循环系统疾病

20040173冠状动脉腔内心电图与核素心肌显像识别存活心肌的对照研究/马依彤…//中华心律失常学杂志一2003,7(4)一218、221 42例心肌梗死患者(梗死后2周一3个月),采用经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)支架术前静脉滴注小剂量多巴酚丁胺(3#g·k岁·min’)时合用舌下含服硝酸一甘油(0 .smg)卿.T二MIB工心肌显像,与术后3周静息9,“Tc一M工BI心肌显像的对照观察多巴酚一丁胺与硝酸醋合用预测存活心肌的准确度及安全性。所有患者于PTCA支架术中同步记录IC一ECG及体表心电图,观察、测算J点后40 ms处sT段改变。根据IC一ECG的ST段改变将患者…     

硝酸甘油介入99 mTc-MIBI心肌断层显像对存活心肌的评价

为评价硝酸甘油（NTG）介入99m锝-甲氧基异丁基异脯（99mTc－MIBI）心肌显像估测存活心肌的价值，对24例心肌梗死病人不同日行两种方案的99mTc－MIBI心肌显像：一种在静息状态进行，另一种在舌下含服NTG0．6mg后进行。8例经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术（PTCA）的病人术后2～4周随访了99mTc－MIBI静息显像。结果显示，99mTc－MIBI静息显像有118个心肌节段摄取正常，98个摄取异常（16个节段摄取减低，82个摄取严重减低），在98个摄取异常的节段中，NTG介入99mTc－MIBI显像有39个（39．80％）节段摄取增加。8例行PTCA的病人，NTG介入99mTC－MIBI显像证实为可逆性缺损的心肌节没有84．21％在PTCA后心肌灌注改善（存活心肌），而为NTG介入99mTc－MIBI显像证实为不可逆性缺损的心肌节段有88．24％在PTCA后心肌灌注无改善。NTG介入99mTc－MIBI显像预测存活心肌的准确性为86．11％。表明，NTG介入99mTc－MIBI心肌显像可提高缺血但存活心肌的检出率。     

药物负荷试验核素心肌断层显像识别存活心肌

目的探讨药物多巴酚丁胺、硝酸异山梨酯负荷试验核素锝[^99mTc]甲氧异丁异腈（technetium [^99mTc] methoxy isobutyl isonitrile,^99mTc-MIBI）心肌断层显像识别存活心肌的价值。方法对48例陈旧性心肌梗死伴左心室收缩功能受损患者进行静息心肌^99mTc-MIBI心肌断层显像和多巴酚丁胺、硝酸异山梨酯负荷试验^99mTc-MIBI心肌断层显像,用半定量的方法将^99mTc-MIBI摄取进行评分,区分存活心肌和非存活心肌。结果^99mTc-MIBI显像判定,经皮冠状动脉介入术前存活心肌节段有279个．非存活心肌节段235个;经多巴酚丁胺加硝酸异山梨酯负荷后,心肌显像改善：轻度稀疏节段9个、中度稀疏节段24个、严重稀疏或缺损节段10个,共计43个节段显像改善,评分减少1分以上,存活心肌节段313个,非存活心肌节段201个。两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。经皮冠状动脉介入术后6个月,随访多巴酚丁胺加硝酸异山梨酯负荷后,心肌显像改善的32个节段发现,静息^99mTc-MIBI显像改善,另有8个受损节段正常化。多巴酚丁胺加硝酸异山梨酯负荷后心肌显像无变化的389个节段在经皮冠状动脉介入术后346个节段无变化。多巴酚丁胺加硝酸异山梨酯负荷心肌显像检测存活心肌的阳性预测值93％,阴性预测值89％。结论多巴酚丁胺加硝酸异山梨酯负荷后心肌显像对存活心肌的识别能够提高存活心肌的检出率。其阳性预测值和阴性预测值较好。     

硝酸甘油介入心肌断层显像在心肌存活评价的临床应用

本应用静息、硝酸甘油介入^99mTc—MIBI心肌血流灌注断层显像方法对20例不稳定型心毁痛患（其中8例有陈旧性心梗病史)PTCA术前术后进行自身对比分析，结果显示：20例患160个心肌节段中、静息显像异常积分为196(1分33个节段，2分20个节段，3分为41节段)，硝酸甘油介入显像及PTCA术后静息显像异常积分均较术前静息显像明显减少且两积分接近，分别为104和97分。术前患耆射血分数为44．5±12.6%，术后为56．4±16．3％，增加26．8%，结果提示核素心肌硝酸甘油介入心肌断层显像简便无创，客观准确，为心绞痛患PTCA术前选择适应症及术后评价疗效提供了有力手段。     

硝酸甘油介入~(99m)Tc-甲氧基异丁基异腈心肌灌注断层显像评估存活心肌

目的　评估静息及硝酸甘油介入99mTc 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (99mTc MIBI)心肌灌注断层显像在存活心肌检测中的应用价值。方法　对心肌梗死 2 0例于血管重建术前分别行静态及硝酸甘油介入显像 ,血管重建术后 1个月重复静息心肌显像并进行对比分析。结果　 2 0例共有 1 4 4个异常灌注的心肌节段 ,硝酸甘油介入后有 72个心肌节段灌注改善 ,血管重建术后有 77个心肌节段灌注改善。硝酸甘油介入改善的 72个节段术后有 62个节段改善 ;而术前无改善的 72个节段术后只有 1 5个节段改善 ,硝酸甘油介入99mTc MIBI心肌灌注显像对存活心肌预测的阳性预测值为 86 .1 % ,阴性预测值为 79.2 % ,预测准确率为 82 .6%。结论　硝酸甘油介入99mTc MIBI心肌灌注断层显像是可供临床检测心肌存活的安全、有价值的方法     

小剂量多巴酚丁胺超声心动图与硝酸甘油介入~(99m)Tc-MIBI的心肌灌注显像估测存活心肌

目的　探讨小剂量多巴酚丁胺超声心动图 (LDDE)与含服硝酸甘油 (NTG)介入99mTc 甲氧基异丁基异睛 (MIBI)的心肌灌注显像在心肌存活估测中的价值。方法　对 17例心肌梗死患者分别行静息 NTG介入99mTc MIBI和小剂量多巴酚丁胺超声心动图的检查 ,经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术或冠状动脉旁路移植术后一个月重复基础超声心动检查 ,并进行对比分析。结果　 17例患者于基础超声心动检查 ,共有 94个心肌节段运动异常 ,在其中 5 0个低动力心肌节段中 ,两种方法一致性节段 2 9个 (5 8% ,P >0 .0 5 ) ;在 44个无动力心肌节段中两种方法一致性节段 16个 (36 % ,P<0 .0 5 )。两种方法对低动力心肌节段功能恢复的预测差异无显著性意义 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;而对无动力心肌节段 ,LDDE较NTG介入 99m　Tc MIBI心肌灌注显像有较高的特异性 (90 .9%vs 6 4.7% ,P <0 .0 5 )和较低的敏感性 (6 3.6 %vs88.9% ,P <0 .0 5 )。对整个运动障碍节段功能恢复的预测 ,LDDE较NTG介入99mTc MIBI心肌灌注显像有较高的特异性 (87.2 %vs 6 8.2 % ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　两种方法对低动力心肌节段的预测有良好的一致性 ,LDDE对整个运动障碍节段功能恢复的预测有较高的特异性。     

存活心肌的识别与乏氧心肌显像的研究进展

冠心病 (CHD)心肌梗死和严重心肌缺血后在病变区还有没有功能可逆的存活心肌直接关系到血运重建治疗或再灌注后心室功能障碍能否改善及其治疗方法的有效性。临床识别和评价存活心肌的基础是缺血 ,但存活心肌共有的特点即 :收缩功能障碍 ,心肌血流灌注减低 (冬眠心肌 )或不低 (顿抑心肌 ) ,心肌细胞代谢存在 ,细胞膜完整性存在 ,具有潜在的收缩储备 对正性肌力药物有收缩增强反应。基于这些特点 ,主要方法有 :核素心肌显像包括1 8F标记 (fluoro deoxyglucose ,FDG)的PET显像 ,2 0 1 Tl和99mTc MIBI的SPECT显像。小剂量多巴酚丁胺单…     

双核素心肌灌注显像对存活心肌判断

目的 :观察二硝酸异山梨醇酯 (isoket)介入后铊 2 0 1(2 0 1TI)和99mTc 甲氧基异丁基异腈 (MIBI)双核素心肌断层显像检测梗死后存活心肌的敏感性及两种核素间显像结果的一致性。方法 :将 4 0例陈旧性心肌梗死(OMI)患者 ,分为A(12例 )、B(16例 )及C(12例 )三组 ,A、B组分别进行isoket介入后2 0 1TI和99mTc MIBI单核素显像 ,C组进行isoket介入后2 0 1TI及99mTc MIBI双核素心肌显像。结果 :A组摄取2 0 1TI后出现不同程度的灌注异常节段共 6 5个 ,平均得分为 9.7± 1.2。B组摄取99mTc MIBI后出现不同程度的灌注异常节段共 87个 ,平均得分 10 .8± 1.6。C组以不同核素能窗双核素显像后结果2 0 1TI心肌显像检出灌注异常节段共 4 2个 ,平均得分 5 .8± 0 .6 ;99mTc MIBI心肌显像检出灌注异常节段共 4 8个 ,平均得分 6 .1± 0 .8。A组与B及C组两种结果比较 ,均P >0 .0 5。结论 :两种核素对梗死后心肌存活力的评估一致性良好 ;双核素心肌断层显像对梗死后心肌存活力的评估与单核素心肌断层显像是一致的 ,两种显像的结合可提高诊断的准确性     

硝酸甘油介入心肌断层显像在心肌存活评价的临床应用

本文应用静息、硝酸甘油介入~(99m)Tc—MIBI心肌血流灌注断层显像方法对20例不稳定型心绞痛患者(其中8例有陈旧性心梗病史)PTCA术前术后进行自身对比分析。结果显示:20例患者160个心肌节段中、静息显像异常积分为196(1分33个节段,2分20个节段,3分为41节段):硝酸甘油介入显像及PTCA术后静息显像异常积分均较术前静息显像明显减少且两者积分接近,分别为104和97分,术前患者射血分数为44.5±12.6％,术后为56.4±16.3％,增加26.8％.结果提示核素心肌硝酸甘油介入心肌断层显像简便无创,客观准确,为心绞痛患者PTCA术前选择适应症及术后评价疗效提供了有力手段。     

^99mTc—MIBI心肌灌注断层显像对老年冠心病的诊断价值

采用~(99m)Tc—MIBI心肌灌注断层显像方法检测冠心病心绞痛和心肌梗塞患者74例,并与ECG进行对比分析。结果表明,~(99m)Tc—MIBI心肌灌注断层显像对缺血性心脏病检出率(90.5％)高于ECG(73.0％)。运动和静息心肌灌注断层显像对比结果证明,运动试验可提高检出率和特异性,并发现3例反向分布,说明核素心肌灌注断层显像安全无创伤、检出率高,更适合老年冠心病患者检查。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.