HBV/HCV重叠感染的研究进展

HBV是一种嗜肝DNA病毒,HBV DNA和HBV特异P蛋白由核壳包裹成为核心颗粒,再由脂蛋白外膜包裹成完整的病毒颗粒。HCV是黄病毒科病毒,为单股正链RNA。HBV和HCV均由肠道外途径传播,2种病毒常可由相同途径发生感染。归纳了HBV/HCV重叠感染的发病机制、与隐匿性HBV感染和肝细胞癌以及器官移植、HBV疫苗之间的关系,同时介绍了重叠感染的治疗。指出存在于患者体内的HBV和HCV在病毒学方面相互干扰,在病变方面相互叠加。     

HBV感染与NKT细胞功能变化研究进展

本文对乙型肝炎病毒感染与自然杀伤性T(NKT)细胞功能变化的研究进展进行了介绍,主要涉及NKTT细胞的来源和分类,及其与乙型肝炎病毒感染的关系.     

HBV/HCV重叠感染的现状与研究进展

乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)与丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)具有共同的传播途径,因此HBV/HCV重叠感染较为常见。HBV/HCV重叠感染时,两种病毒间存在相互抑制或干扰现象,加速了肝脏疾病的进展,预后不佳。为防止更严重的肝脏损伤,除了进行有效的预防外,应先针对优势病毒株及时进行有效的抗病毒治疗,并注意关注优势病毒株的转换,针对不同病毒模式的特点,及时调整治疗方案。     

HBV宫内传播的研究进展

HBV宫内感染是乙肝免疫失败的主要原因, HBV宫内传播的途径主要有胎盘途径、PBMCS途径及经生殖细胞的传播. 其中胎盘的渗漏或胎盘细胞的感染是主要的途径. 母亲血清HBV DNA含量、HBV基因型、遗传因素是影响宫内感染的主要因素. 近年来的临床研究显示孕期使用乙肝高效价免疫球蛋白或拉米夫定可以阻断大部分宫内感染, 但目前尚缺乏大样本的随机对照研究, 探索宫内感染的机制和可行的阻断措施是我国控制乙型肝炎流行的关键所在.     

HBV感染慢性化机制研究进展

本文从机体抗HBV免疫反应异常及病毒逃避机体免疫攻击的策略两个方面综述了近年来有关HBV感染慢性化机制的研究进展。     

HBV持续性感染中T细胞功能耗竭的机制研究进展

T细胞功能耗竭是HBV持续性感染的一个重要特征,由T细胞表面表达的抑制性受体、抑制性细胞及细胞因子组成的抑制性微环境在介导特异性T细胞功能耗竭中扮演着重要作用.改善或阻断这些抑制性环境相关因子有可能恢复和提高慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的耗竭的病毒特异性的T细胞功能,并最终清除患者体内的病毒.     

HBV/HCV重叠感染的抗病毒治疗

从全球范围看,乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)和丙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis C virus,HCV)重叠感染估计约有700-2000万人口感染.重叠感染和单一HBV或HCV感染比较,更易发展为肝硬化、肝细胞癌甚至肝衰竭的比例也高,HBV和HCV重叠感染可有四种不同的临床模式,即HCV活动...     

HBV感染者HCV的重叠感染关系研究

目的 研究HBV感染患者中HCV的重叠感染状况及其相互关系。 方法 采用ELISA法对767例HBV感染患者同步检测HBV和HCV血清标志物,对可疑HCV感染但抗HCV阴性和/或抗-HCV阳性患者血清,采用PCR法检测HCV-RNA。 结果 HCV重叠感染率为4.82％,且在各类乙肝患者中存在非常显著差异(P<0.01);HBV/HCV感染组重症肝炎的发生率显著高于非HCV感染组(P<0.01);HBV/HCV感染组HBsAg阳性率显著低于单纯HBV感染组(P<0.05);HBV/HCV感染组HCV-RNA阳性率显著低于单纯HCV感染组(P<0.05)。 结论 HCV重叠感染与乙肝患者的发病、病情加重及重症肝炎的发生相关;HCV可抑制或中止HBsAg携带状态,但这种作用远不如对病情的加重作用重要;同时HBV对HCV的复制亦存在抑制作用。     

HBV,HCV及其重叠感染的临床观察

作者检测３９６例各类肝病患者ＨＢＶ－Ｍ及抗－ＨＣＶ，结果表明ＨＢＶ感染最多；单纯ＨＣＶ感染少；ＨＣＶ感染多与ＨＢＶ感染同时存在。重叠感染病情重，易发生重症肝炎。ＨＣＶ未干扰ＨＢＶ复制。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染肾小管上皮细胞Toll样受体4的表达及其作用

Objective To explore the expression and role of Toll receptor 4(TLR4)in human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2,infected by HBV. Methods The serum of HBV DNA copies between 107-108/ml was collected. Before and after infected by HBV DNA positive serum. the HK-2 cells' morphology and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were observed by microscopy and immunofluorescence, and the effects of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides(U)S.TLR4-stimulating factor)and CLI-095(TLR4 Inhibitor)on the proliferation rate of HK-2 cells were observed by MTT assays. After HBV serum and 10μg/ml LPS and 5μl/ml CLI-095 acted on HK-2 cells,TLR4 protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and Western-blotting assay, and HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were detected by ELISA. and HBV DNA copies by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The longer HBV infected HK-2 cells, the more irregular of the cells' shape, the fewer number of the cells were left. But compared with HBV infected after 24 hours, α-SMA was more expressed after HBV infected 12 hours. After infected by HBV serum in 24 hours.HK-2 cells' proliferation rate was positively correlation in a dose range of LPS, but was negatively correlated with the CLI-095(P＜0.05＝.The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were largest when the LPS concentration was at 10μg/ml and CLI-095 at 5μg/ml.The expression of TLR4 significantly increased in HK-2 cells treated with LPS compared with those with CLI-095.but HBV DNA levels and HBsAg and HBeAg expression levels were lower. Conclusions HBV infection may promote cell transdifferentiation and cell injury. The stimulation of HK-2 infected with HBV by LPS may upregulate the expression of TLR4 and reduce the copies of HBV DNA.     

乙型肝炎病毒感染肾小管上皮细胞Toll样受体4的表达及其作用

Objective To explore the expression and role of Toll receptor 4(TLR4)in human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2,infected by HBV. Methods The serum of HBV DNA copies between 107-108/ml was collected. Before and after infected by HBV DNA positive serum. the HK-2 cells' morphology and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were observed by microscopy and immunofluorescence, and the effects of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides(U)S.TLR4-stimulating factor)and CLI-095(TLR4 Inhibitor)on the proliferation rate of HK-2 cells were observed by MTT assays. After HBV serum and 10μg/ml LPS and 5μl/ml CLI-095 acted on HK-2 cells,TLR4 protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and Western-blotting assay, and HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were detected by ELISA. and HBV DNA copies by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The longer HBV infected HK-2 cells, the more irregular of the cells' shape, the fewer number of the cells were left. But compared with HBV infected after 24 hours, α-SMA was more expressed after HBV infected 12 hours. After infected by HBV serum in 24 hours.HK-2 cells' proliferation rate was positively correlation in a dose range of LPS, but was negatively correlated with the CLI-095(P＜0.05＝.The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were largest when the LPS concentration was at 10μg/ml and CLI-095 at 5μg/ml.The expression of TLR4 significantly increased in HK-2 cells treated with LPS compared with those with CLI-095.but HBV DNA levels and HBsAg and HBeAg expression levels were lower. Conclusions HBV infection may promote cell transdifferentiation and cell injury. The stimulation of HK-2 infected with HBV by LPS may upregulate the expression of TLR4 and reduce the copies of HBV DNA.     

乙型肝炎病毒感染肾小管上皮细胞Toll样受体4的表达及其作用

Objective To explore the expression and role of Toll receptor 4(TLR4)in human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2,infected by HBV. Methods The serum of HBV DNA copies between 107-108/ml was collected. Before and after infected by HBV DNA positive serum. the HK-2 cells' morphology and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were observed by microscopy and immunofluorescence, and the effects of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides(U)S.TLR4-stimulating factor)and CLI-095(TLR4 Inhibitor)on the proliferation rate of HK-2 cells were observed by MTT assays. After HBV serum and 10μg/ml LPS and 5μl/ml CLI-095 acted on HK-2 cells,TLR4 protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and Western-blotting assay, and HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were detected by ELISA. and HBV DNA copies by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The longer HBV infected HK-2 cells, the more irregular of the cells' shape, the fewer number of the cells were left. But compared with HBV infected after 24 hours, α-SMA was more expressed after HBV infected 12 hours. After infected by HBV serum in 24 hours.HK-2 cells' proliferation rate was positively correlation in a dose range of LPS, but was negatively correlated with the CLI-095(P＜0.05＝.The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were largest when the LPS concentration was at 10μg/ml and CLI-095 at 5μg/ml.The expression of TLR4 significantly increased in HK-2 cells treated with LPS compared with those with CLI-095.but HBV DNA levels and HBsAg and HBeAg expression levels were lower. Conclusions HBV infection may promote cell transdifferentiation and cell injury. The stimulation of HK-2 infected with HBV by LPS may upregulate the expression of TLR4 and reduce the copies of HBV DNA.     

胎盘滋养层细胞的乙型肝炎病毒感染与宫内感染机制

目的：检测HBV对胎盘、胎肝和滋养层细胞的感染情况，探讨HBV的宫内感染机制。方法：研究对象包括20例孕妇胎盘组织、6例引产胎儿胎肝组织及体外培养的胎盘滋养层细胞。ELISA法检测孕妇外周血、胎儿脐血和6个月婴儿外周血HBV标志物；荧光定量PCR法检测血清和滋养层细胞中的HBV DNA；免疫组织化学法和免疫荧光法检测胎盘、胎肝组织及滋养层细胞中HBV标志物的表达；末端脱氧核糖核酸转移酶介导的缺口标记法（TUNEL）检测胎盘和滋养层细胞凋亡情况。结果：孕妇血清HBV DNA水平与胎儿脐血HBV DNA水平相关，脐血HBV DNA阳性者其母血HBV DNA〉1.0×10^7拷贝／mL；6例胎盘组织和3例引产胎儿胎肝组织中可见HBsAg免疫组织化学染色阳性细胞，其中1例胎肝组织中发现HBcAg阳性细胞；体外培养滋养层细胞与HBV DNA阳性血清共孵育后，可检测到HBsAg的表达，亦可检测到HBV DNA。体内和体外实验均检测到HBV感染后滋养层细胞凋亡呈增加趋势，且胎盘细胞的凋亡与脐血HBV DNA水平相关。体外实验结果显示，随感染时间的延长，滋养层细胞凋亡呈增加趋势。6个月后，12例新生儿有1例血清HBsAg、HBeAg和抗-HBc阳性，6例抗-HBs阳性。结论：HBV宫内感染的机制可能是通过HBV感染胎盘屏障而使胎儿发生HBV宫内感染。HBV在胎儿组织器官内的定位和复制可能是新生儿发生慢性HBV感染的重要因素。滋养层细胞凋亡可能是胎盘屏障阻断HBV宫内传播的一种保护性机制。     

干扰素刺激基因抗HBV感染的研究进展

HBV感染与肝硬化、肝癌及肝衰竭等不良事件密切相关,严重威胁人类健康。聚乙二醇干扰素是治疗慢性乙型肝炎不可或缺的药物,干扰素刺激基因与多种病毒感染相关,但与乙型肝炎的关系及干扰素治疗乙型肝炎后的预测作用仍较少被提及。介绍了干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎相关的预测因素,总结了干扰素刺激基因与乙型肝炎的关系及其预测作用,为临床工作及基础研究提供参考。     

Prevalence of hepatitis d virus infection among hepatitis B virus infected patients in qom province, center of iran

Background

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a defective RNA virus that depends on the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) of hepatitis B virus for its replication, developing exclusively in patients with acute or chronic hepatitis B. There are little data regarding the routes of HDV transmission in Iran. The risk factors for HDV infection in Iran are blood transfusion, surgery, family history, Hejamat wet cupping (traditional phlebotomy), tattooing, war injury, dental interventions, and endoscopy.

Objectives

We performed this study to determine the prevalence of hepatitis D in the general population of Qom province and the potential risk factors for acquiring HDV.

Patients and Methods

This cross-sectional study collected 3690 samples from 7 rural clusters and 116 urban clusters. HBs antigen was measured, and if the test was positive, anti-HDV was measured. Ten teams, each consisting of 2 trained members, were assigned to conduct the sampling and administer the questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS.

Results

Forty-eight subjects (1.3%) suffered from hepatitis B, and 1 HBsAg-positive case had HDV infection. The prevalence of hepatitis D infection in Qom Province was 0.03%. The prevalence of hepatitis D infection in HBsAg-positive cases was 2%. Our anti-HDV-positive case had a history of tattooing, surgery, and dental surgery. There was no significant relationship between tattooing, surgery history, or dental surgery and hepatitis D infection.

Conclusions

The prevalence of hepatitis D in Qom is the the lowest in Iran, similar to a study in Babol (north of Iran).     

Relationship of hepatitis B virus infection of placental barrier and hepatitis B virus intra-uterine transmission mechanism

AIM： To explore the mechanism of intra-uterine transmission, the HBV infection status of placental tissue and in vitro cultured placental trophoblastic cells was tested through in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS： A variety of methods, such as ELISA, RT- PCR, IHC staining and immunofluorescent staining were employed to test the HBV marker positive pregnant women＇s placenta and in vitro cultured placental trophoblastic cells. RESULTS： The HBV DNA levels in pregnant women＇s serum and fetal cord blood were correlated. For those cord blood samples positive for HBV DNA, their maternal blood levels of HBV DNA were at a high level. The HBsAg IHC staining positive cells could be seen in the placental tissues and the presence of HBV DNA detected. After coincubating the trophoblastic cells and HBV DNA positive serum in vitro, the expressions of both HBsAg and HBV DNA could be detected. CONCLUSION： The mechanism of HBV intra-uterine infection may be due to that HBV breaches the placental barrier and infects the fetus.     

恶性淋巴瘤患者乙型肝炎病毒感染状况分析

目的了解本院初诊非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者中乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的感染状况。方法对163例NHL患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性患者的比率。结果本组NHL患者HBsAg阳性率为20.86%,明显高于该地区普通人群(13.28%);20~50岁组患者HBsAg阳性率高于低年龄组。结论NHL患者HBsAg阳性率高于普通人群,HBV感染可能对恶性淋巴瘤的发病有一定的作用。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染肾小管上皮细胞Toll样受体4的表达及其作用

目的 探讨HBV感染人近端肾小管上皮细胞系HK-2后对其表达Toll样受体4(TLR4)的影响,并观察TLR4抗HBV感染的生物学作用.方法 收集HBV DNA拷贝在107-102/ml的患者血清,通过显微镜及免疫荧光法观察HBV阳性血清感染HK-2前、后细胞形态及α抗平滑肌抗体(α-SMA)的变化,应用MTT法检测不同浓度TLR4刺激因子(LPS)及TLR4抑制因子(CLI-095)对HK-2细胞增殖的影响.选取10 μL/ml脂多糖(LPS)及5μg/ml CLI-095作用于HBV感染的HK-2细胞,通过细胞免疫荧光技术及免疫印迹法检测HK-2细胞内TLR4蛋白的变化,ELISA法和荧光定量PCR法观测各组细胞上清液中HBsAg、HBeAg和HBV DNA含量的变化.结果 HBV分别感染HK-2细胞12 h和24 h后,随感染时间延长,细胞形态变得不规则,数量也减少.α-SMA的表达水平与感染24 h后相比,在HBV感染12 h后表达最多.LPS浓度在小于10μg/ml范围内,HBV感染HK-2细胞24 h后其增殖程度与剂量呈正相关,与CLI-095浓度呈负相关(P＜0.05).LPS组HK-2细胞TLR4蛋白的表达高于CLI-095组,其上清液中HBV DNA水平及HBsAg、HBeAg表达水平较CLI-095组降低.结论 TLR4可能通过免疫炎症反应参与抑制HK-2细胞中的HBV复制,当HBV感染肾组织细胞时可发挥抗病毒作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the expression and role of Toll receptor 4(TLR4)in human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2,infected by HBV. Methods The serum of HBV DNA copies between 107-108/ml was collected. Before and after infected by HBV DNA positive serum. the HK-2 cells' morphology and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)were observed by microscopy and immunofluorescence, and the effects of different concentrations of lipopolysaccharides(U)S.TLR4-stimulating factor)and CLI-095(TLR4 Inhibitor)on the proliferation rate of HK-2 cells were observed by MTT assays. After HBV serum and 10μg/ml LPS and 5μl/ml CLI-095 acted on HK-2 cells,TLR4 protein expression was measured by immunofluorescence and Western-blotting assay, and HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were detected by ELISA. and HBV DNA copies by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results The longer HBV infected HK-2 cells, the more irregular of the cells' shape, the fewer number of the cells were left. But compared with HBV infected after 24 hours, α-SMA was more expressed after HBV infected 12 hours. After infected by HBV serum in 24 hours.HK-2 cells' proliferation rate was positively correlation in a dose range of LPS, but was negatively correlated with the CLI-095(P＜0.05＝.The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in cell culture medium were largest when the LPS concentration was at 10μg/ml and CLI-095 at 5μg/ml.The expression of TLR4 significantly increased in HK-2 cells treated with LPS compared with those with CLI-095.but HBV DNA levels and HBsAg and HBeAg expression levels were lower. Conclusions HBV infection may promote cell transdifferentiation and cell injury. The stimulation of HK-2 infected with HBV by LPS may upregulate the expression of TLR4 and reduce the copies of HBV DNA.