改良胰肠端侧吻合法在胰十二指肠切除术中的应用

目的：观察胰十二指肠切除术中应用改良的胰肠端侧吻合法（胰管—空肠黏膜对黏膜）的临床效果。方法41例行胰十二指肠切除术患者,术中采用4-0 Prolene线连续缝合胰腺断面与空肠浆肌层,5-0 Prolene线吻合胰管—空肠黏膜行胰肠端侧吻合。记录胰肠吻合时间、胰漏等并发症和死亡发生情况。结果41例患者均顺利完成手术,胰肠吻合时间9～16 min、平均12 min,均未出现术后胰漏、消化道出血及死亡,2例出现胆瘘,2例出现胃排空障碍,1例出现碱性反流性胃炎,经保守治疗后痊愈。结论改良的胰肠端侧吻合法可降低胰十二指肠术后胰漏发生率,操作简便、省时、安全。     

彭氏捆绑式胰肠吻合术的临床应用

0引言胰十二指肠切除术(Pancreaticoduodenectomy,PD)手术范围较大,危险性较高,并发症多.其中胰肠吻合口漏为PD手术后最常见、最严重的并发症之一.据统计,目前胰肠吻合口漏的发生率仍高达13%左右,大约是17%PD手术患者的直接死亡原因.为了预防,文献报道有20种方法,大体上包括胰腺残端(胰管)结扎、胰管栓塞或外引流、全胰切除、胰腺断面的浆膜化、胰胃吻合[1,2]、胰空肠6-8针间断缝合[3]、胰空肠套入吻合[4]、胰管与空肠黏膜吻合[5]和没有胰管与空肠黏膜吻合的胰管外造瘘术[6].虽然胰肠吻合方法多种多样,但无一能完全避免胰肠吻合口漏的发…     

家猪贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合实验模型的建立

目的 建立家猪贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合的动物实验模型.方法 选取10头小型家猪,全麻后剖腹暴露胰腺,于胰腺左叶肠系膜上血管水平横断胰腺,胰腺近侧残端缝闭,远侧残端与空肠行端侧贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合,Roux-en-Y式重建消化道.结果 10头家猪行贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合手术均获成功.胰腺残端横径平均2.5 cm,胰管直径平均1.5 mm.手术时间为1.0～2.5 h,平均1.8h,其中胰肠吻合时间平均为8 min.术中平均出血量为25 ml.术后2头猪发生腹泻,1头猪发生切口感染,均经相应处理后治愈.术中未发生意外,术后未发生胰瘘,无死亡.结论 成功建立家猪贯穿缝合式胰肠吻合的实验模型.     

大网膜包裹的胰腺残端捆扎术预防胰漏的临床疗效

目的:探讨大网膜包裹的胰腺残端捆扎术预防胰漏是胰腺远端切除术(d i s t a l pancreatectomy,DP)术后胰漏的安全性及有效性.方法:回顾性对比分析2011-01/2014-02 61例行DP患者的临床病理资料,根据胰腺残端处理方式分为2组:A组(捆扎组,n=19):采用大网膜包裹胰腺残端捆扎术处理胰腺残端;B组(非捆扎组,n=42):采用手工缝合法和闭合器法联合处理胰腺残端.结果:61例患者中共有18例(29.5%)发生了胰漏,A组有2例(10.5%)发生了胰漏,2例均为B级胰漏,B组有16例(38%)发生了胰漏,其中A级胰漏11例,B级胰漏5例,C级胰漏1例,两组术后胰漏发生率差异有明显统计学意义(P=0.03).结论:大网膜包裹的胰腺残端捆扎术能有效预防DP后胰漏的发生率,是一种安全可行的胰腺残端处理方式.     

连续缝合法在套入式胰肠吻合中的应用

目的 探讨在胰十二指肠切除术中利用连续缝合法进行套入式胰肠吻合对预防胰瘘发生的作用.方法 通过采用4-0可吸收线连续缝合法对22例胰十二指肠切除患者进行端侧套入式胰肠吻合,并以同期实施的12例端侧套入式间断缝合、23例胰管空肠黏膜吻合术进行比较.结果 22例患者均顺利施行套入式连续胰肠吻合,平均时间约13 min,术后1例出现胆漏,未发生胰肠吻合口漏,无手术死亡.患者平均住院15 d.同期端侧套入式间断缝合时间平均20 min,术后发生胰漏2例,腹腔感染1例,其中1例并发腹腔大出血死亡;端侧胰管空肠黏膜吻合时间平均18 min,发生胰漏1例,上消化道出血1例.术后患者平均住院19 d.结论 连续套入式胰肠吻合适用于任何情况下的残余胰腺,且操作简便、省时、并发症少,是胰肠吻合技术的一种有效改进.     

经内镜胰管支架置入联合肿瘤剜除术治疗胰腺颈部良性肿瘤1例报告

<正>随着影像诊断技术的不断发展,胰腺良性肿瘤不断被鉴别诊断,其中绝大多数需要及时的外科手术干预。因肿瘤部位不同,其手术术式选择各异。包括胰腺肿瘤剜除、胰腺中段切除、远端胰腺切除、胰十二指肠切除等[1]。其中,肿瘤剜除术主要适用于凸出于胰腺实质表面,且与主胰管间有一定安全距离的良性肿瘤,如胰岛素瘤[2]。当肿瘤位置较深或紧贴主胰管时,若单纯行肿瘤剜除术,极易损伤主胰管,造成术后胰漏。本团队针对1例胰腺颈部良性肿瘤患者,采用经内镜胰管支架置入联合胰腺肿瘤剜除术的治疗方式,在预防术后胰漏方面获得了     

褥式交锁缝合在胰空肠吻合术中的应用

目的 探讨在胰十二指肠切除胰空肠吻合术中,采用褥式交锁缝合法防止胰空肠吻合口瘘的可行性。方法 对51例行胰十二指肠切除术的患者,在经典胰管空肠黏膜端侧吻合口前后壁加缝一层胰腺断端前后壁包膜,与空肠浆肌层切口前后壁浆肌层1号丝线褥式交锁缝合,缝线距胰断端与空肠浆肌切口约1cm。胰管内放置一段长约15cm的硅胶管,另一端置于空肠腔内,利用胰肠吻合处的缝线将硅胶管固定。胰管空肠黏膜吻合用3-0丝线．缝合3～6针。结果 51例患者均无胰瘘、胆瘘、腹腔感染及术后大出血等严重并发症发生。随访1个月至5年,无胆管炎、吻合口溃疡发生,无腹泻等胰腺外分泌功能不足症状。结论 胰空肠吻合时采用褥式交锁缝合法可有效防止胰肠吻合口瘘。     

支气管残端包盖与加固缝合对肺叶切除术后残端愈合的影响

目的 分析肺部疾病行肺叶切除术时,支气管残端用两种闭合方法进行处理,其愈合有无差别.方法 将2003年3月至2010年3月间入选的247例患者分为两组,一组123例支气管残端行加固处理,即用残端闭合器闭合支气管残端,再用Prolene线连续缝合残端加固;另一组124例在用残端闭合器闭合支气管残端后,用带蒂周围组织覆盖...     

支气管残端包盖与加固缝合对肺叶切除术后残端愈合的影响

目的分析肺部疾病行肺叶切除术时,支气管残端用两种闭合方法进行处理,其愈合有无差别。方法将2003年3月至2010年3月间入选的247例患者分为两组,一组123例支气管残端行加固处理,即用残端闭合器闭合支气管残端,再用Prolene线连续缝合残端加固;另一组124例在用残端闭合器闭合支气管残端后,用带蒂周围组织覆盖于残端并缝合固定。结果进行残端加固的病例有3例发生支气管胸膜瘘,而用周围组织覆盖组有2例发生,两组P〉0.05。结论肺叶切除术后对支气管残端进行包盖与加固缝合对支气管残端愈合的影响没有差别。     

捆绑式胰肠吻合术100例报告

目的探讨捆绑式胰肠吻合术在胰十二指肠切除术后预防胰肠吻合口漏的临床价值.方法1996年1月～2000年1月间共施行100例捆绑式胰肠吻合术,并与同期94例用传统方法吻合的病例进行对比.捆绑式胰肠吻合手术方法为先将空肠断端向外反摺3cm,将外翻的粘膜用石炭酸破坏3 cm;游离胰断端3 cm,将其断端与距离空肠断端3 cm的空肠粘膜缝合一圈,注意缝针不穿透浆肌层.将反摺的空肠复位后,胰断端就自然进入肠腔之中(长约3 cm),其表面被缺失粘膜的空肠所覆盖,距离断端1 cm用可吸收缝线环绕空肠进行捆绑,令空肠与其腔内的胰残端紧密相贴,然后结扎完成手术,术后观察总体恢复情况,B超定期检查残端有无积液等.结果全组100例,无一例发生胰漏,残端没有积液.结论捆绑式胰肠吻合术十分安全,能够防止胰肠吻合口漏的发生,且操作简单,不论胰腺质地软硬或胰管有无扩张均可使用,值得进一步推广.     

Ligamentum teres hepatis patch enhances the healing of pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy

Pancreatic fistula is one of the most common complications after the distal pancreatectomy. Many methods have been tried to solve the problem, but no one is optimal, especially for the soft pancreatic stump cases. This study used ligamentum teres hepatis as a patch to cover the pancreatic stump. Between October 2010 and December 2012, seventy-seven patients who had undergone distal pancreatectomy with a soft pancreatic stump were divided into two groups: group A (n=39, patients received conventional ligated main pancreatic duct method) and group B (n=38, patients underwent a coverage procedure). Patients in group A had a longer recovery from postoperative pancreatic fistula than those in group B (16.4±3.5 vs 10.8±1.6 days, P<0.05). The coverage procedure with ligamentum teres hepatis is a safe, effective and convenient method for patients with a soft pancreas remnant during distal pancreatectomy.     

Transection using bipolar scissors reduces pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy

Background/Purpose

Various methods and technique for treating the surgical stump of the remnant pancreas have been reported to reduce pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy (DP). However, appropriate surgical stump closure after DP is still controversial. We aimed to clarify whether using bipolar scissors in DP reduces pancreatic fistula compared to hand-sewn suture of surgical stump closure.

Methods

Between January 1989 and December 2005, handsewn suture of surgical stump closure was performed (n = 49), and bipolar scissors was prospectively performed between January 2006 and July 2007 (n = 26).

Results

The overall rate of pancreatic fistula after DP was 22 patients (29%). There were significant differences between the hand-sewn suture group (41%) and bipolar scissors group (8%) concerning pancreatic fistula (P = 0.0164). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that two factors, soft pancreas and hand-sewn suture compared to bipolar scissors, were independent risk factors of pancreatic fistula after DP (P = 0.011 and 0.0361, respectively).

Conclusions

Bipolar scissors for transection of the pancreas is a useful device to reduce pancreatic fistula after DP.     

Second primary pancreatic ductal carcinoma in the remnant pancreas after pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal carcinoma: High cumulative incidence rates at 5 years after pancreatectomy

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence rate and clinical features of second primary pancreatic ductal carcinoma (SPPDC) in the remnant pancreas after pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDC).MethodsData of patients undergoing R0 resection for PDC at a single high-volume center were reviewed. SPPDC was defined as a tumor in the remnant pancreas after R0 resection for PDC, and SPPDC met at least one of the following conditions: 1) the time interval between initial pancreatectomy and development of a new tumor was 3 years or more; 2) the new tumor was not located in contact with the pancreatic stump. We investigated the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients with SPPDC.ResultsThis study included 130 patients who underwent surgical resection for PDC between 2005 and 2014. Six (4.6%) patients developed SPPDC. The cumulative 3- and 5-year incidence rates were 3.1% and 17.7%, respectively. Four patients underwent remnant pancreatectomy for SPPDC. They were diagnosed with the disease in stage IIA or higher and developed recurrence within 6 months after remnant pancreatectomy. One patient received carbon ion radiotherapy and survived 45 months. One patient refused treatment and died 19 months after the diagnosis of SPPDC.ConclusionsThe incidence rate of SPPDC is not negligible, and the cumulative 5-year incidence rate of SPPDC is markedly high. Post-operative surveillance of the remnant pancreas is critical for the early detection of SPPDC, even in long-term survivors after PDC resection.     

Analysis of closure of the pancreatic remnant after distal pancreatic resection

Background. The appropriate management of the pancreatic remnant following distal pancreatic resection remains a clinically relevant problem. We carried out a retrospective analysis which focused on this issue and compared the two favored techniques of suture and staple closure. Patients and methods. Forty-six patients underwent distal pancreatectomy between October 1999 and January 2006. The patients were retrospectively analysed based on the management of the remaining pancreatic gland. Thirty-seven patients had suture and nine patients had staple closure. The morbidity, mortality, incidence of pancreatic fistula, necessity of secondary surgical intervention, and the duration of hospital stay for the two groups were compared. Pancreatic fistula was considered according to the novel international standard definition (ISGPF). In addition, subgroup analysis of patients receiving octreotide was carried out. Results. Overall, postoperative morbidity due to pancreatic fistula occurred in seven patients (19%) after suture and in one patient (11%) after staple closure (p = 0.54), with no deaths. The number of patients with surgical revision related to pancreatic leakage was two (5%) after suture closure vs no revision after staple closure (p = 0.65). The median number of total hospital days for the suture group was 19 (range 7–78 days) vs 21 (range 12–96 days) for the stapler group (p = 0.21). No significant benefit for the octreotide application could be determined. Conclusion. According to the data, no significant difference for either suture or stapler closure was observed, with the tendency for staple closure to be superior.     

A new surgical technique of transduodenal pancreatic juice drainage prevents pancreatic fistula following distal pancreatectomy

Although, a variety of techniques have been described to reduce the risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula, there is no consensus on appropriate technique for closure of the pancreatic remnant after distal pancreatectomy. We developed a new surgical technique, transduodenal pancreatic juice drainage, for preventing postoperative pancreatic fistula. The procedure involves a transduodenal approach. A pancreatic stent was inserted into the main pancreatic duct from the papilla of Vater to its the distal side, and continuous suction drainage was performed. The pancreatic parenchyma was divided using a knife, and the main pancreatic duct was ligated. The cut surface of the remaining pancreas was closed by hand suturing. This procedure was performed on 10 patients, and none of them developed clinical postoperative pancreatic fistula. We consider our transduodenal pancreatic juice drainage technique to be an effective procedure for preventing postoperative pancreatic fistula in patients who have undergone distal pancreatectomy.     

Spleen and gastrosplenic ligament preserving distal pancreatectomy under a minimum incision approach assisted by laparoscopy

Background

As a modification of hand-assisted laparoscopic pancreatectomy, we devised a method of spleen and gastrosplenic ligament preserving distal pancreatectomy, in which pancreatic resection is performed under direct vision extracorporeally.

Methods

The distal pancreas and spleen are pulled out of the peritoneal cavity through the minilaparotomy at the epigastrium following hand-assisted laparoscopic dissection of the distal pancreas. Spleen-preserving pancreatectomy is performed safely under direct vision. The gastrosplenic ligament is also preserved to prevent splenic volvulus after the operation. The transected main pancreatic duct is doubly ligated, and the transected pancreatic stump is sewn manually. The preserved spleen and splenic vessels are placed back in the peritoneal cavity after resection.

Results

In the current study (n = 3), overall morbidity rate, including splenic volvulus and pancreatic fistula, was 0%.

Conclusion

Preservation of the gastrosplenic ligament and extracorporeal preparation of the transected pancreatic stump under direct vision are useful measures in spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy under a minimum incision approach assisted by laparoscopy.     

A new technique for pancreaticogastrostomy for the soft pancreas: the transfixing suture method

Background/Purpose

Pancreatic anastomotic leakage remains a persistent problem after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The presence of soft, nonfibrotic pancreatic tissue is one of the most important risk factors for pancreatic leakage. Accordingly, we devised a pancreas-transfixing suture method for pancreaticogastrostomies in patients with a soft, nonfibrotic pancreatic remnant.

Methods

The pancreas-transfixing method was applied in 103 consecutive patients after either standard PD (49 patients) or pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) (54 patients) for malignant or benign disease. Of these 103 patients, 65 had a soft, nonfibrotic pancreatic remnant. For the pancreaticogastrostomy technique, an ultrasonically activated scalpel was used for transecting the pancreas. The inner layer involves a duct-to-mucosa anastomosis with an internal stent and the outer layer involves a single row of pancreas-transfixing sutures between the pancreatic remnant and the posterior gastric wall.

Results

Operative mortality was zero and morbidity was 22%. Only two patients (2%) developed pancreatic leaks; both resolved nonoperatively with the continuation of closed drainage.

Conclusions

This technique is simple and appears to reduce the risk of pancreatic leakage, possibly by decreasing the risk of suture injury of the pancreas and by embedding the transected stump into the wall of the stomach. This novel pancreaticogastrostomy technique is an effective reconstructive procedure, especially for patients with a soft, nonfibrotic pancreas.     

Ductal branch-oriented minimal pancreatectomy: Two cases of successful treatment

Two patients with intraductal papillary-mucinous adenoma of the pancreas were successfully treated by ductal branch-oriented minimal pancreatectomy. We propose this novel less invasive ductal branch-oriented pancreatectomy, as indicated for benign ductal ectasia of the pancreas. The cystically dilated branch duct is identified by intraoperative ultrasonography, intraoperative balloon pancreatography, and injection of indigocarmine into the cyst. The cystically dilated branch is resected from the surrounding pancreas together with minimal removal of the pancreatic parenchyma. The communicating duct and cutting margins are tightly ligated to prevent pancreatic juice leakage and fistula. A drainage tube is placed in the main pancreatic duct whenever possible. Histopathologic examination of the transected branch duct is necessary to check for mucosal extension of dysplastic epithelium. This ductal branch-oriented minimal pancreatectomy is the least invasive pancreatectomy and a suitable operation for branch-type ductal ectasia of the pancreas, which is usually benign.     

Risk factors of pancreatic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy

AIM: To analyze the risk factors for pancreatic leakage after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and to evaluate whether duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy could reduce the risk of pancreatic leakage. METHODS: Sixty-two patients who underwent PD at our hospital between January 2000 and November 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. The primary diseases of the patients included pancreas cancer, ampullary cancer, bile duct cancer, islet cell cancer, duodenal cancer, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic cystadenoma, and gastric cancer. Standard PD was performed for 25 cases, PD with extended lymphadenectomy for 27 cases, pylorus-preserving PD for 10 cases. A duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy was performed for patients with a hard pancreas and a dilated pancreatic duct, and a traditional end-to-end invagination pancreaticojejunostomy for patients with a soft pancreas and a non-dilated duct. Patients were divided into two groups according to the incidence of postoperative pancreaticojejunal anastomotic leakage: 10 cases with leakage and 52 cases without leakage. Seven preoperative and six intraoperative risk factors with the potential to affect the incidence of pancreatic leakage were analyzed with SPSS10.0 software. Logistic regression was then used to determine the effect of multiple factors on pancreatic leakage. RESULTS: Of the 62 patients, 10 (16.13%) were identified as having pancreatic leakage after operation. Other major postoperative complications included delayed gastric emptying (eight patients), abdominal bleeding (four patients), abdominal abscess (three patients) and wound infection (two patients). The overall surgical morbidity was 43.5% (27/62). The hospital mortality in this series was 4.84% (3/62), and the mortality associated with pancreatic fistula was 10% (1/10). Sixteen cases underwent duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy and 1 case (1/16, 6.25%) developed postoperative pancreatic leakage, 46 cases underwent invagination pancreaticojejunostomy and 9 cases (9/46, 19.6%) developed postoperative pancreatic leakage. General risk factors including patient age, gender, history of jaundice, preoperative nutrition, pathological diagnosis and the length of postoperative stay were similar in the two groups. There was no statistical difference in the incidence of pancreatic leakage between the patients who received the prophylactic use of octreotide after surgery and the patients who did not undergo somatostatin therapy. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that none of the above factors seemed to be associated with pancreatic fistula. Two intraoperative risk factors, pancreatic duct size and texture of the remnant pancreas, were found to be significantly associated with pancreatic leakage. The incidence of pancreatic leakage was 4.88% in patients with a pancreatic duct size greater than or equal to 3 mm and was 38.1% in those with ducts smaller than 3 mm (P = 0.002). The pancreatic leakage rate was 2.94% in patients with a hard pancreas and was 32.1% in those with a soft pancreas (P = 0.004). Operative time, blood loss and type of resection were similar in the two patient groups. The incidence of pancreatic leakage was 6.25% (1/16) in patients with duct-to-mucosa anastomosis, and was 19.6% (9/46) in those with traditional invagination anastomosis. Although the difference of pancreatic leakage between the two groups was obvious, no statistical significance was found. This may be due to the small number of patients with duct-to-mucosa anastomosis. By further analyzing with multivariate logistic regression, both pancreatic duct size and texture of the remnant pancreas were demonstrated to be independent risk factors (P = 0.007 and 0.017, OR = 11.87 and 15.45). Although anastomotic technique was not a significant factor, pancreatic leakage rate was much less in cases that underwent duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy. CONCLUSION: Pancreatic duct size and texture of the remnant pancreas are risk factors influencing pancreatic leakage after PD. Duct-to-mucosa pancreaticojejunostomy, as a safe and useful anastomotic technique, can reduce pancreatic leakage rate after PD.     

Pancreaticogastrostomy: a pancreas-transfixing method with duct-to-mucosa anastomosis (with video)

Pancreatic fistula still remains a persistent problem after pancreaticoduodenectomy. We have devised a pancreas-transfixing suture method of pancreaticogastrostomy with duct-to-mucosa anastomosis. This technique is simple and reduces the risk of pancreatic leakage by decreasing the risk of suture injury of the pancreas and by embedding the transected stump into the wall of the stomach. This novel technique of pancreaticogastrostomy is an effective reconstructive procedure following pancreaticoduodenectomy, especially for patients with a soft and fragile pancreas.