经纤维支气管镜氩离子凝固治疗气道狭窄

氩离子凝固(APC)又称氩气刀，是一种应用高频电流将氩气流电离，以非接触性方式达到组织凝固的方法。将氩离子用导管经纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)导入气道内对病灶进行治疗称为经纤支镜APC治疗。我科应用APC治疗了18例气道狭窄患，现报道如下。     

氩气刀联合高频电刀及冷冻刀治疗气道狭窄的临床疗效

目的观察电子支气管镜下氩气刀联合高频电刀及冷冻刀治疗良恶性肿瘤所致气道狭窄的临床疗效。方法对33例良恶性肿瘤导致气道阻塞患者,经电子支气管镜下进行氩气刀、高频电刀及冷冻刀治疗,观察疗效和并发症的发生率。结果 33例患者共进行63次治疗,近期完全有效10例(30.3%),部分有效9例(27.3%),轻度有效12例(36.4%),无效2例(6.0%),33例患者中,术后12例出现痰血,6例出现38.0℃以下低热,无气胸、纵隔气肿、大咯血等严重并发症。结论支气管镜下氩气刀联合高频电刀及冷冻刀治疗良恶性肿瘤引起的气道阻塞疗效显著,对良性肿瘤避免了开胸手术,可达到临床根治;对恶性肿瘤疗效直接,是非常有效的姑息治疗手段。     

氩气刀联合高频电刀或冷冻治疗恶性气道狭窄的疗效

目的评价氩气刀联合高频电刀或冷冻治疗恶性气道狭窄的临床疗效。方法 65例恶性中心气道狭窄患者根据介入治疗方法不同分为两组,高频电刀组32例接受氩气刀联合高频电刀治疗,冷冻组33例接受氩气刀联合冷冻治疗。观察两组气道直径、气道横截面积、血气分析、气促指数、1 s用力呼气容积、用力肺活量和整体生活质量卡氏功能状态(KPS)评分。结果冷冻组治疗后5 d气道直径增加值和气道横截面积增加率显著高于高频电刀组(P0.01);治疗后两组动脉血氧分压、血氧饱和度、1 s用力呼气容积和用力肺活量均显著高于治疗前,动脉血二氧化碳分压显著低于治疗前(P0.01),两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);两组治疗后气促指数均显著低于治疗前(P0.01),两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组组内及组间整体生活质量KPS评分和实体瘤疗效差异无统计学意义(P0.05),两组并发症发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论氩气刀联合高频电刀与氩气刀联合冷冻治疗均能快速有效缓解恶性中央气道狭窄,两种联合治疗方法的疗效相近。     

经纤维支气管镜高频电刀治疗气道内良恶性狭窄10例

目的探讨经支气管镜高频电刀治疗气道内良恶性狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法对10例气道内良恶性狭窄患者经支气管镜高频电灼扩大管腔．观察近期疗效、远期疗效及安全性。结果10例病人治疗后完全通畅率53．8％。总有效率92．3％。3例5次阻塞性肺不张得到缓解,4例6次阻塞性肺炎好转;治疗前气促指数为（3．21±0.51）,FVC（2．58±0.41）L,FEV1（1．63±0．25）L,治疗后气促指数为（1．51±0.60）．FVC（3．05±0．32）L,FEV1（1．71±0．27）L,治疗前后差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．005）。高频电刀治疗并配合放化疗可提高病人中位生存期．无出血、气胸、纵隔气肿、气管食管瘘及气管内烧伤、感染等并发症发生。结论经支气管镜高频电刀治疗气道内良恶性狭窄疗效好、并发症少,可替代部分外科手术,值得临床广泛应用。     

高频电切联合氩离子凝固术在治疗胃多发息肉中的应用

目的:探讨经内镜高频电切联合氩离子凝固术(argon plasma coagulation,APC)治疗胃多发息肉的实用价值.方法:分别用高频电切联合氩离子凝固术(A组)与高频电切联合电凝(B组)治疗胃多发息肉70例患者.分析比较两组患者的基本资料及治疗效果.结果:70例患者共356枚息肉,经高频电切联合氩离子凝固术36例(A组,182枚,其中山田Ⅰ-Ⅱ型151枚,山田Ⅲ-Ⅳ型31枚)均一次性顺利切(灼)除,经内镜高频电切联合电凝34例(B组,174枚,其中山田Ⅰ-Ⅱ型146枚,山田Ⅲ-Ⅳ型28枚)其中25例(145枚)息肉一次性顺利切(灼)除,另9例(29枚)出血需钛夹止血.A组治疗过程中止血效果明显优于B组(χ2 = 33.02,P<0.01).结论:经内镜高频电切联合氩离子凝固术效确切,操作简便、安全性好、不良反应少,耗时少,优于高频电切联合电凝治疗,有较高的临床推广价值.     

支气管镜高频电加冷冻治疗气管插管后狭窄6例

目的探讨喉罩通气全麻下经支气管镜应用高频电加冷冻治疗气管插管后狭窄患者的方法、疗效、安全性。方法对6例气管插管后狭窄的患者采用静脉全麻后再插入喉罩,在机械通气下经支气管镜先应用高频电治疗后再结合冷冻对气管狭窄进行治疗。结果 6例患者平均应用高频电刀治疗1~2次,冷冻治疗1~2次,呼吸困难均在首次治疗后缓解,治疗两月后复查气管镜未再出现狭窄。术中有少许出血,一过性低氧。结论喉罩通气全麻下经支气管镜高频电加冷冻治疗气管插管后狭窄,疗效显著,患者痛苦小,初期采用高频电能快速消除增生组织,缓解症状,后配合冷冻治疗,可有效防止复发,可达治愈效果。     

经支气管镜氩气刀治疗气道狭窄临床观察

目的 探讨经支气管镜氩气刀治疗在气道狭窄的作用及安全性评价.方法 对140 例确诊为中心气道狭窄的患者,在积极治疗原发病的同时,经支气管镜引导进行氩离子凝固术APC.根据狭窄再通和气促评分情况评价疗效.结果 经支气管镜介入治疗1 个月后评价疗效.完全有效62 例(44.3%),部分有效55例(39.3 %),轻度有效2...     

氩离子凝固术联合高频电切术治疗结直肠息肉102例

2003年7月～2006年2月,我们应用氩离子凝固术（APC技术）联合高频电切术治疗结直肠息肉102例,效果满意.现报告如下.     

内镜下氩离子凝固术治疗Barrett食管

目的对氩离子凝固术（APC）治疗Barrett食管（BE）的疗效进行前瞻性评估。方法选择2004年3月至2005年1月经胃镜检查、病理证实的15例BE患者进行60WAPC治疗，术后予质子泵抑制剂辅助治疗。对其疗程、疗效、并发症进行评估。结果15例均完成治疗，平均随访期为13．2个月。12例仅需1次APC治疗即获得消除，3例需2次治疗，平均烧灼次数为1．2次。8例治疗期间有轻度并发症，其中7例为胸骨后疼痛，1例治疗后出现轻度吞咽困难，未予手术治疗，半年后逐步缓解。1例在BE完全消除后6个月再现肠上皮化生，该例患者再次予以APC治疗，之后6个月内2次胃镜检查未发现复发，治疗总有效率为93％。结论APC治疗是一种安全、有效的治疗BE的方法。     

经支气管镜冷冻联合氩气刀治疗支气管结核28例临床分析

目的探讨经支气管镜介入冷冻联合氩气刀治疗结核性大气道狭窄的疗效。方法对28例支气管结核患者的狭窄气道进行冷冻联合氩气刀治疗,比较治疗前后的临床表现、影像学及镜下改变等指标来进行疗效评价。结果 28例患者经过平均1.6个月和平均4.7次/人的治疗,完全有效57.1%(16/28),部分有效35.7%(10/28),轻度有效7.1%(2/28),无效0例。术中有2例出现气胸,其余的未见明显不良反应,经过1～4月的随访,4例出现再次狭窄而采取支架植入治疗,长期有效率达71.4%(20/28)。结论冷冻联合氩气刀治疗支气管结核是一项安全、有效、简便的支气管治疗方法。     

经电子支气管镜氩气刀治疗气道狭窄的探讨

目的探讨经电子支气管镜氩等离子体凝固疗法（氩气刀）治疗气道狭窄的疗效及安全性。方法采用德国ER-BE公司生产的APC300型内镜专用氩气刀,经电子支气管镜对66例气道狭窄患者进行氩气刀治疗。其中恶性肿瘤41例（肺癌32例,甲状腺癌侵及气管1例,食道癌侵及气管6例,肺转移癌2例）;支气管内膜结核9例;气道良性肿瘤2例（气管多形性腺瘤及气管平滑肌瘤各1例）;炎性肉芽组织增生14例。以病变处狭窄获得再通、临床症状改善进行疗效评价。结果66例进行了182次氩气刀治疗（28例1次,30例2-4次,8例5次以上）。显效及部分有效51例（77.27％）,轻度有效14例（21.21％）,无效1例。结论氩气刀治疗气道狭窄疗效佳,并发症少,安全性好,有较高的临床推广价值。     

In vitro study of the safety limits of bronchoscopic argon plasma coagulation in the presence of airway stents

OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to identify the safety limits of bronchoscopic argon plasma coagulation (APC) around indwelling airway stents. METHODOLOGY: This is an experimental in vitro study simulating a patient-care environment. Uncovered and covered Nitinol (Ultraflex), uncovered and covered Wallstent and studded silicone stents were deployed in the tracheobronchial tree of a ventilated and oxygenated heart-lung block from an expired pig. APC was performed at power settings of 40 and 80 W using F(I)O(2) of 0.21, 0.40 and 1.00 and an argon gas-flow rate of 0.8 L/min through a flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. The primary outcome was the time taken for the APC to cause stent damage. Stent damage was defined as discoloration, ignition or rupture. RESULTS: Airway fires involving all five stents consistently occurred in the presence of 100% oxygen at powers of 40 W and 80 W. At lower F(I)O(2) (0.21 and 0.40) silicone stents were not damaged at 40 W and 80 W. Uncovered Ultraflex stents were undamaged using 40 W at either F(I)O(2) (0.21 and 0.40), but could be damaged using both F(I)O(2) levels when the power was increased to 80 W. Covered Ultraflex and both uncovered and covered Wallstents were damaged at both power settings (40 W and 80 W) and F(I)O(2) (0.21 and 0.40) levels, with a trend towards earlier damage using higher F(I)O(2) and power. CONCLUSION: Working within the parameters identified in this study (power 40 W, F(I)O(2) 0.21, APC flow-rate 0.8 L/min), APC is a safe method for tissue devitalization and destruction and avoids the risk of airway stent ignition, especially if short bursts of APC are employed. The safety limits identified using an F(i)O(2) of 0.4, however, are also important because some patients undergoing resection may require oxygen therapy.     

氩等离子体凝固和冷冻序贯治疗支气管结核

目的 探讨经支气管镜行氩等离子体凝固和冷冻序贯治疗支气管结核的临床疗效和安全性。 方法 将经痰或支气管肺泡灌洗液抗酸染色涂片、培养,影像学和支气管镜检查及病理结果确诊36例支气管结核患者纳入观察范围,常规抗结核化疗基础上,在支气管镜下行氩等离子体凝固和冷冻序贯治疗,并追踪观察治疗结果。以患者治疗后的主要症状、体征缓解情况,胸部X线或CT扫描,支气管镜复查观察病灶大小、气道黏膜、管腔通畅情况为疗效判断依据,评价治疗结果,同时观察不良反应及并发症。 结果 36例支气管结核患者行氩等离子体凝固序贯冷冻治疗,平均治疗(4±2)次/例,完全有效24例(66.7%),部分有效10例(27.8%),轻度有效2例(5.6%)。所有病例未见严重不良反应及并发症。 结论 氩等离子体凝固和冷冻序贯治疗支气管结核不但可以快速使气道恢复通畅,缓解病人临床症状,还可有效地控制肉芽增生,使治疗后的局部组织创面光滑。氩等离子体凝固和冷冻序贯治疗支气管结核是一种无明显并发症和不良反应,安全有效的方法。     

经气管镜下APC联合冷冻治疗中央气道病变腔内生长的临床研究

目的探究经气管镜下氩等离子体凝固(APC)联合冷冻治疗中央气道病变腔内生长的临床效果。方法选取2019年1月开始到6月在韶关市第一人民医院诊断及拟行APC联合冷冻治疗的中央气道病变患者30例,采用APC联合冷冻治疗,对比患者治疗前后肺功能,包括:用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV 1)、FEV 1/FVC;动脉血气指标,包括:氧分压(PaO 2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO 2);6分钟步行实验结果(6MWD);气管狭窄程度及气促指数。结果治疗前后患者的FVC无明显差异(P>0.05),治疗后患者的FEV 1%及FEV 1/FVC均较治疗前显著提高(P<0.05),治疗后患者的PaO 2水平较治疗前显著提高且PaCO 2显著下降(P<0.05),治疗后6MWD距离较治疗前显著提高(P<0.05),治疗后患者气管狭窄程度及气促指数分级显著优于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论经气管镜下APC联合冷冻治疗中央气道病变腔内生长的效果显著。     

Barrett''s esophagus: combined treatment using argon plasma coagulation and laparoscopic antireflux surgery

The treatment of Barrett's esophagus is still controversial. Actually, the only method to prevent the development to cancer is endoscopic surveillance, which ensures good results in terms of long-term survival. An ideal treatment capable of destroying columnar metaplasia, followed by squamous epithelium regeneration could potentially result in a decrease of the incidence of adenocarcinoma. Recently most ablative techniques were used, such as photodynamic therapy, ablation therapy with Nd-YAG laser or argon plasma coagulation and endoscopic mucosal resection. We started a prospective study in January 1998, enrolling 94 patients affected by Barrett's esophagus and candidates for antireflux repair in order to assess the effectiveness and the results of endoscopic coagulation with argon plasma combined with surgery in the treatment of uncomplicated Barrett's esophagus. All patients underwent endoscopic treatment with argon plasma; we observed complete response in 68 patients (72.34%), 27 of them (39.7%) underwent antireflux surgery and the other 41 continued medical therapy. Post-operatively 19 patients (70%) underwent regular surveillance endoscopies and in two cases metaplasia recurred. The final objective of these combined treatments should be the complete eradication of metaplastic mucosa. Our experience was that argon plasma coagulation combined with antireflux surgery or proton pump inhibitor therapy gave satisfactory results, even if follow-up is too short to evaluate the potential evolution of metaplasia to cancer. For this reason, we recommend that this technique should be done only in specialized centres and that these patients continue their endoscopic surveillance program.     

Remarkable effectiveness of endoscopic argon plasma coagulation against diffuse antral vascular ectasia

A 49‐year‐old woman had been suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis and serious anemia (Hb 5.0 g/dL) since January 1998 and had frequent blood transfusions. Epigastric distress appeared in January 2001, and she was referred to Shin‐Kokura Hospital on 6 July of the same year. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed mucosal redness circumferentially encompassing the area from the antrum of the stomach to the prepyloric ring, and telangiectasia was observed at a proximal view over the affected part. A diagnosis of diffuse antral vascular ectasia (DAVE) was made after a histological study by biopsy revealed telangiectasia and stasis at the lamina propria. Endoscopic cauterization was conducted by argon plasma coagulation (APC) in three consecutive sessions. Endoscopy and biopsy carried out at 1 month after completion of the APC therapy showed that the lesion had completely healed. Subsequently, the anemia improved. The results suggest that APC is a reliable and safe method of endoscopic treatment for diffuse mucosal hemorrhagic lesion, including DAVE.