表浅肌肉腱膜皮瓣联合硬腭黏膜移植修复全层眼睑缺损

目的探讨利用眼周表浅肌肉腱膜系统（SMAS）皮瓣联合硬腭黏膜移植修复中、重度全层眼睑缺损的临床疗效。方法对26例（26只眼）大于或等于眼睑全长1／2的全层眼睑缺损患者,采用硬腭黏膜移植替代眼睑后层,即睑板和睑结膜层;利用眼周血供丰富的SMAS皮瓣修复眼睑前层,即皮肤肌肉层。其中5例采用眼轮匝肌蒂皮瓣,5例为颞浅动脉皮瓣,7例为眉上皮瓣,9例为上睑皮肤轮匝肌双蒂瓣。手术操作中首先行硬腭黏膜移植,然后根据眼睑前层缺损的部位和范围设计眼周的SMAS转位皮瓣,术毕行睑缘缝合3个月。结果全部患者随访6～36个月,平均11个月。转位皮瓣全部成活,硬腭黏膜植片成活好,无收缩,眼睑外观及功能改善较满意。结论眼周SMAS皮瓣联合硬腭黏膜移植可一次性修复缺损的眼睑全层,效果肯定。     

自体硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣修复全层眼睑缺损

目的：评价眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后采用自体硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣进行眼睑再造的临床效果。 方法：患者10例10眼行眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后重度眼睑缺损,采用硬腭黏膜移植替代眼睑后层,即睑板和睑结膜层,利用眶周皮瓣修复眼睑前层。 结果：术后随访6~12mo,眼睑外观及功能基本恢复正常。硬腭黏膜移植片及转移皮瓣全部成活,无感染、移位、挛缩。 结论：自体硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣转移修复全层眼睑缺损,效果肯定。     

硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周表浅肌肉腱膜系统皮瓣重建全层眼睑缺损

目的:探讨利用自体游离硬腭黏膜植片替代后睑组织联合眶周表浅肌肉腱膜系统(SMAS)皮瓣转移修复缺损的前层眼睑皮肤,重建因肿瘤术后或外伤所致的全层眼睑缺损的临床疗效。方法:对16例≥眼睑全长1/2中重度全层眼睑缺损患者,全部用口腔硬腭黏膜植片替代睑板和结膜,再造后层眼睑;用眶周血供丰富的表浅肌肉腱膜系统(SMAS)皮瓣转移覆盖于硬腭黏膜上,替代缺损的眼睑皮肤肌肉层再造前层眼睑,其中10例采用眼轮匝肌单蒂皮瓣,3例为颞浅动脉皮瓣,2例为上睑皮肤轮匝肌双蒂皮瓣,1例为眉上皮瓣。手术操作中首先行硬腭黏膜移植,然后根据眼睑前层缺损的部位和范围设计眶周的SMAS转移皮瓣,手术完毕行睑缘缝合3～6mo后切开。结果:全部患者随访>12mo,硬腭黏膜植片及其转移皮瓣全部成活,无移位、感染和坏死等不良反应,无收缩,眼睑外观及功能改善满意。结论:硬腭黏膜联合SMAS皮瓣转移修复重建眼睑全层缺损,可以一次性修复眼睑缺损的皮肤、睑板、结膜,疗效肯定,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后中重度眼睑缺损的Ⅰ期修复

目的:探讨眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后中重度眼睑缺损I期修复的手术方法和疗效。方法:2010-01/2011-10对11例11眼患者行眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后,利用硬腭黏膜移植联合眼周皮瓣或游离皮瓣修复眼睑全层缺损行眼睑再造术。其中男3例,女8例,年龄38～77岁,眼睑全部缺损4例,1/2～2/3眼睑缺损7例。眼睑基底细胞癌6例,睑板腺癌4例,眼睑鳞状细胞癌1例。结果:术后眼睑外观及功能恢复满意,随诊6～24mo无1例肿瘤复发。结论:硬腭黏膜移植联合眼周皮瓣或游离皮瓣修复眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后中重度眼睑全层缺损,在眼睑外形和功能上可获得满意的效果,疗效肯定,具有较高的临床价值。     

硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣转移重建眼睑的眼表功能

目的 评价硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣转移治疗因机械伤、眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后眼睑全层缺损的疗效.设计回顾性病例系列.研究对象 13例(13眼)因机械伤或眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后眼睑全层缺损患者.方法 对13例患者行自体硬腭黏膜移植联合眶周皮瓣转移术.记录手术前、后患者的睑裂长度、睑裂高度、睑闭合不全的程度,泪膜破裂时间,Schirmer Ⅰ试验和角膜荧光素染色积分,术后半年睑缘切开时取移植的硬腭黏膜进行组织学检查.随访8个月以上.主要指标手术效果、泪膜破裂时间、Schirmer Ⅰ试验和角膜荧光素染色积分、移植后硬腭黏膜的组织学结构.结果 11眼达到眼表功能优秀的治疗效果,2眼良好,手术前后患者的眼表功能无明显变化.自体硬腭黏膜移植眼睑后可与残留睑板结膜良好愈合,未见有植人物感染现象.手术半年后硬腭黏膜上皮与结膜上皮结构类似,黏膜上皮内出现杯状样细胞.结论 硬腭黏膜片移植联合眶周皮瓣转移是眼睑重建的良好方法,手术不影响患者的眼表功能.受眼局部微环境的影响,硬腭黏膜可能逐渐向结膜形态发生转变.     

眼睑肿瘤手术切除与Ⅰ期修复的疗效观察

目的：探讨采用眼睑肿瘤局部切除术+病理检查或术中冰冻切片检查,同时Ⅰ期行眼睑修复手术的临床效果。

方法：对眼睑肿瘤患者92例92眼均行局部切除+Ⅰ期行眼睑修复手术+常规病理检查(37例疑似恶性肿瘤术中行快速冰冻切片检查,如为恶性行按Mohs法切除),并同时Ⅰ期采用自体游离硬腭黏膜移植或Hughes法修复联合眼周皮瓣重建眼睑。

结果：术后病理诊断为良性肿瘤52例,恶性肿瘤40例。全部病例皮瓣及硬腭黏膜植片等全部成活。随访均6mo以上,无1例肿瘤复发。眼睑外观和活动闭合功能满意,获得良好效果。

结论：本组病例中近一半的眼睑肿瘤病例为恶性,故更应及早手术治疗。对疑似恶性的应在术中行冰冻切片明确性质,以利于Ⅰ期切除干净,减少复发、转移。切除后根据眼睑缺损情况行Ⅰ期行修复手术,缺损较大的内层采用硬腭黏膜移植或Hughes法修复,外层皮瓣采用眼周皮瓣滑行、游离皮瓣 、风筝皮瓣、单纯对位缝合等修复。硬腭黏膜移植在上睑修复时应慎重。     

眼睑恶性肿瘤切除中度眼睑缺损的即期整复

目的 探讨眼睑恶性肿瘤切除后所致大面积眼睑缺损的手术整复方法和技巧.方法 在局部麻醉或全身麻醉下,手术切除上下睑病变组织,后层缺损采取结膜睑板瓣修补或硬腭、异体巩膜移植替代睑板;前层采用全厚皮片游离移植或带蒂皮瓣滑行转位修补睑皮肤缺损,进行眼睑缺损的一期修复.结果 临床治疗患者9例,术后均获得一期愈合;效果满意.结论 恶性眼睑肿瘤所致的大面积眼睑缺损,在切除肿瘤的同时立即行眼睑缺损的一期整复,效果确实、疗效满意.     

前臂皮瓣联合硬腭粘膜移植修复眼睑缺损的临床观察

目的　观察应用前臂皮瓣和游离的硬腭粘膜移植修复眼睑缺损的疗效。方法　用口腔硬腭粘膜移植片代替睑板和结膜 ,前臂皮瓣覆盖在硬腭粘膜上 ,再造眼睑。结果　术后经过长期随访 ,成活率为 10 0 % ,效果满意。结论　前臂皮瓣由于血管的吻合 ,有足够的血液供应。硬腭粘膜植片的外形、厚度、硬度与睑板相似 ,有良好的支撑作用 ,并有柔软的粘膜表面 ,术后皱缩小 ,取材方便 ,成活率高 ,前臂皮瓣联合游离硬腭粘膜移植是眼睑再造的理想材料     

眼部烧伤眼睑全层缺损修复术成功的影响因素

目的探讨影响游离皮瓣联合异体巩膜、羊膜移植修复眼睑缺损成功的因素。方法选择2000年2月-2007年10月西安市眼科医院收治的41例（41眼）的眼烧伤眼睑全层缺损者。其中热烧伤15例,碱烧伤20例,酸烧伤6例。烧伤后3～24个月,行大腿内侧游离皮瓣联合同种异体巩膜及羊膜移植术。其中5例联合行睑球粘连分离及板层角膜移植术。术后随访6—36个月。结果眼睑再造术41例中有35例眼睑重建成功,移植片成活,其中5例在6～12个月出现瘢痕收缩,使眼睑部分闭合不全。6例术后2周出现皮瓣愈合不良、脱落、溶解。结论自体游离皮瓣联合同种异体巩膜、羊膜移植修复眼烧伤所致的眼睑全层缺损,是临床治疗烧伤眼睑缺损的有效方法。手术时机的选择、烧伤程度的评估、手术方法的改善是决定手术成功的重要因素。     

深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植修复眼睑缺损的临床观察

目的 评价深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植修复,因眼睑肿物切除造成的眼睑缺损的临床效果.方法 采用深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植眼睑再造术修复眼睑缺损21例(21只眼).结果 术后随访3～80月,平均46.9月.本组病例共治愈10只眼,好转11只眼,1例(1只眼)因首次手术时切缘未净再次行扩大切除时未更换移植片导致植片脱落.结论 深低温保存异体睑板睑结膜移植修复眼睑缺损,简便易行,保存方便,术后并发症少,临床效果满意.异体睑板睑结膜是理想的眼睑缺损修复的材料.     

风筝皮瓣修复眼睑前层及中面部皮肤缺损

目的 评价风筝皮瓣修复合并或不合并中面部皮肤缺损的眼睑前层缺损的疗效.方法 自2008年1月至2010年3月,以面部皮下组织为蒂,设计"风筝"皮瓣,联合或不联合硬腭黏膜移植,修复合并或不合并中面部皮肤缺损的眼睑缺损共10例.眼睑前层或和中面部皮肤缺损面积为(1.2～6.5)cm2、(0.7～4.0)cm2.其中下眼睑中央水平方向4/5、垂直方向完全全层缺损合并颧颊部皮肤缺损1例,下睑内侧水平方向1/2、垂直方向完全全层缺损、下泪小点下泪小管缺损合并中面部皮肤缺损1例,下睑水平及垂直方向均完全全层缺损合并下泪小点及下泪小管缺损1例,上下睑水平方向完全、垂直方向1/3全层缺损合并上下泪小点泪小管缺损1例,下睑中央水平方向4/5、垂直方向完全全层缺损合并颧颊部皮肤缺损1例,全上眼睑前层及颞部皮肤缺损1例,下睑内侧水平方向1/3、垂直方向1/5前层缺损1例,上下睑中央水平方向2/3、上睑垂直方向1/3,下睑垂直方向2/3全层缺损1例,上下睑内侧1/3前层及内呲内侧皮肤缺损合并上下泪小点缺损1例,外眦外侧前层及颞部皮肤缺损1例.结果 皮瓣均无张力修复缺损,皮瓣及硬腭黏膜均全部成活,眼睑外形、功能完全恢复.结论 风筝皮瓣是修复眼睑缺损及面部皮肤缺损的良好方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effect of rehabilitating the anterior 1amella of eyelids and midfacial skin defects with kite flap.Methods From January 2008 to March 2010,with or without combination of a hard palate mucosal grafts,the kite flap on a subcutaneous pedicle have been used to repair defect in the anterior lamella of eyelids and midfacial skin in 10 patients.The area of the defect in the anterior lamella of eyelids and midfacial skin ranged from(1.2～6.5)×(0.8～4)cm.Among them,defects span central 4/5 in horizontal direction and complete in vertical direction in full-thickness lower eyelid and partes zygomatica skin in 2 patient,medial 1/2 in horizontal direction and complete in vertical direction and puncta and canaliculus in full-thickness lower eyelid and midface skin in 1 patient,complete lower eyelid and inferior puncta and canaliculus in 1 patient,complete in horizontal direction and 1/3 in vertical direction and puncta and canaliculus both in full-thickness upper and lower eyelids in 1 patient,complete anterior layer of upper eyelid and temples skin in 1 patient,medial 1/3 in horizontal direction and 1/5 in vertical direction in the anterior lamella of lower eyelid in 1 patient,central 2/3 in horizontal direction and 1/3 in vertical direction in full-thickness upper eyelid,and central 2/3 in horizontal direction and 2/3 in vertical direction in full-thickness lower eyelid in 1 patient,medial 1/3 of anterior lamella and puncta and canaliculus both in upper and lower eyelid and inside skin of medial canthus in 1 patient,outside skin of outer canthus and temples skin in 1 patient.Results All flaps and hard palate mucosal grafts were survived.All defects were repaired without tention.The cosmetic appearance and function of eyelids rehabilitated.Conclusions The kite flap provides a competitive method for repairing the anterior lamella of eyelids and facial skin defects.     

Extensive full-thickness eyelid reconstruction with rotation flaps through “subcutaneous tunnel” and palatal mucosal grafts

AIM: To reconstruct the extensive full-thickness defects of eyelids is a challenge for the plastic surgeon because of their complex anatomy and special functions. This article presents and discusses an improved surgical technique in which the orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap is rotated through a “subcutaneous tunnel” in conjunction with a palatal mucosal graft employed for lining.METHODS: Data from 22 eyes with extensive full-thickness eyelid defects from various causes between 2009 and 2013 were analyzed in this study. After the different layers of eyelid were separated completely, a temporally based orbicularis oculi myocutaneous flap was designed following fishtail lines and was mobilized, leaving the base of the pedicle intact with a submuscular tissue attachment. The flap was then rotated through a “subcutaneous tunnel” to the defect, and the donor site was closed primarily. Posterior lamellar reconstruction was performed with a mucosal graft harvested from the hard palate.RESULTS:All the flaps were survived without any healing problems. There was no corneal irritation, flap contraction, or significant donor-site morbidity in the follow-up period. The incision scars were almost invisible. The defects were repaired completely, and the evaluations showed satisfactory function and appearance.CONCLUSION: This technique is an improved single-stage operation and can be applied to repair large, full-thickness eyelid defects from various causes. With our method, the functional and aesthetic results can be obtained in either the upper or lower eyelids.     

异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损的疗效

目的：探讨异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损的临床效果。

方法：回顾性分析2017-06/2020-06于我院行异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗的中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损患者103例103眼。术后随访1～6mo,观察异体巩膜吸收融合状态、皮瓣成活状态、眼睑形态、眼睑开合功能、眼睑瘢痕等情况,评估手术疗效。

结果：术后随访期间,异体巩膜逐渐被受体组织代替,所有患者眼睑内层异体巩膜均为结膜细胞覆盖,眼睑外层异体巩膜与皮肤黏连紧密,无明显排异反应,皮瓣成活良好,眼睑形态良好,闭合自然,瘢痕不明显。

结论：异体巩膜移植联合任意皮瓣成形术治疗中重度眼睑深层和全层缺损疗效确切,能够达到外观与功能兼具,临床疗效显著。     

Free tarsal graft combined with skin transposition flap for full-thickness lower eyelid reconstruction

We present the surgical outcome in a series of 4 patients with large full-thickness eyelid defects after basal cell carcinoma excision. The patients underwent reconstructive eyelid surgery using autogenous free tarsal grafts combined with a skin transposition flap from the upper eyelid. Two female and 2 male patients ranging in age from 44 years to 85 years were treated. In all 4 cases, posterior lamellae were reconstructed using a free tarsal graft, and the outer lamella was developed with a transposition skin flap from the upper eyelid. The skin flap provided adequate vascular support in all cases. Follow up of 10 months to 20 months showed a good outcome in all patients. Reconstruction of full thickness eyelid defects after extensive tumor excision requires reforming of the anterior and posterior lamella. Whereas the Hughes or Cutler Beard techniques for eyelid reconstruction require a 2-step approach with occlusion of the eye for at least 1 week, reconstruction with a free tarsal graft is a 1-stage procedure and does not entail eye occlusion. Autogenous tarsus as a free graft proves to be a simple procedure for posterior lamella substitution in lower eyelid surgery, especially in combination with a skin transposition flap from the upper eyelid.     

异种脱细胞真皮基质联合邻位皮瓣修复眼睑全层缺损的临床观察

目的 观察异种脱细胞真皮基质联合邻位皮瓣Ⅰ期修复眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后眼睑全层缺损的临床疗效.万法 35例(35眼)眼睑恶性肿瘤患者,其中基底细胞癌21例,睑板腺癌13例,鳞状细胞癌1例;累及上睑者12例,累及下睑者23例.所有患者均行术中冰冻并根据冰冻结果确定切缘,肿物切除后眼睑有不同程度全层缺损.取异种脱细胞真皮基质替代结膜睑板组织,根据皮肤缺损大小做邻近滑行或转位皮瓣修补眼睑缺损.术后观察皮瓣及口腔修复膜愈合情况、有无眼睑闭合不全及睑球粘连.结果 随诊半年,异种脱细胞真皮基质已完全溶解,被爬行结膜上皮覆盖,皮瓣愈合良好、无一例皮瓣坏死.其中28例患者术后恢复良好,无眼睑闭合不全及睑内、外翻.4例患者出现轻度眼睑闭合不全,均无暴露性角膜炎.3例患者出现轻度睑球粘连.结论 异种脱细胞真皮基质可替代睑板结膜组织,联合邻位皮瓣治疗眼睑恶性肿瘤切除术后的眼睑全层缺损有较好的临床疗效,可减少患者因取口唇黏膜或行二次眼睑重建的痛苦.     

Graft contraction: a comparison of acellular dermis versus hard palate mucosa in lower eyelid surgery

PURPOSE: To compare graft contraction rates of acellular dermis versus hard palate mucosa when used as free spacer grafts in lower eyelid surgery and to provide clinical outcome data. METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized clinical trial involving the placement of 19 spacer grafts in the lower eyelids of 14 patients was performed. Indications for spacer graft placement included lower eyelid retraction and mildly contracted socket. Patients with lower eyelid retraction also underwent an endoscopic subperiosteal midface lift. For all procedures, the height of each graft was measured during and after surgery. The amount of contraction was measured for each graft, and a mean was calculated for each spacer material. The clinical success was evaluated for all procedures, based on improvement of the functional concern being addressed. RESULTS: The mean graft contraction rate was 57% for the acellular dermis and 16% for the hard palate mucosal grafts (P <0.005). Of the 7 procedures using acellular dermis for lower eyelid retraction, 6 were considered a success, and 1 was considered a partial success. Of the 6 procedures using hard palate for lower eyelid retraction, 5 were considered a success, and 1 was considered a failure unrelated to the graft. Of the 5 procedures with acellular dermis used for mildly contracted socket, 2 were considered a success, 2 were considered a partial success, and 1 was considered a failure because of graft contraction. The one case using hard palate for mildly contracted socket was considered a success. CONCLUSIONS: Acellular dermis contracts significantly more than hard palate mucosa when used as a lower eyelid spacer graft. Acellular dermis and hard palate mucosa were both associated with a high rate of clinical success in all categories except for patients with a mildly contracted socket who received acellular dermis; more than 60% of these patients (n=5) had only partial success or failure caused by graft contraction.