南宁青秀区学龄儿童行为问题及影响因素分析

目的 了解南宁市青秀区学龄儿童行为问题及其影响因素,为儿童身心健康发展提供参考依据。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,应用Conner's量表父母用症状问卷( Parent Symptom Questionnaire,PSQ) 对南宁青秀区3 061名6~14岁学龄儿童进行评定。结果 学龄儿童行为问题检出率为10.49%,男童的品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动和多动指数得分皆高于女童(P值均＜0.01);低、中龄组儿童冲动-多动和多动指数得分均高于高龄组(P值均＜0.05);父母亲低学历组儿童的学习问题、品行问题、冲动-多动和多动指数得分均高于父母亲中、高等学历组儿童 (P值均＜0.05) 。父母关系、学习成绩等是行为问题的影响因素。结论 南宁青秀区学龄儿童行为问题发生率略高于全国水平,行为问题是多因素综合作用的结果,受家庭环境的影响较大。     

南宁市青秀区小学生行为问题现状

探讨南宁市青秀区小学生行为问题状况,为研究小学生行为问题的机制与干预手段提供依据.方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,用Conners父母用症状问卷(PSQ)对南宁市青秀区5所小学3 061名6~ 14岁小学生的行为问题进行调查.结果 学龄儿童行为问题检出率为10.49%,男生的品行问题、学习问题、冲动—多动和多动指数得分皆高于女生(t值分别为4.975,6.454,6.760,7.393,P值均<0.01).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、父亲文化程度在高中及以下、父亲经常打骂孩子、母亲偶尔或经常责骂孩子、父母关系不和睦以及经常吃零食是儿童多动行为的风险因素(P值均<0.05).结论 南宁青秀区小学生行为问题发生率较高.影响多动行为的因素包括生物因素和家庭因素,尤其是家庭因素应引起充分重视.     

农村贫困儿童行为问题及家庭影响因素分析

目的 调查陕西关中农村两贫困县儿童的行为问题及家庭影响因素,为儿童健康成长提供参考依据。方法 采用随机抽样方法,于2016年5月选取陕西关中两贫困县在校小学生1 000名,用Conners行为问卷进行调查,并对结果完整的836例问卷进行统计分析。结果 1)不同年级儿童在品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动及焦虑方面差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,四、五年级儿童在品行问题和焦虑两因子得分上,四、六年级儿童在学习问题和冲动-多动两因子得分上,五、六年级儿童在品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动和焦虑因子得分上差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。2)男童在心身问题和焦虑两因子得分上高于女童(P<0.01)。3)不同经济状况儿童在学习问题和冲动-多动因子上比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。其中,学习问题因子上贫困家庭儿童得分较家庭经济一般和较好的儿童均高,冲动-多动因子上家庭贫困儿童得分高于家庭较好儿童。4)母亲不同文化程度儿童在焦虑因子得分比较差异有统计学意义(F=3.321,P<0.05)。其中,母亲小学文化程度的儿童焦虑得分高于母亲大学文化程度儿童。结论 陕西关中农村贫困学龄儿童存在一定的行为问题,家庭影响因素不可忽视,应该引起学龄儿童家长们的重视。     

昆明市小学生行为问题及影响因素分析

目的了解昆明市区小学生行为问题及其影响因素,为儿童身心健康发展提供参考依据。方法采用整群随机抽样的方法,应用Conners父母问卷(PSQ)对昆明市辖区2 175名6～14岁小学生进行评定。结果男生的品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动和多动指数均分皆高于女生(P值均<0.01);冲动-多动和多动指数得分均为低、中龄组>高龄组(P值均<0.05);父亲低学历组儿童的学习问题、品行问题、冲动-多动和多动指数得分均高于中等学历组和高等学历组儿童(P值均<0.05),父母关系差是PSQ所有因子分异常的危险因素(P值均<0.05)。结论昆明市小学生行为问题的发生有性别、年龄差异,家庭环境影响儿童行为问题亦明显。     

新冠肺炎疫情下3~6岁儿童心理行为问题的研究

摘要:目的 了解新冠肺炎疫情下3~6岁儿童心理行为状况及其影响因素。方法 采用Conners父母问卷对湖北省襄阳市320名儿童父母进行调查。结果 男童品行问题、学习问题、多动指数维度得分高于中国常模（均P＜0.05）,女童品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动、焦虑、多动指数维度得分高于常模（均P＜0.05）。不同性别和家庭所在地的儿童心身问题维度得分差异具有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,表现为女童高于男童,城市儿童高于农村儿童;看护人不同的儿童在品行问题、心身问题、冲动-多动维度上的得分差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,看护人为父母的儿童在上述维度上的得分均高于看护人为祖父母的儿童;所在区域有无确诊或疑似病例情况不同的儿童在品行问题、学习问题、冲动-多动、焦虑、多动指数维度上的得分差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,所在区域有确诊或疑似病例的儿童在以上维度的得分均高于所在区域无确诊或疑似病例的儿童。儿童心理行为问题总检出率为21.6%,其中品行问题、冲动-多动、多动指数检出率均为5.3%,学习问题检出率为3.8%,焦虑检出率为1.9%。多重线性回归结果显示：所在区域是否有确诊或疑似病例对儿童心理行为的回归效应显著（P＜0.05）。结论 疫情对3~6岁儿童心理行为影响较大,儿童心理行为问题的总检出率较高,其中品行问题、冲动-多动、多动指数检出率较高。所在区域有确诊或疑似病例是3~6岁儿童心理行为问题的高危因素,应引起家长和教育工作者的高度重视,以做好疫情期间儿童心理疏导。     

家庭干预对利川市农村留守儿童心理健康及行为问题因子的影响

目的:探讨家庭干预对利川市14个乡镇的14所中心小学207名五年级农村留守儿童的心理行为健康及行为问题因子的影响,促进儿童心身的健康成长。方法:本次采用自编的《家庭干预方案》对留守儿童进行为期3个月的家庭干预,分别使用《心理健康诊断测验》(MHT)和《Achenbach儿童行为量表》(CBCL)对干预前后留守儿童的心理健康状况及儿童行为问题进行调查,收集整理数据并进行统计学分析,比较干预前后MHT及CBCL各因子得分。结果:接受家庭干预前、后的农村留守儿童MHT各因子得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。108名利川市农村留守男孩家庭干预前、后CBCL分裂样、抑郁、交往不良、强迫性、体诉、社交退缩、多动、攻击性及违纪各因子得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。99名利川市农村留守女孩家庭干预前、后CBCL抑郁、社交退缩、体诉、分裂强迫、多动、性问题、违纪、攻击性及残忍各因子得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:家庭干预可以促进农村留守儿童的心理健康,减少留守儿童行为问题的发生,促进儿童的健康成长。     

昆山地区托幼机构6～7岁儿童行为问题流行病学调查

【目的】了解昆山地区托幼机构6～7岁儿童的行为问题现状,为卫生行政部门制定相关决策提供依据。【方法】采用Conners父母症状问卷(Parent Symptom Questionnaire,PSQ),对昆山地区托幼机构的7 149名6～7岁儿童的行为问题进行调查,并将结果与Conners国内常模进行比较。【结果】昆山地区托幼机构6～7岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍症状阳性总检出率为3.43%,男童的检出率(4.48%)高于女童(2.25%),差异有高度统计学意义(χ2=26.63,P0.01);不同年龄组间冲动-多动、焦虑、多动指数等因子检出率差异具有统计学意义(P值均0.05);男童的品行问题、冲动-多动、多动指数等因子得分均高于女童(P值均0.05);男童冲动-多动因子得分较国内常模较低、多动指数因子得分较国内常模较高(P值均0.05);女童的品行问题、心身问题、冲动-多动、焦虑以及多动指数得分均较国内常模高(P值均0.05)。【结论】昆山地区学龄前儿童多动等行为问题明显,应早期预防、早期干预。     

兰州市学龄前儿童心理行为问题现状调查

目的调查兰州市学龄前儿童心理行为问题发生现状,初步探讨兰州市学龄前儿童心理行为问题的影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群分层抽样法抽取兰州市部分幼儿园大、中、小班3~6岁学龄前儿童1 292名;采用Conners父母症状问卷(PSQ)对学龄前儿童进行调查。结果兰州市学龄前儿童心理行为问题总检出率为15.63%,男童和女童心理行为问题检出率分别为21.71%和8.94%,男童心理行为问题检出率高于女童(P0.05)。不同年龄组女童学习问题检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同年龄组男童学习问题、心神障碍、多动-冲动检出率比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);留守儿童多动-冲动检出率高于非留守儿童(P0.05);非母乳喂养儿童多动指数异常率高于母乳喂养儿童(P0.05)。结论兰州市学龄前儿童心理行为问题值得关注,不同人群心理行为问题表现不同。     

中美学龄儿童心理行为问题的比较研究

目的：了解中美学龄儿童心理行为问题的现状和发展的特点，为开展心理辅导和心理健康教育提供参考。方法：采用Achenbach’s儿童行为量表对6～16岁儿童心理行为问题进行调查，并对调查结果进行了分析比较。结果：中国淄博学龄儿童行为问题的现患率19．1％。检出率高的因子是强迫-冲动、多动、抑郁、攻击性行为等。比较中、美儿童的CBCL得分发现中国儿童在社会能力总分、行为问题某些分量表（尤其在内隐性行为问题上）的得分均高于美国儿童；抑郁、交往不良分量表得分低于美国儿童。结论：我国学龄儿童的心理行为问题不容乐观，必须尽快加以干预。     

农村留守初中生情绪行为特点与生活满意度的关系

目的 探讨农村留守初中生情绪行为特点与生活满意度的关系,为提高留守儿童生活质量提供依据.方法 采用青少年生活满意度量表和长处与困难问卷,对分层随机整群抽取的河南许昌地区4个县822名农村初中生进行调查.结果 留守儿童的品行问题得分显著高于非留守儿童(P＜0.01).留守男生的同伴交往问题得分显著高于女生(P＜0.01),而情绪问题得分显著低于女生(P＜0.01);初一留守儿童的情绪问题、品行问题和多动问题得分最低,初二留守儿童的同伴交往问题得分最高,亲社会行为得分最低;留守5a以上的儿童情绪问题和亲社会行为得分显著高于留守5 a以下的儿童(P＜0.01);家庭月收入4000元以上的留守儿童品行问题最少.初中留守儿童的友谊满意度对情绪问题、同伴交往问题有显著负向预测作用,并对亲社会行为有显著正向预测作用;环境满意度和家庭满意度对多动/注意不能有显著负向预测作用,对亲社会行为有显著正向预测作用;学校满意度对情绪问题和多动/注意不能有显著负向预测作用;学业满意度对品行问题和多动/注意不能有显著负向预测作用.结论 生活满意度高的农村初中留守儿童有更多的亲社会行为和更少的情绪、行为问题.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.