双心室再同步治疗难治性心力衰竭

目的观察双心室再同步治疗对药物难治性心力衰竭的临床疗效。方法扩张型心肌病10例,心功能Ⅳ级,合并完全性左束支阻滞,QRS正常时限超过130ms,左心室舒张末内径超过55mm,左心室射血分数小于0．35,置入三腔双心室同步起搏器治疗,观察术后临床症状及超声心电图指标变化。结果术后患者心功能改善1～2级,心电图QRS时限明显缩短,心胸比例、二尖瓣反流面积、左心室舒张末内径和左心房舒张末内径明显减小,左心室射血分数和左心室短轴缩短率明显增加（P〈0．05）。结论双心室再同步治疗可明显改善伴室内传导阻滞的难治性心力衰竭患者的心脏收缩功能。     

束支传导阻滞对急性心肌梗死PCI术后患者预后的影响

目的探讨束支传导阻滞对急性心肌梗死（AMI）急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PC I）术后患者心功能、恶性心律失常发生率、病死率的影响。方法将AMI并行PCI术的患者分为AM I合并左束支传导阻滞组、AMI合并右束支传导阻滞组、单纯AMI组,术后3个月观察各组心功能、恶性心律失常发生率、病死率。结果与单纯AMI组比较,AMI合并束支传导阻滞组心功能障碍、恶性心律失常发生率、病死率明显升高（P均〈0.05）。AMI合并左束支传导阻滞组心功能障碍、恶性心律失常发生率及病死率较AM I合并右束支传导阻滞组明显升高（P均〈0.05）。结论 AMI患者PCI术后伴发左束支传导阻滞提示临床病情凶险,预后不良,可作为病情恶化的一个预测指标。     

完全性左束支传导阻滞733例临床分析

目的探讨完全性左束支传导阻滞（CLBBB）合并冠心病患者的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2008年1月733例CLBBB住院患者资料,对比合并冠心病和不合并冠心病患者的临床特点,通过回归分析找出CLBBB患者中与冠心病相关的独立预测因素。结果733例左束支传导阻滞患者中合并高血压、冠心病和扩张型心肌病者分别占49.4%、44.1%和26.5%。合并心脏扩大或心功能不全者58%,合并其他心律失常者19.9%。多元回归分析结果：性别（P〈0.01,B=1.991,95%CI：1.375～2.882）、年龄≥65岁（P〈0.01,B=2.793,95%CI：1.948～4.005）、高血压（P=0.022,B=1.522,95%CI：1.062～1.640）、糖尿病（P〈0.001,B=2.459,95%CI：1.540～3.926）、高血脂（P=0.803,B=1.057,95%CI：0.682～2.180）与冠心病发生正相关,而扩张型心肌病（P〈0.001,B=0.072,95%CI：0.045～0.127）、心脏瓣膜病（P=0.027,B=0.253,95%CI：0.075～0.853）、房颤或房扑（P=0.024,B=0.564,95%CI：0.343～0.927）、其他传导阻滞（P〈0.001,B=0.418,95%CI：0.263～0.665）与冠心病发生呈负相关。结论CLBBB患者中年龄≥65岁、男性、高血压、糖尿病患者容易合并冠心病;而扩张型心肌病、房颤或房扑、合并其他类型传导阻滞、心脏扩大或心功能不全在未合并冠心病的CLBBB患者中更常见。     

完全性左束支传导阻滞的冠心病患者中合并心功能不全的相关危险因素分析

目的探讨完全性左束支传导阻滞的冠心病患者中合并心功能不全的相关危险因素分析。方法 2016年6月2020年3月因疑诊或确诊冠心病连续就诊于上海市胸科医院心内科,行选择性冠状动脉造影术及心电图诊断完全性左束支传导阻滞患者147例,最终入选冠心病(冠状动脉狭窄≥50%)且心电图诊断完全性左束支传导阻滞患者80例。根据是否发生心功能不全分成两组,同时进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析合并心功能不全的相关因素。结果 (1) 2组间高血压、陈旧性心肌梗死和冠状动脉多支病变比例差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05),且冠状动脉狭窄程度高于无心功能不全组(P=0.014);心率、脑钠肽、肌酐水平差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。住院期间用药、服用β受体阻滞剂、钙通道阻滞剂、利尿剂和螺内酯比例明显高于无心功能不全组(P均<0.05)。住院期间合并心功能不全组发生主要不良心血管事件高于无心功能不全组(P=0.017)。(2)合并心功能不全组左室收缩末期内径、左室舒张末期内径、左室舒张末期容积和E/E’峰比值高于无合并心功能不全组(P均<0.05)。合并心功能不全组左室短...     

完全性左束支阻滞81例临床分析

目的分析完全性左束支阻滞(CLBBB)病例的临床特点。方法回顾性分析81例完全性左束支阻滞患者的病因、动态心电图、超声心动图、冠状动脉造影结果。结果60岁以上男性43例,占53%。病因以冠心病、高血压、心功能不全多见。本组冠脉造影的28例完全性左束支阻滞患者中确诊为冠心病者16例,占57.14%。超声心动图结果:55%患者心房、心室增大或心房心室同时增大。左室射血分数(LVEF)<50%者22例,占33.8%。动态心电图检查可见左束支阻滞常合并各种类型心律失常。结论完全性左束支阻滞常发生在老年男性患者,常见于器质性心脏病,尤其是冠心病、高血压、扩张型心肌病。完全性左束支阻滞可导致不良的心脏血流动力学效应,导致左心室功能受损。     

窦性心律伴完全性左束支传导阻滞的扩张型心肌病患者心脏再同步治疗后的长期随访

目的:评价窦性心律（窦律）伴完全性左束支传导阻滞（CLBBB）的扩张型心肌病（DCM）患者接受心脏再同步治疗（CRT）的远期效果。方法:连续入组2013年1月至2016年12月在中国医学科学院阜外医院单中心诊断为DCM且同时具有窦律伴CLBBB、QRS时限≥150 ms、心功能Ⅱ~Ⅲ级（NYHA分级）、左心室射血分数（...     

超声声学定量检测心肌梗死患者左心功能及其与左心室重构的关系

目的：探讨54例冠心病亚急性及陈旧性心肌梗死患者左心室重构对其心功能及心律失常的影响。方法：用超声声学定量技术检测54例患者的心功能并根据患者有无左心室腔增大分为左心室重构组（34例）及非左心室重构组（20例）,同时设正常对照组（30例）,用24小时动态心电图观察其中45例患者心律失常发生情况。结果：冠心病亚急性及陈旧性心肌梗死患者发生左心室重构时,其左心室收缩功能与舒张功能明显低下,而冠心病亚急性及陈旧性心肌梗死患者未发生左心室重构时,仅表现为左心室舒张功能低下。比较两组患者心律失常发生情况,发现左心室重构组心律失常发生率明显高于非左心室重构组,尤其以室性心律失常及传导阻滞发生率为高。结论：左心室重构对心肌梗死患者左心功能及心律失常的发生有一定影响。     

双心室再同步治疗难治性心力衰竭的临床观察

观察双心室再同步治疗对药物难治性心力衰竭的临床疗效。选取扩张型心肌病患者6例,心功能IV级,合并完全性左束支传导阻滞,QRS时限>130 ms,左室舒张末内径>55 mm,射血分数<0.35,置入三腔双心室同步起搏器治疗。结果:术后患者心功能改善1~2级,心电图QRS时限明显缩短,心胸比例、二尖瓣返流面积、左室舒张末内径和左房舒张末内径明显减小,左室射血分数和左室短轴缩短率明显增加,(P<0.05或0.01)。结论:双心室再同步治疗可明显改善伴室内传导阻滞的难治性心力衰竭患者的心功能。     

经永存左上腔静脉植入心脏再同步化起搏复律除颤器一例

男,47岁。因“活动后胸闷、气短2月”入院。超声心动图：左心室（左室）扩大,舒张末期内径86 mm,左室后壁、侧壁中下段及左室心尖部肌小梁增多,呈网格状分布。室间隔及左室游离壁弥漫性运动减低,左室射血分数0.21。心电图：窦性心律,完全性左束支传导阻滞,QRS波时限0.16 s。动态心电图：多源性室性早搏,非持续性室性心动过速。核素心血池显像：①左室扩大,整体收缩功能重度受损,舒张功能中度受损;②右心室形态大小及整体收缩功能未见明显异常;③左右心室间运动同步性均明显减低。入院诊断：扩张型心肌病,左室心肌致密化不全,完全性左束支传导阻滞,心功能II~III级（NYHA）。患者符合心脏再同步化治疗指征,入院后经纠正心力衰竭治疗后行心脏再同步化起搏复律除颤器（CRTD）植入术。     

QRS波时限延长在冠心病心衰中的意义

目的探讨心电图QRS波时限延长在冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者中的临床意义。方法入选330例冠心病慢性心力衰竭患者,根据心电图QRS波时限分为≥120ms组和120ms组,分析两组患者QRS波时限与NYHA心功能分级、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左室短轴缩短分数(LVFS)、左心房及左心室大小、左室壁厚度、二尖瓣返流、室内传导阻滞和住院死亡率间的关系。结果①QRS波时限120ms组LVEF、LVES、LAD、LVEDd均大于QRS时限120ms组;②两组间心功能分级、住院死亡率、室壁厚度、束支阻滞及房室阻滞发生率等无显著差异。结论心电图QRS波时限对判断冠心病并发慢性心力衰竭患者病情具有一定临床意义。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.