血清胃蛋白酶原与CA724联合检测在胃癌鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)和糖类抗原CA724联合检测作为肿瘤标志物用于胃癌鉴别诊断的可行性.方法 选取经纤维胃镜及病理组织学诊断为胃癌的患者195例,慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)患者175例,正常健康体检者210例.采用免疫分析法检测胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(PG Ⅰ)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PGⅡ)并计胃蛋白酶原比值PGR(PG Ⅰ/PGⅡ),采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测糖化抗原CA724.结果 胃癌组PG Ⅰ与PGR水平明显低于正常对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P =0.000);PGⅡ的含量变化不大,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P =0.490).CAG组PG Ⅰ与PGR水平明显低于正常对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P =0.003);PGⅡ的含量变化不大,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.407).胃癌组与CAG组PG Ⅰ与PGR比较差异无统计学意义(P =0.400).胃癌组的CA724水平明显高于CAG组与正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);而CAG组与正常对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P =0.388).对胃癌诊断的敏感性PC (71.79％)高于CA724(41.28％),特异性CA724 (92.2％)高于PG(66.23％),二者联合检测敏感性为82.67％,特异性为73.59％,同时阴性时82.78％排除胃癌诊断.结论 血清胃蛋白酶原和CA724联合检测二者同时阴性时可以82.78％排除胃癌诊断,可以作为胃癌鉴别诊断的标志物.     

胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ和胃蛋白酶Ⅱ在胃癌筛查中的诊断价值

目的 探讨在进行胃癌筛查过程中,分析胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ (PGⅠ)以及胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PGⅡ)的诊断应用价值.方法 选择2012年5月至2014年5月胃癌患者15例,萎缩性胃炎患者20例,胃溃疡患者23例,浅表性胃炎患者25例以及健康体检人员80例.利用胶乳增强免疫透射比浊法分别测定实验人员的PG Ⅰ与PGⅡ含量,最终得出PGR.结果 PGⅠ:胃癌37.13±18.59ng/mL;萎缩性胃炎39.27±16.29ng/mL;胃溃疡180.42±61.27ng/mL;浅表性胃炎128.12±14.65ng/mL;健康体检人员120.19±16.96ng/mL;同健康对照组进行比较,胃癌组以及萎缩性胃炎组患者低于其明显(P ＜0.05);PGⅡ:胃癌20.67±9.59ng/mL;萎缩性胃炎患者16.35±16.89ng/mL;胃溃疡患者22.95±13.46ng/mL;浅表性胃炎8.05±4.04ng/mL;健康体检人员11.85±9.65 ng/mL;每组之间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在PG Ⅰ与PGⅡ阳性检出率方面,胃癌组与萎缩性胃炎组明显高于其他组(P＜0.05).结论 对体检人员的PG Ⅰ与PGⅡ进行测定,对于胃癌疾病以及萎缩性胃炎疾病的筛查以及诊断能够提供充分依据,表现出显著价值.     

FICE内镜、胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ水平检测对胃癌及萎缩性胃炎的诊断价值

目的 探讨智能分光比色内镜(Fuji intelligent chromo endoscope,FICE)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(pepsinogen Ⅰ,PGⅠ)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(pepsinogenⅡ,PGⅡ)对胃癌及萎缩性胃炎的诊断价值.方法 随机选取2013年10月至2014年9月于我院进行治疗的160例胃癌(gastric carcinoma,GC)患者及200例萎缩性胃炎(chronic atrophic gastritis,CAG)患者.采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测以上患者及100例正常人的PG Ⅰ、PGⅡ水平及PGR(PG Ⅰ/PGⅡratio)变化.将360例患者随机分为两组,白光内镜组及FICE内镜组,分别180例.所有患者再次进行胃镜检查,白光内镜组不染色而仅肉眼观测常规取活检;FICE内镜组在FICE内镜下染色后在可疑病灶处取活检.结果 与正常人比较,GC、CAG患者的PG Ⅰ及PGR水平显著降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01),PGⅡ水平比较差异不具有统计学意义(P ＞0.05);GC组和CAG组PG异常检出比例显著高于健康组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);FICE内镜组阳性检出率(93.3％)显著高于白光内镜组(61.7％),两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 FICE内镜较白光内镜检出率更高,FICE内镜联合胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ水平检测可进一步提高胃癌及萎缩性胃炎的检出率,有助于早期筛查及预防,具有非常重要的临床价值.     

胃蛋白酶原在萎缩性胃炎筛查中的临床应用价值评估

目的 评价血清胃蛋白酶原(pepsinogen,PG)用于萎缩性胃炎(atrophic gastritis,AG)筛查的临床价值,确定适合我国人群的最佳筛选临界值和筛查方案.方法 人选因消化道症状到我院消化门诊及病房就诊并行胃镜检查的患者,根据内镜检查和胃黏膜组织学检查结果对受试者进行分组,以病理结果为判断AG金标准,采用受试者工作曲线(receiver operator characteristic curve,ROC曲线)比较PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ比值、CEA、CA72-4、CA19-9和CA242用于AG筛查中的价值.结果 共人选受试者323例,分为正常对照组(148例)、慢性非萎缩性胃炎组(53例)、萎缩性胃炎组(95例,分为轻度萎缩48例、中度萎缩34例和重度萎缩12例)、胃溃疡组(17例)及胃癌组(10例).因胃癌组病例数少,未对该组进行统计学分析,慢性非萎缩性胃炎组、萎缩性胃炎组及胃溃疡组与正常对照组间年龄、性别、血清CA72-4、CA242、CA19-9及CEA的差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).PG Ⅰ及PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ比值在萎缩性胃炎组显著低于正常对照组和慢性非萎缩性胃炎组(P＜0.05).随胃粘膜萎缩严重程度的增加PGⅠ及PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ比值逐渐降低,但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.057和P=0.200).PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ比值和PG Ⅰ对AG具有较好的筛选价值,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.871和0.725,大于目前常用的指标CA72-4、CA242、CEA和CA19-9的AUC,差异具统计学意义(P＜0.05).PGⅠ/PG Ⅱ比值和PG Ⅰ筛选AG的最佳临界值分别为＜5.72和＜58.6ng/mL,此时筛选的灵敏度和特异性分别为:PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值为91.4％和65.1％,PG Ⅰ为81％和52.8％.综合考虑,推荐采用PGⅠ/PG Ⅱ比值＜5.72作为判断标准筛选AG,灵敏度可达到91.4％,特异性为65.1％.结论 血清PG Ⅰ及PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ比值可用于临床筛选AG患者,不仅有助于早期识别胃癌高风险个体,还能减少不必要的侵人性检查对患者带来的伤害.与传统的胃部肿瘤标志物相比,血清PG Ⅰ及PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ比值在筛选AG上具有更高的灵敏度和特异性.     

血清PG和MG7-Ag联合检测在胃癌诊断中的应用研究

目的探讨血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)及其亚群(PGI、PGI/PGⅡ)和胃癌相关抗原(MG7-Ag)的联合检测对胃癌的诊断价值及预后判断的意义。方法采用增强免疫比浊法检测PG及ELISA法检测MG7-Ag在各受试者血清中的含量。结果胃癌组的血清PGI、PGI/PGⅡ(PGR)含量明显低于各对照组(P<0.01);萎缩性胃炎组血清PGI、PGR含量明显低于健康对照组、胃溃疡组及浅表性胃炎组(P<0.05);胃溃疡组和浅表性胃炎组的血清PGI含量明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。胃癌组血清MG7-Ag含量明显高于各对照组(P<0.01);萎缩性胃炎组血清MG7-Ag含量明显高于健康对照组、胃溃疡组及浅表性胃炎组(P<0.05)。联合检测阳性率最高为90%。胃癌患者术后PGI含量很低,MG7-Ag含量也明显降低(P<0.01),但当胃癌复发后PGI及MG7-Ag含量均明显升高(P<0.05)。结论血清MG7-Ag和PG的含量变化有助于胃癌的诊断、判断胃癌的复发及转移。     

不同胃黏膜病变患者的血清胃蛋白酶原变化

目的：探讨胃溃疡、十二指肠球部溃疡、非萎缩性胃炎、萎缩性胃炎、胃癌患者胃蛋白酶原(pepsinogen,PG)Ⅰ、PGⅡ水平和PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值变化。方法：选择2015年1月至2015年10月因消化道症状行胃镜检查的门诊及住院患者共133例,根据胃镜检查及组织病理学结果,将受检者分为5组。非萎缩性胃炎组42例、萎缩性胃炎组33例、胃溃疡组20例、十二指肠球部溃疡组23例、胃癌组15例、比较各组血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平。结果：与非萎缩性胃炎组相比,胃溃疡、十二指肠球部溃疡患者PGI明显升高(P<0.05),胃溃疡PGII明显升高(P<0.05),萎缩性胃炎组、胃癌组血清PGⅠ及PGⅠ/PGⅡ水平降低(P<0.05)。结论：血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平以及PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值对提高消化性溃疡、胃癌前病变及胃癌的诊断有重要的临床价值。     

胃蛋白酶原与胃泌素-17在胃癌前病变筛查中的价值

目的 探讨血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ、Ⅱ（PGⅠ、Ⅱ）与胃泌素-17（G-17）在胃癌前病变中的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月~10月我院收治的消化道患者98例,根据胃镜检查及病理结果分为胃溃疡组32例、萎缩性胃炎组21例、肠上皮化生组25例、低级别上皮内瘤变组20例,另选取同期我院检查的健康体检者30名作为对照组。应用ELISA法检测比较五组血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、胃蛋白酶原比值PGR,（PGI/PGⅡ）、G-17水平。结果 与对照组比较,胃溃疡组PGⅠ、PGⅡ、G-17升高[（131.83±24.62）μg/L vs（95.29±23.47）μg/L]、[（15.31±6.65）μg/L vs（10.93±2.35）μg/L]、[（15.34±4.22）pmol/L vs（9.31±2.48）pmol/L],萎缩性胃炎组、肠上皮化生组、低级别上皮内瘤变组PGⅠ、PGR降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 血清PGⅠ、PGR、G-17可作为胃癌及其癌前病变筛查的指标。     

血清中PGⅠ、PGⅡ及G-17检测在胃癌早期诊断中的应用

目的 研究血清中胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ（PGⅠ）、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ（PGⅡ）及胃泌素-17（G-17）检测在胃癌早期诊断中的应用价值。方法 选择2017年1月~2019年1月本院收治的胃病患者98例,其中胃癌患者48例设为观察A组,萎缩性胃炎患者50例设为观察B组,另选取同期体检健康者50例设为对照组,分别行PGⅠ、PGⅡ及G-17检测,并以胃镜或手术结果为对照,分析PGⅠ、PGR（PGⅠ/PGⅡ）及G-17单项及联合诊断结果。结果 PGⅠ、PGR及G-17联合诊断的准确度高于单项检测,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;联合诊断敏感性高于PGR、G-17单项检测,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;对照组、观察B组、观察A组PGⅠ、PGR依次下降,PGⅡ依次升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察A组G-17高于观察B组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 血清中PGⅠ、PGⅡ及G-17单项检测在胃癌早期诊断中均具有一定价值,但联合检测可进一步提高诊断准确性,应用价值更高。     

血清胃蛋白酶原PGⅠ和PGⅡ在胃炎、胃癌及其他疾病中的诊断价值

探讨血清胃蛋白酶原PGⅠ和PGⅡ在胃炎、胃癌及其他疾病中的诊断价值。用化学发光微粒子免疫分析法测定267例患者和90名健康体检者血清PGⅠ及PGⅡ的表达变化,并计算PGI/PGⅡ。267例患者分组情况：胃癌39例,其中包括术前未用药21例和术前用药（抗酸药）18例;胃炎88例;妇科肿瘤27例;肺癌24例;结直肠癌31例;糖尿病30例;心血管疾病28例。结果显示,胃癌术前未用药组与对照组相比,血清PGⅠ和PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值显著降低（P〈0.01）;胃癌术前用药组与对照组相比,血清PGⅠ和PGⅡ显著升高（P〈0.01）;胃癌术前未用药组与其他肿瘤组相比,血清PGⅠ和PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值显著降低;胃癌术前未用药组与其他疾病组相比,血清PGⅠ和PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值显著降低。以上结果表明,血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ含量及PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值的变化可以做为临床诊断胃癌的特异性指标。     

血清胃蛋白酶原与胃泌素检测对消化性溃疡病的诊断价值

目的:探讨胃、十二指肠溃疡患者血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)、胃泌素(GS)水平变化规律及临床意义。 方法:采用免疫放射分析测定了100例正常人,61例十二指肠球部溃疡,46例胃溃疡患者,66例胃癌和101例 慢性胃炎患者血清胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ(PGⅠ)、胃蛋白酶原Ⅱ(PGⅡ)、GS含量及PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值变化。结果:十二 指肠溃疡组和胃溃疡组PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ较对照组显著增高(P<0.001),GS水平较对照组、慢性胃炎 组明显增高(P<0.001),但明显低于胃癌组(P<0.001),十二指肠球部溃疡组PGⅠ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ水平较胃溃 疡组明显增高(P<0.001)。结论:过高的PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ、GS水平增高是溃疡病的高危因素之一,作 为一项血清学指标,对溃疡病的诊断及疗效观察有重要的临床意义。     

Problems with the interpretation of gastric pH measurement

Summary The present study examines some of the assumptions underlying the use of intragastric pH-metry for assessing the degree of therapeutic gastric inhibition. Three separate studies were performed to determine the relationship between pH and titratable hydrogen ion concentration in gastric juice and to assess the relationship between the concentration of acid and the rate of gastric secretion. The concentration of acid derived from pH measurements tended to be lower than the titrated hydrogen ion concentration. The difference between the two readings — the buffered hydrogen ion concentration — was increased by the presence of food and was reduced during gastric secretory inhibition with ranitidine. The titrated hydrogen ion concentration reflected more accurately the amount of hydrochloric acid added to a container in vitro than pH measurement. However, in vivo even the measurement of titratable acidity was poorly correlated with the volume of secreted gastric juice so that measurement of gastric acid concentration does not permit inferences about the rate of gastric secretion. The results of the present study indicate that measurement of intragastric pH is unsatisfactory for assessing gastric secretion, particularly in response to a food stimulus, so that measurement of gastric acidity alone does not reflect the rate, or changes in the rate, of gastric acid secretion.     

Anatomical study of retrosternal gastric esophagoplasties

Summary Five currently used procedures of gastric esophagoplasty were done in 5 groups of 14 embalmed human cadavers. These procedures were: whole gastric intrathoracic transposition (Kirschner's procedure) isoperistaltic gastric cone (Akiyama's procedure) isoperistaltic gastric tube (Rutkowski's or Lortat-Jacob's procedure); isoperistaltic gastric tube with resection of the lesser curvature; anisoperistaltic gastric tube with intrahilar splenectomy (Gavriliu's, Heimlich's procedure). Gastric morphometry and ascinding vascularization ability and quality of the vascular network were assessed. Injection of plastic dye was used to evaluate the vascularization of the grafts. In 13 out of 14 grafts, whole gastric transposition extended above the sternal notch, for a mean distance of 7.7±4.9 cm. This basic performance was significantly correlated to the dimensions of the greater and lesser curvatures and to the cardioxiphoid, sternal and hyosternal distances. Absent or poor injection of the distal arterial network, over a mean distance of 3.6±0.8 cm, was seen in all 14 grafts. Study of the isoperistaltic gastric cone demonstrated that the graft extended above the sternal notch in all 14 cases. The mean distance of the graft segment above the sternal notch was 5.0±3.0 cm. This basic performance showed a significant correlation only with the dimensions of the greater and lesser curvatures. Absent or poor injection of the distal arterial network of the gastric cones was seen in 9/14 cases, the mean length of the devascularized segment being 1.3±1.3 cm. Subsequent to resection of the distal zone showing poor vascularization, 13 out of the 14 isoperistaltic cones still extended above the sternal notch. The mean length of the segment above the sternal notch was 3.7±2.6 cm. All 14 isoperistaltic gastric tubes (without resection of the lesser curvature) extended above the sternal notch. The mean length of the segment above the notch was 15.1±7.1 cm. This basic performance showed a statistically significant correlation only with the minimum pylorodiaphragmatic distance subsequent to extensive Kocher's manoeuver. Of these 14 gastric tubes, 9 showed poor or no vascularization of their distal arterial network. The mean length of the poorly injected segment was 8.0±1.8 cm. Subsequent to resection of the poorly vascularized territory, 12/14 grafts were still found to extend above the sternal notch. The mean length of the segment above the sternal notch was 7.1±6.9 cm. Evaluation of the isoperistaltic gastric tube with resection of the lesser curvature demonstrated that the graft extended above the sternal notch in 13 out of 14 cases, the mean length of the segment above the notch measuring 10.6±6.0 cm. This basic performance did not significantly correlate with any of the morphometric parameters assessed in this study. Of these 14 gastric tubes, 10 presented no or poor injection of their distal arterial network. The mean length of the poorly vascularized segment was 3.1±3.9 cm. After resection of the poorly injected territory, 13/14 plasties still extended above the sternal notch for a mean distance of 6.7±6.2 cm. Of the 14 anisoperistaltic gastric tubes, 13 were seen to extend above the sternal notch. The mean length of the segment above the notch was 10.9±6.7 cm. This basic performance was significantly correlated only with the length of the greater curvature. Only 2 of these 14 gastric tubes showed no or poor injection of their distal arterial network. The length of the poorly vascularized segment measured 2 cm in one case and 3 cm in the other. After resection of the poorly injected territory 13/14 tubes still extended above the sternal notch for a mean distance of 10.5±6.9 cm. No significant difference regarding ascensional or vascular performance was observed when the different vascular patterns of the greater gastric curvature were compared to one another. Extrinsic obstruction to vascular injection was not seen in any of the 70 plasties studied. On the basis of our results the five types of esophagoplasty can be ranked regarding overall anatomical performance in the following descending order: 1) anisoperistaltic gastric tube with intrahilar splenectomy 2) isoperistaltic gastric tube 3) isoperistaltic gastric tube with resection of the lesser curvature 4) whole gastric intrathoracic transposition 5) isoperistaltic gastric cone. However, a statistically significant difference in overall anatomical performance was found only when the anisoperistaltic gastric tube was compared to the isoperistaltic gastric cone.

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Etude anatomique des sophagoplasties gastriques rétro-sternales

Résumé La morphométrie, la vascularisation de l'estomac, les performances ascensionnelles brutes de la plastie, la qualité de la vascularisation artérielle et veineuse du haut greffon, le reste du greffon bien vascularisé au cou ont été mesurés dans cinq groupes de 14 cadavres opérés selon l'une des cinq méthodes couramment utilisées d'sophagoplastie gastrique rétrosternale, par injection in situ et dans le sens physiologique des artères et veines du greffon au plastique. La plastic par estomac entier est montée 13 fois sur 14 au-dessus de la clavicule de 7,7±4,9 cm; cette ascension brute était corrélée significativement à l'importance de la grande et de la petite courbure gastrique et aux mesures reflétant la longueur du trajet à parcourir: cardio-xiphoïdienne, sternale, hyo-sternale. Quatorze sur 14 de ces plasties étaient artériellement dévascularisées à leur extrémité de 3,6±0,8 cm. Une sur 14 présentait en outre un obstacle au retour veineux sur 3 cm. Après résection du territoire dévascularisé, 13/14 plasties parvenaient à 4,1±5 cm au-dessus de la clavicule. La plastic par cône isopéristaltique est montée dans 14 cas sur 14 au niveau de la clavicule ou au-dessus, la dépassant de 5±3 cm. Ses performances brutes n'étaient plus corrélées qu'aux dimensions propres de l'estomac (petite et grande courbures). Neuf cas sur 14 présentaient 1,3±1,3 cm de territoire artériellement dévascularisé; aucun ne présentait d'obstacle au retour veineux, de sorte qu'après résection des territoires dévascularisé, 13/14 montaient à 3,7±2,6 cm au-dessus de la clavicule. Le tube isopéristaltique sans résection de la petite courbure est monté dans tous les cas au cou à 15,1±7,1 cm, ne corrélant cette ascension qu'à la pyloro-diaphragmatique, soit à la possibilité de mobiliser le pylore mais tous les cas ont dû être amputés de 8±1,8 cm de territoire artériellement dévascularisé, en outre mal drainé dans deux cas. Après cette résection, 12 tubes sur 14 dépassaient la clavicule de 7,1±6,9 cm. Treize tubes isopéristaltiques avec résection de la petite courbure sur 14 dépassaient la clavicule de 10,6±6 cm, ne corrélant plus leur performance à aucun paramètre morphométrique choisi. Dix cas sur 14 présentaient une dévascularisation artérielle de 3,1±3,9 cm, et mixte artérielle et veineuse dans deux cas, ce qui laissait 6,7±6,2 cm utilisables après résection. Treize tubes anisopéristaltiques sur 14 dépassaient la clavicule de 10,9±6,7 cm, ne corrélant leur performance ascensionnelle qu'à la grande courbure. Deux tubes seulement étaient dévascularisés sur 2 et 3 cm, l'un d'entre eux étant aussi mal drainé sur 3 cm, ce qui laissait 10,5±6,9 cm utilisables après résection. Aucune différence de vascularisation significative selon le type d'arcade vasculaire de la grande courbure n'a pu être mise en évidence. Aucun obstacle à l'injection n'a été rencontré dans le trajet de la plastie: Au total, par ordre de performances anatomo-technique décroissant, les cinq plasties se classent dans l'ordre suivant: tube anisopéristaltique, tube isopéristaltique, tube isopéristaltique, estomac entier, cône isopéristaltique, mais la signification des différences de performance n'a pu être mise en évidence qu'entre le premier et les deux derniers greffons.

     

大黄防治实验性胃粘膜损伤机理分析

本工作通过观察测定胃酸分泌,胃排空运动和胃壁粘液分泌的变化,初步探讨了中药大黄水浸煎剂对乙醇和消炎痛造成胃粘膜损伤的防治机理。结果表明:中药大黄可抑制胃排空速度,促进胃壁粘液分泌,并能预防乙醇和消炎痛造成的胃粘膜损伤,治疗乙醇造成的胃粘膜损伤。提示:中药大黄防治胃粘膜损伤机理与抑制胃酸分泌、抑制胃排空和促进胃壁粘液分泌有关。     

硝普钠对大鼠应激性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用

采用浸水束缚应激法建立大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型，观察一氧化氮供体硝普钠对大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用。结果表明，硝普钠可以明显减轻浸水应激引起的胃粘膜损伤，抑制胃运动亢进，同时增加胃粘膜血流量以及血浆和胃粘膜中NO和SOD含量，降低MDA和ET含量。提示硝普钠对浸水应激性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用可能是通过增加胃粘膜血流量和抑制胃运动亢进共同实现的。     

The application of morphometry in gastric cytological diagnosis

Summary The applicability of morphometry in the cytological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the stomach was tested. Useful morphometric variables were extracted from 41 cases with known histology, and applied to 33 other cases: in all these cases the histological diagnosis were successfully predicted. Morphometry was applied an additional 39 cases selected for difficulties in cytodiagnosis. In the group of cases with suspicious cytology in particular, refinement of cytodiagnosis was achieved by the application of morphometry.     

Identification of Campylobacter pylori by endoscopic brush cytology

To investigate the value of Papanicolaou-stained endoscopic brush samples in the diagnosis of Campylobacter pylori infection of the upper gastrointestinal tract, 138 brush and biopsy samples from the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, taken concomitantly, were reviewed retrospectively. In 35 cases, Campylobacter-like organisms (CLOs) were found in both cytology and biopsy samples. In 15 cases, CLOs were seen in biopsy material only, and in 8 cases, CLOs were found in cytology material only. CLOs were found in 49% of the gastric specimens and 33% of the Barrett's esophagus specimens by histologic or cytologic examination or by both methods. CLOs were found by at least one method in 64% of the gastric samples with active gastritis 40% with borderline gastritis, 15% without gastritis, and in 64% with adenocarcinoma. Cytologic examination of endoscopic brush samples is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of gastric Campylobacter infections and can be performed easily in cytopathology laboratories.     

Effect of deprivation duration and prefeeding on gastric stress erosions in the rat

To assess the potentiating effects of food deprivation on gastric stress erosions, rats were food deprived for 9, 18, 48 or 144 hr and then subjected to cold-restraint. Comparison of each of these groups with a stressed, but nondeprived control group, revealed no significant differences in gastric erosions. It was suggested that many of the control animals, though not deprived, may not have had full stomachs during the stress and this may have masked the true potentiating effects of deprivation. In a second experiment, rats were divided into two groups and deprived, respectively, for 18 and 48 hr. These groups were subdivided and for 1 hr preceding stress, half were given food. This prefeeding significantly reduced glandular erosion scores, and there was a significant inverse relationship within the prefed groups between the amount of weight gained over the prefeeding hour and the subsequent erosion level. It was concluded that the potentiation of stress erosions by food deprivation occurs by virtue of the empty stomach associated with the deprivation rather than other concomitant changes. With respect to ruminal effects, nonstressed groups deprived for 48 and 144 hr allowed the conclusion that prolonged deprivation (144 hr) produces minor glandular effects but extensive damage to the rumen.     

A study of the effects of meal temperature on gastric function

Pre-ruminant calves with gastric (abomasal) and duodenal cannulae were used to assess the effect of test meals of different temperatures on gastric emptying and secretion. Cross-over experiments with saline gastric meals and water duodenal infusate at 4°, 20° and 40° C were carried out. The temperature of the duodenal infusate had no effect of gastric function. Variation in the temperature of the meal resulted in a significant enhancement of gastric emptying at 4° compared with 40°C. Shivering always occurred when 4°C meals were instilled into the stomach and intermittently with 20°C meals, irrespective of the duodenal temperature.When the heat energy needed to restore the combined meal and infusate temperature to 40°C was evaluated against abomasal function, significant positive correlations were obtained for emptying (P<0.001), acid secretion (P<0.05) and pepsinogen output (P<0.01).It can be concluded that gastric emptying and secretion is stimulated to some degree by cold meals. The onset of shivering following the introduction of cold fluid into the stomach indicates that gastric thermoreceptors are concerned in the whole gamut of thermoregulatory control which probably includes enhancement of gastric function.