左氧氟沙星方案治疗煤工尘肺合并结核初治老年病人近远期疗效。方法应用含左氧氟沙星方案治疗煤工尘肺合并结核70例,观察痰菌阴转率和X射线胸片好转率及随访3年痰菌复阳率和X射线胸片恶化率,与常规方案治疗50例对比。结果疗程结束后实验组痰菌转阴、X射线胸片改变优于对照组,随访3年痰菌复阳率、X射线胸片恶化率有差异。结论含左氧氟沙星方案对于煤工尘肺结核老年病人近远疗效较佳。     

耐多药肺结核门诊个体化治疗的研究

目的探讨耐多药肺结核（MDR-PTB）个体化治疗的疗效和安全性。方法对MDR-PTB患者，给以3HPKzLTh／3DZLTh／9DLTh为主体方案的个体化治疗，观察痰菌阴转、肺部X线病灶的吸收率以及药物的毒副反应。结果41例患者丢失6例，35例完成15个月疗程，痰菌阴转率82.86％（29／35），X线病灶好转率85．71％（30／35），随访12个月痰菌复阳率5．7％（2／35）。完成疗程35例中，有肝功能出现异常者6例，其中1例在疗程末期出现严重肝功能异常，有2例出现蛋白尿、8例血尿酸增高，但经对症治疗都能基本恢复正常而顺利完成15个月治疗。结论MDRPTB的治疗，采用3HPKX LTh／3DXL Th／9DLTh为主体的化疗方案治疗，其痰菌阴转率和x线病灶吸收率都比较满意。     

煤工尘肺结核患者痰结核菌持续不阴转临床分析

目的探讨导致煤工尘肺结核患者慢性排菌的相关因素。方法对本院近5年收治的痰菌阳性煤工尘肺结核患者经系统抗结核化疗，对痰结核菌阴转和不阴转的两组患者影响因素进行对比分析。结果尘肺结核患者有5．56％痰菌持续不阴转，尘肺期别、初复治、多耐药、有无合并糖尿病及是否免疫辅助治疗，对痰菌不阴转影响不大；而耐药（耐多药）、肺空洞、药物不良反应、用药依从性差两组比较差异有非常显著性。结论耐药（耐多药）、肺空洞、药物不良反应、用药依从性差是煤工尘肺结核患者出现痰菌持续不阴转的主要影响因素。     

耐多药肺结核的成因及治疗

目的 :分析耐多药肺结核的成因及抗结核药物治疗效果。方法 :用 3KPTHOZE/ 9THOZE方案治疗 ,观察痰菌、X线胸片、空洞改变及外周血T淋巴细胞亚群变化。结果 :耐多药肺结核患者 6 9%由不规则用药所致 ,14%为原发性耐药 ,17%与医疗方案不恰当、剂量不足有关 ;进展期细胞免疫指标CD3 、CD4 细胞明显降低 ,满疗程痰菌阴转率 86 %。结论 :加强对初治肺结核的治疗和管理 ,合理使用抗结核方案 ,是防止耐多药肺结核的关键 ,联用 5～ 6种药物治疗在临床上是安全有效的     

超长疗程阿米卡星在治疗耐多药肺结核中的疗效与安全风险的评估

摘要:目的　评价超长疗程阿米卡星在治疗耐多药肺结核中的疗效与药物安全风险。方法　将138例耐多药肺结核病例随机分组,治疗组77例,对照组61例。化疗方案:治疗组方案为12AmZEPLvTh/12ZEPLvTh,对照组方案为6AmZEPLvTh/18ZEPLvTh;2组于治疗前、治疗6月末、治疗12月末及治疗24月末分别进行X线、痰菌检查;对2组同期的肺部X线病灶吸收率、痰菌阴转率进行比较。监测阿米卡星不良反应发生率,同期进行比较。结果　2组共有105例完成化疗疗程,治疗组57例,对照组48例。治疗6月末,治疗组痰菌阴转率、肺部病灶X线吸收有效率分别与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗12月末,治疗组痰菌阴转率、肺部X线吸收有效率与对照组分别比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗24月末,治疗组与对照组痰菌阴转率、肺部X线吸收有效率比较差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。在完成疗程病例中,2组阿米卡星不良反应发生率比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在退组病例中,因阿米卡星不良反应而发生的退组率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　阿米卡星注射剂的12个月超长疗程治疗耐多药肺结核的疗效优于6个月疗程的疗效;在严密监测下,超长疗程阿米卡星注射剂治疗是相对安全的。     

化学药物联合免疫调节剂治疗煤工尘肺结核疗效观察

目的观察化学药物联合免疫调节剂治疗煤工尘肺结核的疗效。方法随机将81例煤工尘肺结核患者分为治疗组及对照组,两组化疗方案相同,治疗组加用免疫调节剂,观察治疗前后痰菌阴转率、病变吸收好转率、空洞闭合率及临床症状的改善,分析其疗效。结果治疗结束后治疗组和对照组痰菌阴转率分别为92.8%、69.2%,X线影象结果表明两组的病灶显效率分别为76.5%、47.5%,肺部病变吸收总有效率95.1%、67.5%,空洞闭合率82.2%、59.3%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。临床症状咳嗽、咳痰、胸痛、呼吸困难、乏力等症状有改善,治疗组改善程度均大于对照组。结论化学药物联合免疫调节剂治疗煤工尘肺结核疗效较好。其机制可能是通过增强机体细胞免疫功能而实现。     

耐多药肺结核患者发现及治疗策略分析

目的通过分析耐多药肺结核患者发现和治疗情况,探索适合中国国情的耐多药肺结核患者发现及治疗策略。方法采用月报表、季报表收集患者发现、治疗及痰菌阴转数据,通过分析耐多药肺结核患者筛出率评价高危人群筛查的患者发现策略;通过分析标准化治疗方案使用情况以及6月末痰菌阴转情况,评价耐多药标准化治疗策略。结果耐多药2 657例可疑患者进行药敏试验,880例(33.1%)确诊为耐多药肺结核;其中经过治疗前体检和医生评估的814例患者,仅有473例(58.1%)纳入治疗,433例(91.5%)接受标准化治疗;完成6个月治疗的124例患者中,痰涂片和痰培养阴转率分别为67.7%和63.7%。结论耐多药肺结核高危人群筛查是适合中国目前技术能力和资源情况,符合成本效益的患者发现策略;标准化治疗方案能够满足大部分患者治疗需求,并获得理想的痰菌阴转率。     

莫西沙星替代左氧氟沙星治疗耐多药肺结核疗效分析

目的评价莫西沙星治疗耐多药肺结核的临床疗效。方法将67例耐多药肺结核患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,分别给予莫西沙星或左氧氟沙星联合卷曲霉素、对氨基水杨酸钠、丙硫异烟胺、吡嗪酰胺,比较两组临床疗效。结果治疗组在各个月痰菌阴转率均明显高于同期对照组(P﹤0.05);至治疗结束,痰菌涂片、培养检查,治疗组阴转率为81.0%,对照组阴转率为68.4%,治疗组明显高于对照组(P﹤0.05),差异有统计学意义。x线胸片或胸部CT检查:治疗组病灶吸收率和空洞闭合率有效率分别为80.6%和58.1%;对照组有效率分别为66.7%和43.3%,治疗组明显优于对照组(P﹤0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论含莫西沙星的治疗方案能明显提高耐多药结核病的痰菌阴转及病灶吸收、空洞闭合,且安全、可靠,值得临床推广应用。     

微卡治疗老年煤工尘肺复治涂阳肺结核36例疗效观察

目的 观察和评价微卡治疗老年煤工尘肺复治涂阳肺结核的临床疗效.方法 将患者随机分为微卡治疗组（治疗组）与单纯化疗组（对照组）,观察治疗致病菌转阴情况和空洞闭合情况.结果 3个月痰菌阴转率,治疗组与对照组分别为66.7%和42.9%,6个月痰菌阴转率分别为77.8%和48.6%,治疗组均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）.3个月空洞闭合率,治疗组与对照组分别为47.2%和22.9%,6个月空洞闭合率分别为77.8%和54.3%,治疗组均显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）.结论 微卡能提高老年煤工尘肺复治涂阳肺结核患者痰菌阴转率,促进空洞闭合.     

衢州市耐多药肺结核耐药谱与治疗效果

目的：分析衢州市耐多药肺结核耐药谱与治疗转归,为耐多药肺结核治疗提供依据。方法收集2010年3月-2013年6月耐多药肺结核的资料,对治疗情况进行分析。结果71例耐多药肺结核中,耐药种数所占比例前3位依次为耐3种药（39.43%）、耐4种药（25.35%）和耐2种药（18.31%）。纳入全球基金结核病项目治疗41例,治疗满6个月25例,6月末痰菌阴转率80.00%;是否耐氧氟沙星是6月末痰检阴转率的影响因素（P〈0.05）。结论耐多药肺结核耐3种及以上药物所占比例较高;经规范的化疗方案,坚持规则服药,治疗满6个月者的痰菌阴转率较高。     

有性才会有健康

性是基本的人权。根据我国著名的性学家史成礼教授的研究,性有“三大功能”:生育功能、享乐功能和健康功能。     

Communicating with people with dementia

It can be very difficult to communicate with people with dementia. Each case requires its own unique handling. Not every scenario is covered, as many times your own judgment is what will work, best according to the circumstances. These can change from dawn to evening and from day to day. Never assume things will be the way they were the last time you communicated. Be on your guard. Be adaptable. The article will help get you started to think of your own ways to communicate.     

经方汗证治验

临床上汗证病情复杂,分自汗、盗汗、黄汗和但头汗出,治疗汗证方药诸多,有益气固表、养阴清热和清热除湿等方法,疗效不一。受恩师刘健主任教导和《伤寒论》《金匮要略》病脉证并治启发,以脉证并治、方证对应思想,浅谈桂枝加附子汤、黄芪芍药苦酒汤、柴胡桂枝干姜汤和三物黄芩汤治疗汗证的经验,为经方治疗汗证提供新思路。     

Working with patients with physical disabilities

Medical practices need to make a number of adaptations to ensure that their facilities and staff are accessible to patients and other office visitors with physical disabilities. This article describes 10 specific strategies for preparing your medical practice for patients with disabilities, both inside and outside your office. It describes minimum standards for office doorways, sidewalk inclines, ramps, reception areas, and other adaptations medical offices need to make. The article also describes specific do and don't advice for communicating with patients with physical disabilities. It suggests strategies for preparing written materials for disabled patients, for communicating verbally, and for providing healthcare education. Finally, it suggests an appropriate role for medical practice staff in the delivery of healthcare services to patients with physical disabilities.     

Coping with Children with ADHD: Coping Styles of Mothers with Children with ADHD or Challenging Behaviours

Parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can experience significant levels of stress in their parenting roles, however, little is known about the specific coping strategies used by these parents. This pilot study Investigated the coping strategies used by mothers of children with ADHD. A 34 item questionnaire was developed to identify maternal coping strategies. A cohort of 38 mothers of children with ADHD and a control group of 30 mothers of children without ADHD or any other disability/illness completed the questionnaire. Factor analysis of responses produced three factors: Aggressive/Confrontive Coping, Rational Coping, and Indirect Coping. These factors are similar to coping dimensions proposed by Folkman and Lazarus. Comparisons between the two groups of mothers revealed that mothers of children with ADHD used significantly more Indirect Coping.     

Experiments with cholera toxin detoxified with glutaraldehyde

Studies on the production, purification, and detoxification of cholera toxin are reported. The toxin was first partially purified with aluminium hydroxide and further purification was effected with Bio Gel A-5m and Sephadex G-75. The toxins were detoxified with glutaraldehyde; the toxoids so obtained, when injected into the skin of rabbits, appeared to have no residual toxicity. All the toxins were immunogenic. The toxoid partially purified with aluminium hydroxide retained most of its immunizing capacity, but the highly purified toxoids did not retain their capacity to stimulate antibody production in rabbits.