深圳市部分更年期门诊患者相关症状调查

[目的]了解更年期妇女相关症状,为今后更有针对性地开展围绝经期预防保健工作提供依据.[方法]2006年6月至2007年10月,对在深圳市人民医院更年期门诊就诊的150例40～60岁患者进行问卷调查.[结果]调查150例,自述潮热、出汗的占30.00%,失眠占44.67%,心烦易激动占33.33%.疲乏占46.67%,骨关节肌肉痛占51.33%,性欲下降占33.33%,阴道干燥、性交痛占22.67%,抑郁占27.33%.[结论]更年期妇女的主要相关症状依次为骨关节肌肉痛、疲乏、失眠、心烦易激动、性欲下降.     

妇女围绝经期综合征发生率及相关因素的调查

[目的]了解妇女围绝经期综合征发生率及相关因素,为制定干预措施提供依据。[方法]对自愿接受调查的围绝经期妇女256人进行问卷调查,资料由Epilnfo 5.0和SPSS软件包处理。[结果]256名围绝经期妇女中,已绝经者35.6%,未绝经者64.5%,有围绝经期症状者65.6%;围绝经期综合征的发生与年龄、文化程度有关(P<0.05)。更年期症状改良Kupperman评分13项症状中发生频率较高的依次为:失眠36.3%、易激动29.8%、心悸25.0%、头痛22.0%、性生活质量下降17.9%。围绝经期妇女性生活质量与是否有更年期症状、绝经时间长短和更年期症状程度相关。回归方程:Y=-1.777-0.847绝经时间 2.278症状评分,与更年期症状程度呈正相关,与绝经时间呈负相关。[结论]围绝经期综合症的不同症候群的发生及其程度与女性的年龄和文化程度相关。     

深港两地围绝经期妇女健康状况调查

目的:了解深港两地妇女围绝经期综合征的患病情况及其相关因素。方法:在深圳市罗湖区、香港各随机整群抽取一个社区,采用统一的调查问卷,对40～60岁围绝经期妇女进行调查。结果:在418例被调查者中,出现围绝经期综合征者225例,发生率为53.83%,其中以骨关节痛、失眠、烦躁易怒、潮热出汗、容易疲劳或乏力、性欲下降等症状表现较为突出;血管舒缩症状、骨质疏松症状深圳妇女高于香港妇女(P<0.01),而精神神经症状香港妇女高于深圳妇女(P<0.01);随着绝经的来临和年龄增长,围绝经期症状的发生率呈增高趋势(P<0.01)。结论:围绝经期妇女的健康问题不容忽视,应加强围绝经期妇女的保健工作,缓解症状,改善生活质量。     

更年期常见问题（中）——绝经期前后

绝经期前后是指50岁左右的女性．接近绝经及绝经后一年左右。这个阶段除了月经的改变．常伴随更年期症状。典型症状有：潮热、盗汗、心悸、抑郁、多疑、易怒、健忘、失眠、眩晕等。     

昆明市围绝经期妇女健康状况及影响因素分析

目的了解昆明市围绝经期妇女健康状况及影响因素,为规范化管理诊疗更年期综合征提供理论依据。方法采取随机整群抽样的方法选取40~60岁妇女300例,平均年龄50.5岁。采用我院妇科更年期1日门诊统一制定的绝经健康问卷调查,问卷内容包括个人及家庭一般情况,改良后的Kupperman症状评分表。结果自然绝经181例,占60.33%,平均绝经年龄49.7岁。根据Kupperman评分表调查更年期症状,90%(270/300)的调查对象有1项以上的症状,13种症状中,更年期综合征的发生率波动于11.13%~61.33%,发生率较高的前5项症状为失眠61.33%(184/300),骨关节痛59.67%(179/300),易激动56.67%(170/300),疲乏55.33%(166/300),潮热汗出49.67%(149/300)。结论昆明市围绝经期妇女更年期相关保健知识欠缺,更年期综合征的发生可能与慢性疾病、婚姻情况等有相关性。     

盐城市盐都区322名围绝经妇女症状和保健行为调查

目的了解围绝经妇女有关绝经前后症状及影响因素,为围绝经妇女健康水平的提高提供参考依据。方法用随机抽样的方法,以问卷形式调查盐城市盐都区322名40~60岁妇女。结果平均绝经年龄为(47.14±4.07)岁,出现围绝经症状者217例,发生率为67.39%,其中较重度的如睡眠障碍占11.49%,心悸、记忆力下降、抑郁等占19.57%。65.84%的妇女知道有关的围绝经保健知识,在有症状的妇女中,仅有39.44%的人去医院就医;采用雌激素替代疗法后围绝经期妇女有关绝经前后症状明显减轻。结论围绝经期妇女临床症状发生率为67.39%,主要有月经紊乱、潮热出汗、烦躁等。     

更年期综合征的饮食原则

更年期又称为绝经期,是指女性由中年进入老年的过渡期,包括绝经前期、绝经期和绝经后期。中国妇女平均绝经年龄为49±3．7岁。更年期是指女性45—60岁这个年龄段。这段时期,由于精神心理、神经内分泌和代谢的变化,会引起各器官系统出现一些综合症候群,也叫更年期综合征。症状包括潮红、出汗、头痛等血管舒缩症状;因骨量丢失出现的腰酸背痛、小腿抽搐等。     

更年期综合征及其调治

更年期是妇女正常的生理过程，是妇女走向衰老的象征。更年期是指妇女卵巢功能开始衰退，性激素分泌减少，月经紊乱，直到月经终止，性激素分泌完全消失的时期。这一时期的起止时间因人而异，一般在45～55岁，持续8～12年左右，包括绝经前期，绝经期和绝经后期三个阶段。在这个时期内，发生一些令人烦恼的症状，如潮热、潮红、出汗、心慌、疲劳，注意办不集中，抑郁、紧张、情绪不稳、脾气急躁、失眠、健忘、多疑、肢体感觉障碍、头晕、耳鸣和骨节疼痛等，严重影响正常的工作和生活，这就叫做更年期综合症，也叫绝经期症候群。     

无锡市40～65岁妇女围绝经期症状与保健需求分析

目的:了解无锡市城区妇女围绝经期症状发生情况。方法:对2010年3～8月在无锡市妇幼保健院更年期门诊及体检中心普查的40～65岁妇女,进行问卷调查和现场测量,建立数据库,应用SAS 9.1.3软件进行分析。结果:1 650例妇女完成调查,其中有效问卷1 607例,平均年龄(47.93±5.97)岁,绝经年龄为(49.51±3.97)岁。13项症状中,各项症状患病率从9.72%～37.57%不等。出现频率最高前3位症状依次为性生活改变(37.57%)、疲乏(29.74%)、失眠(27.56%),各项症状中重度者占11.62%。绝经前后妇女的体重、腰围、臀围、收缩压、舒张压和BMI存在统计学差异。围绝经期保健需求与知识普及之间存在矛盾,围绝经期健康教育知识普及欠缺。结论:大多数妇女在围绝经期存在围绝经期症状,但以轻度为主;加强围绝经期健康教育普及,是围绝经期保健的重要举措之一。     

青岛市围绝经期妇女健康状况调查

目的:了解青岛市围绝经期妇女健康状况,为制订相应的保健措施提供依据。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法,选取青岛市城郊1 600名35~59岁女性作为调查对象,进行围绝经期相关健康状况的流行病学调查。结果:妇女平均绝经年龄为(49.70±3.35)岁,84%绝经前发生月经紊乱。常见的围绝经期症状为情绪波动、潮热出汗、性生活异常、失眠、疲乏,发生率分别为36.75%、34.94%、33.19%、32.38%、31.25%,症状的发生率有年龄差异,且随年龄的增长呈增加趋势。绝经的低骨量发生率为61.70%(29/47),明显高于未绝经的9.90%(10/101)。体重指数(BMI)随年龄而增加,45~59岁BMI均数>24;慢性疾病发生率也随年龄而增加。55~59岁潮热发生率高达64.26%。年龄大、生活压力大、文化水平高、吸烟、绝经、患有慢性疾病等是影响症状的主要因素。性激素周期序贯法治疗围绝经期综合征,Kupperman评分和抑郁自评量表评分明显降低。结论:积极开展健康教育,加强自我保健,规范应用性激素,是提高围绝经期妇女生活质量的重要措施。     

Natural history of menopause symptoms in primary care patients: a MetroNet study

BACKGROUND: The association between changes in menopausal status and menopause-related symptom reporting over the course of the menopause transition is not well understood, especially whether there are any racial differences in this association. OBJECTIVE: To determine (1) the prevalence and the natural history of menopause symptoms among primary care patients approaching, or at menopause; (2) the relationship between self-reported symptoms and menopausal status; and (3) whether this relationship varies in African American and white women. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional self-report survey of 342 women aged 40 to 55 years (31.6% African American) were recruited from 8 family practice centers in 2000 and 2001. RESULTS: Among 251 women without surgical menopause, 133 (53.0%) were premenopausal, 72 (28.7%) were peri-menopausal, and 46 (18.3%) were postmenopausal. The most commonly reported symptoms were joint/muscle pain and headache, which did not vary by menopausal status. As many as 28.6% of the women with regular menstruation reported hot flashes, and 18.8% had night sweats; although both symptoms were strongly associated with changes in menopausal status (P < .01). During the natural menopausal transition, white women had increasing trends of nervousness, memory loss, vaginal dryness, loss of sexual interest, hot flashes, and night sweats while African American women only had increasing trend of painful sex and hot flashes. In multivariate analyses, loss of sexual interest was associated with postmenopause status in white but not in African American women. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms are not uncommon among premenopausal women and become more prevalent as the transition through menopause occurs. The prevalence of vasomotor symptoms in premenopausal women may be an under-recognized aspect of the natural history of the menopause transition. African American and white women may present different symptoms through menopause transition.     

北京市大兴区部分成年妇女对铁强化酱油的知晓与购买情况调查

[目的]了解北京市大兴区居民对铁强化酱油的知晓率及产品购买情况。[方法]2005年12月至2006年1月,在大兴区抽取部分成年妇女进行调查。[结果]调查成年妇女600人,见过铁强化酱油的占27．33％,这一比例,知识女性为26．75％,拦截调查的普通妇女为28．50％（P〉0．05）;购买过铁强化酱油的占11.00％,这一比例,知识女性为10．00％,普通妇女为13．00％（P〉0．05）。[结论]大兴区成年女性对铁强化酱油的知晓率和购买率均较低。     

Vasomotor symptoms are not associated with reduced bone mass in postmenopausal women: the Rancho Bernardo Study

The association of menopause-related vasomotor symptoms with later bone mineral density (BMD) at axial and appendicular sites was examined in community-dwelling older women. Subjects were 894 postmenopausal women from the Rancho Bernardo Study who had BMD measured in 1988-1991 and responded to a 1989 mailed survey that included questions about menopause symptoms. Mean age was 73 years (SE +/- 9.5, range 47-97), and mean age at menopause was 47 years (SD +/- 6.8, range 21-62). Vasomotor symptoms were recalled by two thirds (68%) and night sweats by 36% of all women, with no significant differences in symptom frequency by age or type of menopause. Postmenopausal estrogen (PME) had been used by 644 women (72%) for an average duration of 12.3 (+/-11) years. Among women who reported current estrogen use with a duration >3 years, those who experienced vasomotor symptoms had significantly higher BMD at the lumbar spine (p = 0.01), femoral neck (p = 0.05) and midshaft radius (p = 0.05) compared with women who did not experience symptoms. Vasomotor symptoms were not associated with BMD among past or never PME users or among women who reported current PME use for 3 or fewer years. Analyses stratified by age, type of menopause, or when PME use began showed similar results. Women who reported night sweats also had no difference in BMD compared with women without night sweats. In conclusion, vasomotor symptoms are not a marker for low BMD years after menopause in women with access to healthcare. Vasomotor symptoms significantly increased the likelihood of continued use of PME, which was in turn associated with higher BMD levels.     

兰州市行政机关工作人员肥胖及体育锻炼的状况

目的通过体重状况了解兰州市市政机关工作人员体质健康的现状,为合理地制定行政机关的工作与休息提供科学依据。方法采用文献研究法、调查法、测量法、数据统计法进行分析。结果兰州市352名年龄在20～39岁的市政机关工作人员中,体重超过标准体重的108人,占30．68％。其中男性70人,占19．89％;女性38人,占10．80％。373名年龄在40～59岁的市政机关工作人员中,体重超过标准体重的为223人,占59．70％。其中男性138人,占37．00％;女性85人,占22．79％。结论从身体健康状况来看,总体上女性健康状况优于男性。男性健康存在的主要问题是肥胖,占超重总人数的62．84％。     

PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN PERIMENOPAUSAL AND POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN: AN INTERNET PILOT STUDY

Women experience somatic, mood, energy, and libido changes during menopause. Testosterone replacement therapy is being prescribed in conjunction with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for these symptoms. Little is known about women’s perceptions of the benefits and risks of testosterone, so an Internet survey was conducted to elicit women’s perceptions of the effects on mood, energy, sexuality, and somatic symptoms. A sample of 61 women primarily from the United States and Canada participated in the survey; one woman from Germany and one from Sweden also took part in the survey. Participants reported significantly improved sexuality and improved mood and vigor, with a decline in fatigue. Of the 7 somatic complaints assessed, improvements were noted in 5 (sleep disturbances, hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and appetite). A prospective clinical trial is needed to confirm these results.     

2012年湛江市某城市社区中老年女性慢性疾病患病情况调查

[目的]了解城市社区中老年女性慢性病患病情况,为健康教育和制定健康干预措施提供科学依据。[方法]2012年7月,在湛江市城区的海头社区抽取137名40岁以上中老年女性进行调查。[结果]调查137名中老年女性,高血压患病率为27．74％,糖尿病患病率为5．11％,跟骨骨质疏松检出率为53．29％,高脂血症检出率为29．93％,超重肥胖率为43．07％。检出2种及以上慢性病的占调查人数的67．15％。[结论]海头社区中老年女性慢性病罹患率较高。     

Climacteric complaints in the community

BACKGROUND: At the onset of the climacteric, healthy middle-aged women present with a variety of complaints, especially in general practice. In these first years of entering the menopause, vaginal blood loss alters from irregular periods to complete amenorrhoea. According to these different menstrual patterns, we can distinguish a pre-, peri- and postmenopausal phase. It could be useful to know whether specific climacteric complaints are related to these different phases. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between climacteric complaints and the menstrual pattern during the menopausal transition in a population-based cross-sectional survey of healthy middle-aged women. METHODS: All women aged 47-54 years, living in the city of Eindhoven, were invited to participate in the Eindhoven Osteoporosis Study (EPOS); 6648 (78%) agreed to participate. All women completed a questionnaire concerning climacteric complaints. Climacteric status was defined by menstrual history. Odds ratios (ORs) were obtained for the relationship between climacteric status and climacteric complaints. Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out, with climacteric status as the dependent variable. RESULTS: Of the 27 items in the questionnaire concerning climacteric complaints, seven were significantly different between all three climacteric phases (P: < 0.1). After multiple logistic regression analysis, comparing peri- and premenopause, only flushing (OR 5.9) was significantly different. Between post- and perimenopause, seven symptoms appeared to be different: three urogenital complaints [vaginal dryness (OR 1.6), vaginal discharge (OR 0.4) and pain during intercourse (OR 1.9)], three vasomotor symptoms [daytime sweating (OR 1.4), night-time sweating (OR 0.7) and flushing (OR 1.9)] and, finally, insomnia (OR 1.3). When comparing post- and premenopause, flushing (OR 13.4), insomnia (OR 2.1) and depressed mood (OR 0.6) were significantly different, in addition to three urogenital symptoms: vaginal dryness (OR 2.6), vaginal discharge (OR 0.3) and pain during intercourse (OR 2.1). CONCLUSION: The major findings of the study are that flushing is strongly associated with the transition from pre- to perimenopause, while urogenital complaints, daytime sweating and insomnia are more prominent in the transition from peri- to postmenopause.     

Perceived effects of testosterone replacement therapy in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: an internet pilot study

Women experience somatic, mood, energy, and libido changes during menopause. Testosterone replacement therapy is being prescribed in conjunction with estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) for these symptoms. Little is known about women's perceptions of the benefits and risks of testosterone, so an Internet survey was conducted to elicit women's perceptions of the effects on mood, energy, sexuality, and somatic symptoms. A sample of 61 women primarily from the United States and Canada participated in the survey; one woman from Germany and one from Sweden also took part in the survey. Participants reported significantly improved sexuality and improved mood and vigor, with a decline in fatigue. Of the 7 somatic complaints assessed, improvements were noted in 5 (sleep disturbances, hot flashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, and appetite). A prospective clinical trial is needed to confirm these results.     

2005～2007年郴州市自愿接受艾滋病咨询者资料分析

[目的]了解艾滋病自愿咨询检测门诊接受艾滋病自愿咨询检测（VCT）人群有关情况及艾滋病病毒（HIV）检测状况,以便为求询者提供有针对性的措施。[方法]对2005-2007年到郴州市疾病预防控制中心VCT门诊寻求服务的求询者基本信息及HIV抗体检测资料进行分析。[结果]2005-2007年合计1 299人接受咨询检测服务,2005-2007年分别为280人、490人、529人,其中接受咨询检测的1 272人,只咨询未检测的27人。在检测的1 272人中,HIV抗体阳性97例,阳性率为7.63%。HIV抗体阳性率,男性为8.79%,女性为6.07%（P〉0.05）;4个月至14岁为1.82%,15-24岁为2.89%,25-34岁为9.88%,35-44岁为8.97%,45-82岁为13.51%（P〈0.01）;静脉吸毒者为11.20%,异性性接触者为5.79%,HIV感染者配偶/性伴为34.00%,其他人员为2.13%（P〈0.01）。[结论]VCT门诊求询者中15-44岁占89.92%,自愿检测者HIV阳性率较高,占同期发现HIV阳性总数的47.79%。