超声造影新技术鉴别诊断肝脏局灶性病变的研究

目的评价超声造影新技术鉴别诊断肝脏局灶性病变（FLL）的临床应用价值。方法采用六氟化硫微气泡造影剂和连续实时成像的对比脉冲序列技术,对505例FLL作超声造影检查。分析病灶增强开始时间、增强的水平、形态和随时相变化的特点。结果良、恶性FLL的增强开始时间和增强水平等表现均可相似,定性诊断最有意义的指标是增强随时相的变化。绝大多数恶性病变表现动脉期不同程度增强,至延迟期消退为低增强,良性病变则为动脉期增强后延迟期仍保持高增强或等增强,或整个造影过程均无增强。以此作为鉴别诊断的标准,诊断性试验显示超声造影诊断恶性FLL的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为95．7％（313／327）、86．0％（153／178）、92．6％（313／338）、91.6％（153／167）和92．3％（466／505）。结论超声造影新技术鉴别诊断FLL,安全简便、准确性高,值得推广应用。     

超声造影对肝脏占位性病变的诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影对肝脏占位性病变良、恶性鉴别诊断的价值。方法 2018年5月至2019年10月对30例肝脏占位性病变病人经外周肘静脉注射造影剂Sono Vue行超声造影检查,依据病变的造影开始增强时间、达峰时间及开始消退时间对其进行良恶性鉴别诊断,并分析不同类型肝脏占位性病变的增强模式。结果以手术或穿刺病理确诊病变类型:恶性病变21个(肝细胞性肝癌14个,胆管细胞性肝癌1个,转移性肝癌6个),以穿刺病理或随访MR/CT临床诊断良性病变11个(肝血管瘤9个,肝脏局灶性结节增生1个,肝硬化结节1个)。超声造影正确诊断恶性病变21个,正确诊断良性病变10个。恶性病变开始增强时间(12.76±2.68 s vs. 16.12±3.82s)、达峰时间(23.18±3.57 s vs. 42.78±10.46 s)、开始消退时间(40.69±8.42 s vs. 78.35±14.63 s),大部分恶性病变明显早于良性病变,但有小部分不同类型病变间有交叉。结论超声造影对肝脏占位性病变良、恶性的鉴别诊断准确率较高,具有较高的应用价值。     

超声造影对移植肝局灶性病变的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨超声造影对移植肝内局灶性病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法对67例肝移植术后确诊有移植肝内局灶性病变的患者进行超声造影检查,观察不同病变在动脉期、门静脉期和延迟期3个时相的造影剂灌注模式。以延迟期仍保持高增强或等增强或造影中始终无增强判定为良性病变,以延迟期消退为低增强或无增强判定为恶性病变,计算超声造影诊断良性病变与恶性病变的敏感度与假阴性率。结果与良性病变比较,在动脉期表现为高增强或等增强的病灶中,恶性病变在门静脉期或延迟期有显著的增强消退倾向(P0.01)。超声造影诊断良性病变的敏感度为90%(19/21),假阴性率为10%(2/21),2例假阴性均为肝脓肿;诊断恶性病变的敏感度为100%(46/46)。结论超声造影对移植肝内局灶性病变具有较高的鉴别诊断价值,有助于区别良、恶性病变。     

肝脏局灶性病变的超声造影诊断

目的通过对一组肝脏局灶性病变进行实时超声造影检查,评价超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的价值。方法对66例肝脏局灶性病变进行实时超声造影检查,记录病灶的始增时间及始退时间,并分析病灶强化方式。结果原发性肝癌主要呈现整体均匀、不均匀或环状强化;肝转移癌主要呈现环状、整体均匀或不均匀强化;肝血管瘤主要呈现周边结节状强化;FNH主要呈自中央轮辐状强化。恶性病变组与良性组始退时间及持续时间比较差异均有统计学意义。结论超声造影在显示病变内血流灌注特征方面具有突出优势,在肝脏局灶性病变的鉴别诊断上具有突出价值。     

超声造影对非肝细胞癌肝脏局灶性病变的诊断价值

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨超声造影(CEUS)对非肝细胞癌肝脏局灶性病变的诊断价值。方法〓对1753例行CEUS的非肝细胞癌肝脏局灶性病变患者的超声造影进行回顾分析,将超声造影结果与诊断金标准对比,评价CEUS对非肝细胞癌肝脏局灶性病变良恶性及病灶类型区分的诊断价值。结果〓1753病例中,良性病灶1318个、CEUS正确诊断92.94%(1225/1318);恶性病灶435个,CEUS正确诊断88.74%(386/435);CEUS对非肝细胞癌肝脏局灶性恶性病变诊断的敏感度为88.74%(386/435),特异度为92.94%(1225/1318),准确率为91.90%(1611/1753),阳性预测值为80.58.7%(386/479),阴性预测值为96.15%(1225/1274)。CEUS对不同病灶病理类型诊断的准确率:血管瘤97.41%(640/657)、局灶性脂肪变96.43%(216/224)、MLC 84.81%(268/316)、FNH 85.55%(225/263)、炎性病变(包括肝脓肿)58.82%(40/68)、RN 57.14%(28/49)、DN 12.50%(2/16)。结论〓CEUS对非肝细胞癌肝脏局灶性病变的良恶性鉴别诊断有较高的价值,但对病种类型的定性诊断准确率有待提高。     

超声造影检查在肝脏良性肿瘤诊断中的应用价值

由于超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,CEUS)检查能明显提高肝脏局灶性病变的检出率,并具有对病灶的血流灌注情况进行实时动态观察,方便地对存储在硬盘中的动态图像进行回放、运用时间-强度曲线分析,诊断的准确性与增强螺旋CT和增强MRI基本相同等优势,已经在肝脏局灶性病变的诊断和鉴别诊断中展现出很高的临床应用价值.了解肝脏不同病变的超声造影特征,可用于肝脏良、恶性肿瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断,为临床选择正确的治疗方法提供可靠的信息.     

超声造影对肝脏良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值研究

目的研究分析超声造影(CEUS)检查对肝脏肿瘤良恶性的诊断价值。方法选取2019年1月至2019年12月本院收治的肝脏占位病变患者共100例,所有患者入院后均行CEUS以及增强CT检查,且均行穿刺活检或病理检查,对肝脏病灶良恶性进行最终确诊。分析增强CT以及CEUS的肝脏病灶的影像特点,比较两种影像检查方法对肝脏良恶性病灶的诊断率、敏感度及特异性,同时分析研究超声造影下肝脏良恶性病灶的相关参数指标情况。结果 100例病患者中,共有115个病灶,其中恶性病灶71个,良性病灶44个。CEUS对对肝脏良恶性病灶的敏感度、特异度、诊断率均明显高于增强CT检查(P0.05);CEUS检查肝脏恶性病灶的始增时间、达峰时间及减退时间均明显小于良性病灶,但峰值强度大于良性病灶(P0.05)。结论 CEUS对肝脏肿瘤病变良恶性的诊断具有更高的准确度,适合临床选择应用。     

超声与CT检查在肝癌及肝脏局灶性结节增生中的对比分析

目的探讨常规超声与多层螺旋CT(MSCT)检查在肝癌及肝脏局灶性结节增生(FNH)中的价值。方法选取2013年5月至2016年5月治疗的肝占位性病变患者300例,分别行超声和MSCT检查。数据分析采用SPSS 19.0软件,良恶性病灶CT增强时间比较采用(x珋±s)表示,组间比较使用t检验;对不同大小病灶诊断正确率比较使用χ~2检验;与病理诊断的一致性采用Kappa检验。以P0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。结果常规超声诊断肝脏局灶性病灶良恶性与病理诊断的一致性Kappa值为0.409,P0.05;MSCT诊断肝脏局灶性病灶良恶性与病理诊断的一致性Kappa值为0.824,P0.05;MSCT在直径≤1 cm微小病灶诊断正确率为83.7%,明显高于超声检查(P0.05);MSCT和常规超声在直径1~3 cm、3~5 cm以及≥5 cm微小病灶诊断正确率差异比较无统计学意义(P0.05);FNH始增时间、持续时间和始消时间分别为(204.3±4.1)s、(101.2±8.3)s和(51.1±6.7)s,均明显长于恶性肿瘤,差异比较有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 MSCT在肝癌及FNH中有较好的诊断价值,尤其在微小病灶诊断中明显优于常规超声。     

超声造影新技术对胆囊良恶性疾病的鉴别诊断价值

目的 探讨超声造影对胆囊疾病良恶性鉴别诊断的临床应用价值.方法 采用低机械指数实时超声造影技术检查80例常规超声疑为胆囊占位的病例,包括胆囊癌33例和良性病变47例.分析胆囊病变的增强时间、增强模式以及病变部位胆囊壁层次结构的完整性,评估超声造影鉴别胆囊病变良恶性的诊断性能.结果 在CEUS增强早期呈高增强或等增强并在造影剂注射后35 s内变低增强者在胆囊癌中占96.8%(30/31)、良性病变中占19.5%(8/41)(P<0.001).CEUS增强早期病变呈高增强或等增强变为低增强平均时间胆囊癌为(29.5±9.8)s、良性病变为(58.8±13.9)s(P<0.001).病变表现为不均匀增强者在胆囊癌中占78.8%(26/33),良性病变中占27.6%(13/47)(P<0.001).病变处胆囊壁完整性破坏者在胆囊癌中占84.8%(28/33),良性病变中占0.0%(0/47)(P<0.001).常规超声检查胆囊疾病诊断正确率为72.5%(58/80),超声造影检查胆囊病变诊断正确率为93.8%(75/80)(P<0.001).结论 超声造影较普通超声能显著改善对胆囊疾病良恶性鉴别诊断能力,值得临床应用推广.     

超声造影鉴别局灶型自身免疫性胰腺炎和胰腺癌的研究

目的 探讨超声造影鉴别局灶型自身免疫性胰腺炎和胰腺癌的价值.方法 回顾性分析2015年1月～2019年12月在本院就诊的超声表现为胰腺局灶性肿块的自身免疫性胰腺炎和胰腺癌患者88例.观察并比较局灶型自身免疫性胰腺炎组和胰腺癌组肿块的回声、肿块位置、有无主胰管扩张、超声造影强度、造影剂分布均匀度和是否存在不规则血管结构等影像学表现是否存在差异.结果 88例中,局灶型自身免疫性胰腺炎33例,胰腺癌55例.单因素分析显示,患者性别、年龄、肿块最大径、肿块位置和回声的组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);超声造影强度、造影剂分布均匀度和是否存在不规则血管结构的组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).回归模型诊断的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和约登指数分别为72.7％、96.3％、92.3％、85.5％和0.691,ROC曲线下面积为0.858(95％CI:0.779-0.937).结论 超声造影对局灶型自身免疫性胰腺炎和胰腺癌具有鉴别诊断价值,可提高诊断自身免疫性胰腺炎的准确度.     

Ultrasonic diagnosis of focal damages in thoracoscopic operations

5-year experience of developed in PAMS A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery RAMS ultrasonic examination (USE) of the lung in thoracoscopic operations for focal lung lesions (FLL) is presented. Pilot experience of ultrasonic topical and differential diagnosis of FII opens a new page in diagnosis of respiratory diseases. Over 5 years 74 USE of FLL were performed. FLL were found in 91% cases. Detailed topical diagnosis of allows to design the lung resection with the best functional result. In postoperative X-ray examination neither atelectases nor zones of stable hypoventilation were detected. Normal echographic picture of lung tissue and echosemiotics of different focal lesions are descubed. The experience of diagnosis by echographic signs of FLL shows teasibility of differentiation of hamartomas from tuberculomas and focal metastatic lesions. The payential of differential diagnosis is illustrated. Differential diagnosis supported enucleation in superficial hamartomas and resection in suspected malignant tumor or tuberculosis. Use of intraoperative USE in the majority of cases of focal lesions located both in depth of lung tissue and subpleurally warrants the success of operation in thoracoscopic variant.     

Focal lesions in cirrhotic explant livers: Pathological evaluation and accuracy of pretransplantation imaging examinations

Imaging detection and diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and dysplastic nodules (DNs) in cirrhotic patients is important because the number, size, and type of focal lesions strongly influence patient management. Focal lesions detected by imaging examinations during pretransplantation evaluation were correlated with focal lesions detected during detailed pathological examination of 49 cirrhotic explant livers. Within 6 months before transplantation, color Doppler ultrasonography (US), contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were performed in 94%, 33%, and 55% of patients, respectively. In 2% to 8% of patients, different types of benign focal lesions were present, and a considerable proportion was interpreted as (pre)malignant on imaging examination. US detected only the largest HCCs (patient sensitivity, 40%; specificity, 100%) and no DNs. On a per-patient basis, contrast-enhanced CT and MR imaging had poor sensitivity (20% and 27%, respectively) and good specificity (100% and 94%, respectively) for DNs. Patient sensitivity and specificity of both techniques for HCC were reasonable (50% for CT, 70% for MR imaging) and good (79% for CT, 82% for MR imaging), respectively. Neither technique was able to detect smaller (pre)malignant lesions. As a consequence, 10% of patients underwent transplantation, although they exceeded the tumor number limit. Currently used imaging techniques cannot correctly determine the exact tumor burden in some cirrhotic patients. Regular contrast-enhanced MR examination of cirrhotic patients waiting for liver transplantation is the best tool for the early detection of (pre)malignant lesions. (Liver Transpl 2002;8:749-761.)     

胰腺实性局灶性病变超声造影增强模式初探

目的 探讨各种胰腺实性局灶性病变(s-FLPs)超声造影增强模式.方法 采用SonoVue 结合低机械指数厌阶超声造影技术回顾性分析56例确诊的胰腺实性局灶性病变,观察不同胰腺实性局灶性病变在不同时相的增强特征.结果 胰腺癌85.7%(36/42)实质灌注早期和实质灌注晚期均保持低增强水平呈Ⅰ型增强模式,90.5%(38/42)增强晚于胰腺实质,血管期肿瘤内町见不规则分布的扭曲走行微血管缓慢由周边向中央灌注;肿瘤样胰腺炎75%(6/8)实质灌注早期和实质灌注晚期均保持等增强水平呈Ⅱ型增强模式,75%(6/8)与胰腺实质同时增强,血管期肿块内可见均匀分布的微血管快速全瘤灌注;胰腺内分泌肿瘤2/3呈实质灌注早期为高增强和实质灌注晚期为低增强呈Ⅳ型增强模式,2/3增强早于胰腺实质,血管期肿瘤内微血管快速伞瘤灌注;转移瘤增强模式与原发肿瘤类型有关,血管期肿瘤内微血管快速全瘤灌注.结论 不同胰腺实性局灶性病变的超声造影有其典型的增强模式,从而克服了BUS对s-FLPs缺乏组织特性的不足,有望成为s-FLPs鉴别诊断的一种重要影像学方法.     

超声造影检测和诊断小肝癌的价值

目的探讨实时超声造影检测和诊断体积较小原发性肝癌的价值。方法分析353例共378个经临床和病理检查证实的直径≤3cm的原发性肝癌的超声造影表现,包括造影的增强时相和增强方式,并与病理类型相比较。结果所有原发性肝癌中96.6%(365/378)的病灶动脉相显示增强,其中317(83.9%)个病灶增强早于肝实质,48(12.7%)个病灶增强与肝实质同步;增强方式中329(87.0%)个病灶呈整体增强,35(9.3%)个呈斑片状增强,14(3.7%)个病灶呈环状增强。在门脉相和晚期相,342(90.5%)个病灶相对于肝实质呈低回声。若将造影时病灶动脉相增强早于或同步于肝实质以及门脉期消退作为超声造影诊断肝癌的标准,则敏感性为87.3%(330/378);若将整体增强和斑片状增强作为原发性肝癌的特异增强方式,结合增强方式和时相,则超声造影鉴别诊断原发性肝癌的敏感性为92.9%(351/378)。结论超声造影可实时动态观察肝肿瘤相对于肝实质的灌注和廓清过程,揭示肿瘤的血流动力学,在鉴别诊断小肝癌中具有重要的临床实用价值。     

实时灰阶超声造影在肝脏局灶性病变诊断中的应用

目的 探讨肝脏局灶性病变的实时灰阶超声造影声像特征及其定性诊断价值.方法 对肝脏局灶性病变患者103例142个病灶进行团注法实时灰阶超声造影检查,分析超声造影声像特征.结果 本组病灶按始增方式分为5型,峰值声像分为4型,造影剂灌注方式分为7型.不同病灶的超声造影时相特征不同.实时灰阶超声造影定性诊断准确率为93.0%,显著高于常规超声和增强CT(x2=47.430,P<0.05).结论 病灶特征性的始增和造影剂灌注方式在鉴别诊断方面有很大帮助,峰值声像意义则不大.超声造影与常规超声、增强CT相比可显著提高肝脏局灶性病变的定性诊断率.     

Impact of ultra-low dose CT acquisition on semi-automated RECIST tool in the evaluation of malignant focal liver lesions

PurposeTo compare the evaluation of malignant focal liver lesions (FLLs) using a semi-automated RECIST tool with a standard and an ultra-low dose (ULD) computed tomography (CT) protocol.Materials and methodsThirty-four patients with malignant FLLs underwent two abdominal-pelvic CT examinations one using a standard protocol and one using an ULD protocol. There were 23 men and 11 women with a mean age 64.3 ± 14.4 (SD) years (range: 22–91 years). Dosimetric indicators were recorded, and effective dose was calculated for both examinations. Mean malignant FLL attenuation, image noise and contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR) were compared. The largest malignant FLL per patient was evaluated using the semi-automated RECIST tool to determine longest axis length, longest orthogonal axis length, volume and World Health Organisation area.ResultsDosimetric values were significantly reduced by −56% with ULD compared to standard protocol. No differences in mean malignant FLL attenuation values were found between the two protocols. Image noise was significantly increased for all locations (P < 0.05) with ULD compared to standard protocol, and CNR was significantly reduced (P < 0.05). On the 34 malignant FLLs analyzed, six semi-automated shapes non-concordant with radiologist's visual impression were highlighted with the software, including one FLL (1/34; 3%) with standard CT acquisition only, three FLLs (3/34; 9%) with ULD CT acquisition only and two FLLs (2/34; 6%) with both CT acquisitions. After manual editing, the concordance of the values of the studied criteria between both acquisitions was good and no significant difference was reported.ConclusionSemi-automated RECIST tool demonstrates good performances using ULD CT protocol. It could be used in routine clinical practice with a ULD protocol for follow-up studies in patients with known malignant FLL.