毛蚶多糖提取及脱色工艺的优化

目的探讨毛蚶多糖的提取及脱色工艺,为毛蚶多糖开发提供理论依据。方法采用水提法提取毛蚶多糖,硫酸-蒽酮法测多糖含量,利用正交试验确定毛蚶多糖最优提取条件;分别采用活性炭、H_2O_2、大孔树脂对毛蚶多糖进行脱色,并探讨脱色率与多糖损失率的关系。结果液固比为35∶1(ml/g)、温度为80℃、提取时间为2h时提取率最高,为9.20%。H_2O_2浓度为12.00%时脱色效果最好,脱色率为58.90%,多糖损失率为28.90%;活性炭添加量为0.08g/ml时脱色效果最佳,脱色率为61.90%,多糖损失率为32.70%;大孔树脂含量为0.1g/ml时,脱色率为66.60%,多糖损失率为27.50%。结论毛蚶多糖热水浸提法工艺经济、简单、合理可行。     

大枣渣多糖活性炭脱色工艺研究

目的：研究大枣渣多糖脱色的最佳条件。方法：分别以多糖含量、多糖得率和脱色率为指标，采用正交试验法对脱色的最佳工艺进行优选。结果：脱色最佳工艺为：在40℃下，调节pH=3．5，加入2%活性炭，搅拌20min。结论：该脱色工艺适合工业化应用。     

青钱柳叶多糖双氧水脱色工艺研究

目的:优化青钱柳叶多糖双氧水脱色工艺。方法:采用双氧水进行脱色处理,以脱色率及多糖保留率为指标,在单因素试验的基础上利用正交试验优化脱色工艺。结果:青钱柳叶多糖双氧水最佳脱色工艺为:在温度为70℃,双氧水体积分数为20%,调节p H值为8.5,脱色2 h。在此工艺下脱色率和多糖保留率分别达到85.2%、72.3%(n=3)。结论:双氧水对青钱柳多糖有较好的脱色效果。该脱色工艺操作简单、成本低廉、不引入其他杂质。     

正交设计优选碎米糖化液的脱色工艺

目的优选碎米糖化液脱色的最佳工艺条件。方法以活性炭为脱色剂,在单因素基础上进行正交试验,对碎米糖化液进行活性炭用量、加热温度和脱色时间等因素的考察,以葡萄糖保留率和脱色率为指标,选择最佳工艺。结果碎米糖化液活性炭脱色的最佳工艺为：糖化液加入3%的活性炭后,在70℃下脱色40 min。结论本文所建立的脱色工艺简单可行,可为进一步制备注射用葡萄糖的脱色工艺研究提供实验依据。     

鹿茸多糖提取工艺研究

目的：研究鹿茸多糖提取最佳工艺。方法：采用石油醚脱脂,水提醇沉法提取粗多糖,Sevage法除蛋白,双氧水脱色。正交试验法分别考察了提取温度、提取时间和料液比对鹿茸多糖得率的影响。采用苯酚硫酸法测定总多糖含量。结果：最佳的提取工艺条件为提取时间4 h,提取温度80℃,料液比1：30。结论：在最佳工艺条件下的鹿茸多糖得率为13.7%。     

平菇多糖提取工艺优化研究

[目的]优化水提法提取平菇多糖的工艺,为平菇多糖的提取提供一种简单有效的方法。[方法]通过单因素试验和正交试验对水提法提取平菇多糖的工艺进行了研究,考察料液比、提取时间、提取温度三个因素对平菇多糖提取率的影响,并以正交试验设计优化工艺条件。[结果]平菇多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1:35、提取时间3h、提取温度90℃。在此条件下得率可达2.84%。[结论]该方法简便、价廉、准确、灵敏度高,适合于平菇多糖的提取。     

基于BP神经网络对木瓜蛋白酶法提取鱼腥草多糖工艺的优化

目的结合正交试验与BP神经网络,筛选木瓜蛋白酶提取鱼腥草多糖的最佳工艺。方法以提取温度、提取时间及酶添加量为输入量,综合评分为输出量,用训练好的BP神经网络模型进行预测,寻找最优参数组合。结果由BP神经网络得到的最佳提取工艺为:pH=7.0,提取温度60℃,酶添加量2.0%,提取时间2.5 h,经试验验证其综合评分高于正交试验的最优组合的得分。结论 BP神经网络与正交试验相结合,可用于木瓜蛋白酶法提取鱼腥草多糖最优提取工艺的筛选。     

白簕粗多糖的脱色纯化及其产物降糖活性研究

【目的】探讨白簕粗多糖的最优脱色工艺条件参数,并考察脱色后多糖的降糖活性。【方法】以多糖保留率、脱色率为指标,比较AB-8、D-101、DM-301、HPD-600型大孔树脂和聚酰胺树脂的脱色效果,通过单因素考察与正交实验优化静态吸附脱色条件;并通过链脲霉素(STZ)诱导糖尿病小鼠模型考察脱色后多糖的降糖药理活性。【结果】HPD-600大孔树脂的脱色效果最好,其最佳脱色条件为:多糖溶液p H=4.0,液固比为30∶1(m L/g),20℃时慢速振摇吸附4 h。最佳条件下,粗多糖的脱色率为(80.09±1.06)%,多糖保留率为(87.90±2.04)%。降糖药理实验结果表明,脱色后白簕多糖对STZ诱导的糖尿病小鼠具有降血糖作用,多糖高剂量组小鼠的血糖抑制率达43.04%。【结论】该脱色工艺稳定可靠,适用于白簕粗多糖的脱色纯化,且脱色后多糖有一定的降血糖功效。     

参精膏的制备及工艺参数研究

目的:研究参精膏的制备方法与工艺条件,为其大生产提供参考.方法:采用单因素试验考察法考察药材的浸泡时间与吸水率;采用正交试验法,以粗多糖含量及干膏率为考察指标,考察提取过程中的加水量、提取时间及提取次数;并以膏体成型性和口感考察人参的粉碎度,同时采用加速试验法,考察添加抑菌剂、终端灭菌以及不作任何处理对参精膏含菌量影响...     

酶法提取女贞子多糖及其抗氧化性研究

目的 酶法优化女贞子多糖提取工艺.方法 利用纤维素酶处理女贞子提取多糖,分别以酶解时间、酶解温度、酶量和pH值为主要影响因素,采用L9(34)正交实验设计进行提取工艺的优化.结果 通过正交试验及验证性实验确定其最佳提取工艺条件为酶解时间120 min,酶解温度40℃,酶量1％,pH值为5.2.在此条件下,女贞子多糖提取率可达6.58％.结论 酶法提取的女贞子多糖具有显著的抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基作用明显,是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.