噻吗洛尔外敷联合32P敷贴治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的疗效观察

目的观察噻吗洛尔外敷联合³²P敷贴治疗婴幼儿血管瘤的临床疗效。方法选取河北省邢台市人民医院120例婴幼儿血管瘤患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分成观察组和对照组,每组60例。观察组第一疗程采用³²P敷贴治疗,之后改为单独噻吗洛尔外敷治疗;对照组全程采用³²P敷贴治疗,最多给予3个疗程的治疗。对两组临床总有效率和副作用发生情况进行比较分析。结果两组患者的年龄、性别、血管瘤面积和部位差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。观察组治愈26例,总有效率为93.33%(56/60);对照组治愈29例,总有效率为96.67%(58/60),两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=0.702,P>0.05)。治疗后第4个月,观察组的治愈率为26.67%,低于对照组的45.00%,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.385,P=0.036);治疗后第6个月,两组治愈率无差异(χ²=0.302,P=0.583)。观察组的副作用发生率低于对照组(16.67%vs.45.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论噻吗洛尔外敷联合³²P敷贴治疗婴幼儿血管瘤疗效确定、临床效果满意,能有效降低色素脱失和色素沉着等副作用的发生率。     

盐酸纳布啡用于小儿尺桡骨骨折闭合复位克氏针内固定术后镇痛的临床观察

目的比较盐酸纳布啡和舒芬太尼对小儿尺桡骨骨折闭合复位克氏针内固定术后的镇痛效果及不良反应,探讨盐酸纳布啡用于术后镇痛的安全性和有效性。方法选取湖南省儿童医院于2017年9月至2018年8月收治的60例尺桡骨骨折需行尺桡骨闭合复位克氏针内固定的患儿为研究对象,依据术后镇痛药物的不同分为盐酸纳布啡组(n=30)和舒芬太尼组(n=30)。比较两组镇痛镇静效果及术后呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生率。结果手术前两组患儿的FLACC评分分别为(1.56±0.32)分和(1.54±0.41)分,差异无统计学意义(t=1.12,P=0.41);手术后0.5 h、6 h、12 h、24 h两组患儿FLACC评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。手术后0.5 h、6 h、12 h、24 h两组患儿Ramsay评分差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。盐酸纳布啡组的术后呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐、皮肤瘙痒等不良反应发生率低于舒芬太尼组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论相比于舒芬太尼,盐酸纳布啡更适用于中等疼痛强度手术的术后镇痛。     

帕瑞昔布钠与曲马多超前镇痛在小儿腹腔镜疝修补术中的应用

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠与曲马多超前镇痛在小儿腹腔镜疝修补术后的镇痛效果及不良反应。方法选择择期行小儿腹腔镜疝修补的手术患儿60例,年龄为1～10岁,随机分为三组,帕瑞昔布钠组（P组）,曲马多组（T组）,和对照组（C组）,每组20例。于手术开始前10min分别注射帕瑞昔布钠1mg／kg,曲马多I．5mg／kg,生理盐水2mL。三组患儿年龄、性别、体重、失血量、手术时间和术中麻醉药用量等无统计学差异。观察拔管后10min内患儿躁动评分,记录术后0、2、4、8、12h各时间点疼痛评分及不良反应。结果P组、T组躁动发生率低于C组,术后各时间点P组疼痛评分显著低于T组与C组,T组恶心呕吐的发生率高于P组与C组,三组患儿元明显呼吸抑制等不良反应。结论帕瑞昔布钠与曲马多超前镇痛在小儿腹腔镜疝修补术中可产生很好的镇痛效果,减少恢复期躁动的发生,帕瑞昔布钠镇痛效果更好,不良反应少。     

新生儿高氨血症247例临床分析

目的 探讨新生儿高氨血症的病因、临床表现、干预措施和预后。方法 2016年4月至2020年12月,联勤保障部队第九八〇医院儿科收治高氨血症新生儿247例,回顾性分析患儿的临床资料。根据血氨水平分为重度组14例(≥200 μmol/L)、中度组110例(100～200 μmol/L)、轻度组123例(50～99 μmol/L)3组。比较各组的临床症状、治疗及预后情况。统计学方法采用χ²检验。结果 重、中、轻度组早产儿的比例分别为21.4%(3/14)、48.2%(53/110)、47.2%(58/123),差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.675,P=0.159)。重、中、轻度组患儿出现临床症状的比例分别为92.8%(13/14)、29.1%(32/110)、3.2%(4/123),重度组高于中度组和轻度组(χ²值分别为21.842、92.852,P<0.001),中度组高于轻度组(χ²=29.678,P<0.001)。247例患儿中,进行代谢病筛查173例(70.0%),确诊遗传代谢病12例;...     

纳洛酮联合氨茶碱治疗早产儿原发性呼吸暂停74例临床观察

目的观察纳洛酮联合氨茶碱治疗早产儿原发性呼吸暂停的疗效。 方法2002 01—2006 01于鞍山市中心医院就诊的原发性呼吸暂停早产儿74例,分为治疗组40例和对照组34例。在常规治疗基础上,两组均常规应用氨茶碱注射液治疗呼吸暂停,首次负荷量5mg/kg,12h后予维持量2mg/kg,每12h给药1次,稀释后静滴;治疗组加用纳洛酮注射液,首次负荷量0.1mg/kg,静推,1h后按0.01mg/(kg·h)的速度经微量输液泵持续静脉注射,每日总量不超过0.4mg/kg。 结果治疗组显效率和总有效率分别为67.5%(27/40)和95.0%(38/40),对照组分别为44.1%(15/34)和73.5%(25/34)。两组显效率比较差异有显著性意义(χ2=4.09,P<0.05),总有效率比较差异有非常显著性意义(χ2=6.69,P<0.01)。 结论纳洛酮联合氨茶碱治疗早产儿原发性呼吸暂停疗效优于单用氨茶碱。     

莪术油注射液治疗腹泻病疗效观察

目的探讨莪术油注射液对腹泻病的临床疗效。方法122例秋季腹泻患儿随机分为两组,治疗组74例采用莪术油注射液10 mg/(kg.d)治疗,对照组48例给予阿昔洛韦片口服,5 mg/(kg.次),4次/d,连用5~10 d。结果治疗组总有效率(94.95%)高于对照组(68.75%),经统计学处理,具有显著性差异(χ2=15.64 P<0.05)。结论莪术油注射液治疗腹泻病的疗效确切。     

早期口服布洛芬治疗极低出生体重儿动脉导管未闭的临床研究

目的：探讨早期口服布洛芬治疗极低出生体重儿（VLBWI）动脉导管未闭（PDA）的临床效果和安全性。方法：生后24 h内经床边心脏彩超确诊的有临床症状的VLBWI PDA 64例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组32例。治疗组生后24 h内口服布洛芬,首剂10 mg/kg,第2、3剂5 mg/kg,每剂间隔24 h。对照组给予安慰剂生理盐水1 mL/kg,第2、3剂0. 5 mL/kg,每剂间隔24 h。观察两组患儿的治疗效果及不良反应。结果：第1疗程结束后治疗组动脉导管关闭率为84%,明显高于对照组的41%,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。治疗组脑室周围白质软化和支气管肺发育不良的发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）;机械通气时间和平均住院时间明显短于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组脑室内出血、早期肺出血、坏死性小肠结肠炎的发生率等差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,且均未发现明显不良反应。结论：早期口服布洛芬治疗VLBWI PDA可以减少部分近期并发症的发生率,缩短住院时间,且未发现明显不良反应。     

芬太尼与舒芬太尼对儿童全麻苏醒期躁动的临床研究

目的 探讨芬太尼与舒芬太尼在儿童全身麻醉中对苏醒期躁动的影响.方法 选择2016年1月至2016年6月在中国医科大学附属盛京医院行腹腔镜下腹股沟疝修补术60例患儿,按照数字表法随机分为试验组(舒芬太尼组)及对照组(芬太尼组),每组 30例.麻醉诱导:依托咪酯0.3mg/kg 、琥珀胆碱2mg/kg ,试验组予舒芬太尼0.1μg/kg、 对照组予芬太尼1μg/kg,所有患儿以七氟烷维持麻醉.比较两组患儿拔除喉罩时间(停用麻醉药至拔除喉罩的时间),离开麻醉恢复室(PACU)时间.在PACU对患儿进行儿童苏醒期躁动量表(PAED)评分、Ramsay镇静评分、FLACC疼痛评分.结果 试验组PAED评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组患儿均无过度镇静(Ramsay镇静评分均<4),试验组镇静评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).试验组FLACC评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组在喉罩拔除时间和离开苏醒时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 在腹腔镜儿童腹股沟疝修补术中,与等效剂量的芬太尼相比,舒芬太尼具有更好的镇痛效果,能降低术后躁动的发生率.     

不同方法预防全腔静脉-肺动脉吻合术后血栓的单中心研究

目的本研究旨在探讨华法令和阿司匹林对全腔静脉-肺动脉吻合术(Fontan手术)后血栓形成的预防作用。方法本院自2004年2月至2016年12月共实施Fontan手术37例,患儿年龄3.5~12岁,平均年龄(7.32±2.25)岁。体重11.5~41 kg,平均体重(23.58±4.25)kg。均无房颤等并发症。依据预防血栓的方法分为华法林组和阿司匹林组,华法林组14例,初始剂量为0.06 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),调整剂量时按0.01~0.02 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),逐渐加量或者减量,目标INR值为1.5~2.0;阿司匹林组23例,按5 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)口服。结果华法令组术后即刻至3 d总引流量(17.33±5.62)m L/kg,阿司匹林组(19.27±6.49)m L/kg,差异无统计学意义(t=0.305,P=0.633)。华法令组输血量(15.18±4.73)m L/kg,阿司匹林组输血量(13.52±3.29)m L/kg,差异有统计学意义(t=0.718,P=0.452)。3年内发生血栓事件:华法令组1例,阿司匹林组2例,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.028,P=0.867);总血栓事件:华法令组2例,阿司匹林组2例,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.026,P=0.595);全因死亡事件:华法令组2例,阿司匹林组3例,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.011,P=0.914)。结论对于幼年和青年的无房颤并发症的Fontan手术病人,无论是华法令还是阿司匹林都可以取得近似的预防血栓的效果。故可以推荐病人使用抗血小板治疗,从而避免服用华法令频繁抽血监测INR的弊端,病人和家属的依从性也会更好。     

布洛芬在全身炎症反应综合征治疗中对血清降钙素原的影响

目的 观察布洛芬对全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患儿血清降钙素原(PCT)的影响.方法 采用前瞻性、多中心、随机对照临床研究,收集2008年3月 - 2009年3月,3家医院的儿科重症监护中心符合SIRS诊断的患儿(炎症组)154例,分为单独抗生素组(69例)、抗生素 + 布洛芬组(85例),并取正常对照组20例.测定入院时(基线)、药物干预48 h后血清PCT水平,观察布洛芬干预后PCT的变化,分析布洛芬对SIRS的治疗作用;并对危重评分在80 ～ 100分、＜ 80分的患儿进行分层研究.结果 正常对照组未检测到PCT;炎症组基线时PCT为(2.35 ± 3.91)ng/ml,其中单独抗生素组为(2.18 ± 3.88)ng/ml,抗生素 + 布洛芬组为(2.49 ± 3.95)ng/ml,两者差异无统计学意义;单独抗生素组治疗前后PCT差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05),抗生素 + 布洛芬组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);抗生素 + 布洛芬组治疗后PCT下降幅度与单独抗生素组治疗后下降幅度比较差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05).分层研究提示,危重评分80 ～ 100的患儿,抗生素 + 布洛芬治疗后PCT下降幅度与单独抗生素组比较差异有统计学意义(P ＜ 0.05);而危重评分＜ 80的患儿,抗生素 + 布洛芬治疗后PCT下降幅度与单独抗生素组比较差异无统计学意义(P ＞ 0.05).结论 经布洛芬干预48 h后,SIRS患儿外周血清PCT的水平均有明显下降,尤其在危重评分80 ～ 100的患儿中,提示布洛芬在抑制机体炎症反应过程中起一定作用,有助于控制炎症.     

Comparative evaluation of the antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen and paracetamol

An open multicentric trial was conducted on 175 patients to compare the antipyretic efficacy of ibuprofen (7 mg/kg) and paracetamol (8 mg/kg). Children between the age of 4 months and 12 years with fever were admitted to the study, 85 in the ibuprofen group and 90 in the paracetamol group. The axillary temperatures were recorded at half hourly intervals for 2 hours. The mean fall in temperature at 1, 1.5 and 2 hours was similar in both groups and the differences were not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). At half hour, the fall in temperature (mean +/- SEM) for ibuprofen was 0.1975 +/- 0.0409 and for paracetamol was 0.3843 +/- 0.0490. This absolute difference of 0.19 degrees C was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). We conclude that ibuprofen has antipyretic activity comparable to that of paracetamol and that it could be a valuable alternative antipyretic in clinical practice. There is a need to repeat this trial with higher doses of ibuprofen, to establish a dose response of the drug, if any, and to find an optimally effective dose.     

The outcome of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) post-allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is not improved by the addition of etoposide to the conditioning regimen

BACKGROUND: Relapse remains a concern for children with AML undergoing allogeneic SCT, so in an effort to reduce the risk of relapse in these patients, we intensified our pre-SCT preparation by adding etoposide to the standard busulfan and cyclophosphamide regimen. PROCEDURE: We retrospectively analyzed the collected data and compared the two groups; Group A (n = 18) included patients who received busulfan 16 mg/kg plus cyclophosphamide 200 mg/kg (Bu/Cy), and Group B (n = 48) included patients who received busulfan 12 mg/kg, cyclophosphamide 90 mg/kg in addition to etoposide 60 mg/kg (Bu/Cy/VP). The patients' characteristics were similar in the two groups. RESULTS: No significant difference in the overall outcome was noted; the 5-year overall survival was 50% and 53.3% for Groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.9). Similarly, the 5-year probability of relapse was 64.1% and 46.1% for Groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.38). The use of etoposide was not associated with increased toxicity. CONCLUSION: The addition of etoposide to the Bu/Cy regimen was well tolerated, but did not appear to improve the outcome.     

A comparison of analgesic efficacy of tramadol and pethidine for management of postoperative pain in children: a randomized,controlled study

Prevention of postoperative pain in children is one of the most important objectives of the anesthesiologist. Opioids have been used as an analgesic for postoperative pain in children for many years. Tramadol has both opioid and monoaminergic agonist actions. The aim of the study was to determine if the analgesic potency and occurrence of adverse effects of tramadol differ from pethidine when administered to children. A total of 110 healthy children, aged 2-12 years, scheduled for elective lower abdominal surgery were randomized to receive either pethidine 1 mg/kg (Group I, n = 60) or tramadol 2 mg/kg (Group II, n = 50) for postoperative pain after anesthesia induction. Pain intensity, adverse effects, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded at regular intervals. The mean pain scores on postoperative 24 h were significantly greater with tramadol than with pethidine. Sedation scores, heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed no significant differences between the groups. We conclude that pethidine and tramadol are effective in providing analgesia in pediatric patients, but pethidine provided better postoperative analgesia than tramadol. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation were minimal and were similar in both drugs.     

Effectiveness and tolerability of ibuprofen-arginine versus paracetamol in children with fever of likely infectious origin

The aim of this multicentre, double-blind, randomized study was to assess the paediatric antipyretic efficacy of a new ibuprofen formulation containing L-arginine for gastric protection, compared with the efficacy of paracetamol. For this purpose 100 patients were given ibuprofenarginine (1 drop/kg: 6.67 mg/kg) and 99 paracetamol (4 drops/kg: 10.65 mg/kg). The main efficacy endpoint was the mean change in tympanic temperature 4 h after drug intake. Twelve patients were excluded because of early vomiting or spitting out the medication. The resulting efficacy analysis population included a total of 88 patients treated with ibuprofen-arginine and 87 with paracetamol. Mean change in tympanic temperature (°C) showed no difference between groups ( p = 0.527) but more patients in the ibuprofen-arginine group attained a temperature reduction greater than 2°C ( p = 0.043). A total of 107 patients required antipyretic rescue medication, with a smaller proportion in the ibuprofen-arginine group. Although this was not statistically significant, a trend towards improved activity was observed ( p = 0.100). Overall efficacy was judged from the recovery or improvement in 68.8% of patients in the ibuprofen-arginine group compared with 65.5% in the paracetamol group. Nineteen patients reported adverse events, with vomiting being the most common complaint, but no differences were detected between treatments.

Conclusion: Based on the present results, ibuprofen-arginine oral drops have shown to be a safe, well-tolerated and potent paediatric antipyretic agent. Hence, ibuprofen-arginine should be considered as an adequate choice for the control of paediatric fever of likely infectious aetiology.     

克氏针辅助闭合复位在儿童肱骨干骨折弹性钉固定中的应用研究

目的 儿童肱骨干骨折弹性钉固定术中使用克氏针辅助复位,并与手法复位弹性钉固定进行对比,以明确其应用价值.方法 对2010年2月至2013年8月收治的41例儿童肱骨干骨折患儿,分别采用克氏针辅助复位弹性钉治疗(20例,A组)、手法复位弹性钉治疗(21例,B组).A组男11例,女9例,年龄(8.82±3.12)岁;B组男13例,女8例,年龄(9.09±2.78)岁.观察并比较两组闭合复位成功率、手术时间、放射次数、骨折愈合时间、住院时间、并发症、功能评分等.结果 A组所有病例均获得闭合复位,B组成功闭合复位16例,5例行切开复位,两组闭合复位成功率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);A组手术时间(35.5±4.60) min、照射次数(10.21±3.53)次,B组手术时间(47.5±7.00)min,照射次数(14.70±5.02)次,两组在手术时间及照射次数上差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.001、P=0.003).A组骨折愈合时间(7.32±1.03)周、住院时间(6.54±1.21)d,B组折愈合时间(7.64±0.88)周,住院时间(6.94±1.53)d,两组在骨折愈合时间及住院时间上差异均无统计学意义(P=0.331、P=0.387);B组发生2例桡神经损伤,1例创口感染,A组则未出现明显并发症,两组差异有统计学意义(P=0.106);两组功能评分分别为(91.2±3.1)分、(90.1±5.1)分,差异无统计学意义(P=0.430).结论 相对于手法复位,儿童肱骨干骨折弹性钉固定术中使用克氏针辅助闭合复位能提高复位成功率,并明显缩短手术时间、减少射线照射,且不影响术后疗效,临床上可适当使用.     

维吾尔族小儿尿石症的高危因素分析及探讨

目的 探讨分析维吾尔族小儿尿石症的代谢性高危因素.方法 回顾性分析对比2014年8月至2016年5月在我院住院的尿石症维吾尔族患儿174例(尿石症组)与非尿石症组(泌尿系B型超声未发现泌尿系结石患儿,并且不存在代谢方面的疾病)167例.测定患儿的空腹血液生化、24 h尿生化结果,并行结石成分分析,分析两组代谢相关指标差异及结石患儿结石成分特点.结果 尿石症组与非尿石症组血液生化结果对比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).尿石症组24 h尿钙水平为(6.71±1.47) mg/kg,非尿石症组为(2.82±1.16) mg/kg,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).尿石症组24 h尿镁水平为(0.76±0.21) mg/kg,非尿石症组为(2.69±0.59) mg/kg,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).尿石症组枸橼酸尿水平(201.13±80.03) mg/kg,非尿石症组为(521.71±179.08) mg/kg,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).尿石症患儿中有低枸橼酸尿症124例(71％);高钙尿症96例(55％),其次为低镁尿症42例(24％).小儿尿石症结石成分主要为草酸钙134例(77％),其次为鸟粪石23例(13％),磷酸钙14例(8％)等.结论 低枸橼酸尿症,低镁尿症,高钙尿症是维吾尔族小儿尿石症的主要高危因素.     

Oral Ibuprofen and Ductus Arteriosus Closure in Full-Term Neonates: A Prospective Case–Control Study

Management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in full-term neonates remains controversial. We evaluated the effects of oral ibuprofen on PDA closure in 51 full-term neonates. All neonates were >3-days-old and had a gestational age ≥37 weeks. Patients with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease or severe pulmonary artery hypertension (gradient >40 mmHg) were excluded. Patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 21). The treated group received ibuprofen suspension (initially 10 mg/kg, then two 5-mg/kg doses 24 h apart), and control neonates received a placebo. Physicians who treated the patients were blinded to group assignment. There was a statistically significant difference in the closure rate of PDA between the treated (73.3%) and control groups (42.9%, P = 0.029). Among neonates with PDA closure, there was a significant difference in the day of closure between the two groups (25.49 and 17.65% on the days 4 and 14 after diagnosis of PDA in treated neonates versus 1.96 and 15.69% in controls, respectively). This study showed the efficacy of oral ibuprofen in achieving earlier closure of PDA in full-term neonates.     

Safety and efficacy of ibuprofen versus indomethacin in preterm infants treated for patent ductus arteriosus: a randomised controlled trial

Indomethacin (INDO) and, more recently, ibuprofen (IBU) have been used to treat haemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants. Both are cyclo-oxygenase blockers, but seem to have a different influence on regional circulation. In a prospective, randomised, controlled study, we compared INDO and IBU with regard to efficacy and safety for the early non-invasive treatment of PDA. Doppler echocardiography was used to study 232 preterm infants (gestational age 23-34 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome of whom 175 had persistent, haemodynamically significant PDA at 48-72 h of life. They were randomised to receive three intravenous doses of either INDO (0.2 mg/kg, at 12 h intervals) or IBU (a first 10 mg/kg dose followed by two doses of 5 mg/kg at 24 h intervals), recording rate of ductal closure, need for additional treatment, side-effects and clinical course. The efficacy of the pharmacological treatment was similar in the two groups (56/81, 69% INDO; 69/94, 73% IBU). Patients treated with INDO showed a significant increase in serum creatinine (89 +/- 24 versus 82 +/- 20 mmol/l, P = 0.03) and a near-significant tendency for a lower fractional excretion of sodium (3 +/- 3 versus 4 +/- 2%, P = 0.08); moreover, 12/81 (15%) INDO patients versus 1/94 (1%) IBU patients became oliguric (< 1 ml/kg per h) during treatment (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Our findings confirm that, by comparison with indomethacin, ibuprofen has fewer effects on renal function in terms of urine output and fluid retention, with much the same efficacy and safety in closing patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. In particular, no increased incidence of intracranial haemorrhage was observed after ibuprofen treatment.