结核病对2019冠状病毒病患者病情和病毒核酸转阴影响的初步分析

目的通过比较2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)患者合并与不合并结核病两组的临床特征、实验室检查结果及病毒核酸转阴时间,明确结核病是否会加重COVID-19患者病情和延长病毒核酸转阴时间。方法收集2020年10月—2021年1月青岛市明确诊断为COVID-19感染患者的人口学特征和临床变量。按COVID-19患者是否合并结核病进行分组,比较两组患者的人口学特征、实验室检查结果及核酸转阴时间等临床变量,分析结核病对COVID-19患者病情和核酸转阴的影响。结果共纳入COVID-19患者42例,其中合并结核病患者共8例。COVID-19患者合并结核病所占比例较合并高血压、糖尿病等慢性基础疾病高(19.0%对16.7%对14.3%)。所有患者中常见的症状为咳嗽(33.3%)和发热(28.6%),且咳嗽和发热在COVID-19合并结核病组患者中更常见,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COVID-19合并结核病组的淋巴细胞计数、辅助T细胞数(CD3、CD4)及CD4/CD8均较COVID-19组低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。重症患者在COVID-19合并结核病组中所占比率(27.5%)明显高于无结核病组(2.9%),且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COVID-19合并结核病患者的核酸转阴时间比无结核病患者明显延长(23.5 d对16.5 d),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论结核病加重了COVID-19患者病情,延长了患者核酸转阴时间。因此,在COVID-19大流行时期应加强对COVID-19患者结核感染的筛查,加强对结核病患者的管理和治疗。     

224例新型冠状病毒肺炎抗病毒疗效的回顾性分析

目的 评价不同抗病毒方案对治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2020年1月24日—3月7日重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心收治的确诊为COVID-19患者的临床资料.比较不同抗病毒治疗方案在临床疗效及安全性方面是否存在差异.结果 224例COVID-19住院患者纳入研究,男107例(47.8...     

妊娠合并新型冠状病毒肺炎临床特征分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的流行病学特点、临床特征及诊断。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月15日至2020年2月15日在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院收治的22例妊娠合并COVID-19患者的临床资料,分析其流行病学特点、临床及放射学特征和实验室数据。结果:22例患者临床表现中有发热10例(45.45%)、咳嗽5例(22.73%)、呼吸急促1例(4.55%)和腹泻1例(4.55%)。21例(95.45%)为普通型,1例(4.55%)为重型。实验室检查中,淋巴细胞降低14例(63.64%),D-二聚体增高22例(100%)。胸部CT检查均示典型的COVID-19表现,病原学核酸检测阳性率40.91%(9/22)。结论:孕妇患COVID-19的临床特征和实验室检查与非妊娠成人患者相似,相对于病原学检查,胸部CT检查快速安全且敏感性高,更适合COVID-19流行地区产科急诊住院患者的初筛,同时能监测病情进展,有助于COVID-19孕妇的筛查、诊断及监测。     

新型冠状病毒感染急性呼吸窘迫综合征87例临床特征及预后相关因素分析

目的 了解2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)中急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的临床特征,探讨COVID-19中ARDS患者死亡危险因素.方法 回顾性分析2020年1月10日—2月22日武汉市中心医院收治的87例确诊COVID-19 ARDS患者临床资料,了解COVID-19 ARDS患者临床特征;根据预后情况(...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎合并妊娠病例的临床与实验室指标分析

继2002年暴发的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒(SARS-CoV)和2012年暴发的中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒(MERS-CoV)之后,新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)是引发人类重症肺炎的第3种跨物种屏障的致病冠状病毒[1]。2020年3月11日,世界卫生组织宣布新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是全球性流行病事件。根据国家卫生健康委员会办公厅国家中医药管理局办公室发布的《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版)》,COVID-19患者的临床表现以发热、咳嗽、乏力为主,疾病早期白细胞计数及淋巴细胞计数正常或减少,肺部呈特征性影像学改变。危重型COVID-19患者可出现休克、呼吸衰竭、多器官功能衰竭。本文通过对3例妊娠合并COVID-19病例的临床特征、实验室检查结果、干预策略及妊娠结局进行分析,以期为临床医生诊断和治疗妊娠合并COVID-19患者提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎合并细菌及真菌感染的诊疗特点

目的 回顾分析本院收治的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)合并细菌及真菌感染患者的炎症指标、感染菌株分布及药敏情况,为COVID-19合并细菌感染患者的诊治提供依据.方法 收集2020年1月23日至4月22日期间本院收治的、进行细菌及真菌培养的125例COVID-19患者病例资料,并对其炎症指标(WBC、CRP、PC...     

新冠肺炎疫情期间糖尿病患者中西医结合管理建议

2019年底我国湖北省爆发了新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情,近期已在世界多国传播,其传染性强,治疗难度大,严重威胁民众健康。从此次疫情数据来看,糖尿病患者的COVID-19的患病率、重症率和病死率相对正常人明显偏高,因此科学有效的管理对于加强疫情期间糖尿病患者病情转归和预后极其重要。中西医结合治疗在本次抗击疫情中疗效明显,得到社会各界的认可,因此笔者从中西医结合角度出发,阐述糖尿病患者易感COVID-19的原因,分析中西医管理的必要性,对合并COVID-19的糖尿病住院患者及未合并COVID-19的非住院患者的管理提出建议,为糖尿病临床管理提供参考。     

炎症指标及血常规在新型冠状病毒肺炎患者病程中的水平变化及应用价值

目的探讨炎症指标及血常规在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者病程中的水平变化及应用价值。方法选取145例COVID-19确诊患者作为确诊组,根据COVID-19临床分型标准又将确诊组患者分为普通型组113例,重型组27例,危重型组5例。另选取84例在发热门诊就诊和在隔离病区观察,且已排除COVID-19的患者作为对照组。比较不同临床分型患者在疾病不同时期的血常规、炎症指标;分析合并呼吸道细菌感染的COVID-19患者血常规、炎症指标在疾病不同时期的变化情况。结果与对照组比较,确诊组白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞计数(NEUT)和淋巴细胞计数(LYM)水平明显降低(P<0.05),C反应蛋白(CRP)和血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)水平明显升高(P<0.05)。普通型组与重型组转归期WBC、LYM水平较急性期升高(P<0.05)。普通型组转归期CRP、SAA水平明显低于急性期(P<0.05);重型组恢复期CRP和SAA水平低于转归期与急性期(P<0.05),转归期CRP和SAA水平低于急性期(P<0.05)。4例合并呼吸道细菌感染的COVID-19患者WBC、NEUT、LYM、CRP及降钙素原水平在加重期升高,恢复期下降,SAA水平则呈逐渐下降趋势。结论LYM、WBC、CRP和SAA水平在一定程度上可反映COVID-19不同分型患者的疾病转归情况及治疗效果。危重型、重型COVID-19患者容易合并呼吸道细菌感染。     

江苏省扬州市德尔塔毒株新型冠状病毒肺炎患者早期临床特征分析

目的 分析确诊感染德尔塔(Delta)毒株新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的流行病学特点、临床特征和辅助检查结果.方法 纳入2021年7月29日-8月16日在扬州市苏北人民医院发热门诊确诊的75例Delta毒株COVID-19患者,并与2020年2月扬州市37例确诊原始毒株COVID-19患者进行比较,包括流行病学特点、临床特征和辅助检查结果.结果 75例Delta毒株感染患者中,男26例,女49例,中位年龄50.7(35.0,67.0)岁,其中41 ～64岁者24例(32.0％),≥65岁者28例(37.3％);原始毒株感染患者中位年龄46.2(36.5,55.5)岁,其中41 ～64岁者20例(54.1％).47例(62.7％)确诊Delta毒株COVID-19患者曾接种过1～3针疫苗,66例(88.0％)患者行初步流行病学调查后有明确的接触史,而34例(91.9％)原始毒株感染患者有明确接触史.5例Delta毒株感染患者无临床症状,54例(72.0％)有不同程度的发热,39例(52.0％)有咳嗽、咽痛、鼻塞、流涕等呼吸道症状,21例(28.0％)有神经系统症状.就诊时病程＞48 h患者年龄大于病程＜24 h患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).病程＞48 h患者单核细胞计数低于病程＜24 h患者,病程＞48 h患者血小板计数低于病程＜24h及24～ 48 h患者,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).就诊时病程24～48 h以及＞48 h患者胸部CT特征性炎症检出率高于病程＜24 h患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).不同病程患者咽拭子核酸开放阅读框基因、核壳蛋白基因Ct值无差异.结论 扬州市Delta毒株COVID-19患者以中老年人为主,首发症状多为发热及呼吸道症状.与COVID-19原始毒株相比,Delta毒株感染患者神经系统症状高发,肺部病灶进展迅速,建议早期诊治.     

54例2型糖尿病患者合并新型冠状病毒感染的死亡原因分析

目的研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者合并新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)的死亡患者的临床特点及死亡的可能影响因素。方法回顾性分析2022年12月至2023年2月扬州大学临床医学院T2DM合并COVID-19患者在住院期间发生死亡的情况,详细记录患者一般资料及实验室检查资料,并对患者入院初期的检测指标与入院终末期复查指标进行对比。结果54例死亡患者平均年龄为(74.31±10.64)岁;50例(92.6%)合并其他基础疾病,74%的患者合并2种以上基础疾病。与入院初期检查结果相比,死亡前最后一次血糖、酸碱度、红细胞计数、白蛋白、球蛋白明显下降。二氧化碳分压(PCO_(2))、乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、血钠、肌红蛋白、凝血酶原时间、降钙素原、C反应蛋白、D-二聚体明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。54例死亡患者中有96.3%的患者胸部CT影像学改变为双肺存在大片斑片状阴影及磨玻璃样影,81.5%的患者同时合并双肺胸腔积液。Logistic回归分析结果表明,PCO_(2)、LDH是T2DM合并COVID-19患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论T2DM合并COVID-19患者预后不佳,PCO_(2)、LDH是影响T2DM合并COVID-19患者死亡的独立危险因素。     

Incidence of acute exacerbation in patients with interstitial lung disease after COVID-19 vaccination

Acute exacerbations due to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) have been reported, but their incidence is unknown. We investigated the incidence of exacerbations of ILD and respiratory symptoms due to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. A questionnaire survey was conducted on adverse reactions to the mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in 545 patients with ILD attending our hospital and retrospectively examined whether the eligible patients actually developed acute exacerbations of ILD induced by the vaccine. Of the 545 patients, 17 (3.1%) patients were aware of the exacerbation of respiratory symptoms, and four (0.7%) patients developed an acute ILD exacerbation after vaccination. Of the four patients who experienced exacerbations, two had collagen vascular disease-associated ILD, one had nonspecific interstitial pneumonia, another had unclassifiable idiopathic pneumonia, and none had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Four patients were treated using steroid pulse therapy with a steroid taper, and two of the four also received intravenous cyclophosphamide pulse therapy. Tacrolimus was started in one patient with myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Eventually, all patients exhibited improvement with immunosuppressive treatment and were discharged. COVID-19 vaccination for patients with ILD should be noted for developing acute exacerbations of ILD with low incidence, although manageable with early diagnosis and treatment.     

Neurologic complications of COVID-19

BackgroundMuch of the focus regarding the global pandemic of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has been on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and hematologic complications. However, neurologic complications have arisen as an increasingly recognized area of morbidity and mortality.ObjectiveThis brief report summarizes the neurologic complications associated with COVID-19 with an emphasis on the emergency medicine clinician.DiscussionCOVID-19 has infected over 3.5 million people and killed over 240,000 people worldwide. While pulmonary complications are profound, the neurologic system is also significantly impacted, with complications including acute cerebrovascular events, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Additionally, patients on immunosuppressive medications for pre-existing neurologic issues are at an increased risk for complications with COVID-19 infection, and many of the currently proposed COVID-19 therapies can interact with these medications.ConclusionsWhen caring for COVID-19 patients, emergency medicine clinicians should be aware of the neurologic complications from COVID-19.     

Adverse events and complications among patients admitted to hospital in the home directly from the emergency department

Introduction: The nature and incidence of adverse events and complications among patients admitted from the emergency department to hospital in the home has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate this problem and make recommendations for prevention strategies. Methods: This was an explicit retrospective chart review of patients admitted from the emergency department directly to hospital in the home between 22 February 1995 and 1 September 2000. A data extraction document was designed specifically for the study and used to extract data relating to patient demographics, diagnosis, past medical history and outcome. The outcomes of interest include adverse events, complications and death. An adverse effect is defined as an unintended injury or complication that results in disability, death or prolonged hospital stay and is caused by health care management. These adverse events may occur prior to or during the index admission and may be noted during or after the index admission. A complication is defined as an undesirable outcome that occurs during the management but not causing disability, death or prolonged hospital stay. Results: Three hundred and fifty‐seven patients were enrolled (51.3% male; median age 52 years, range 16–96 years). Fifty‐five adverse events were identified: 49 adverse events (89%) were due to management prior to hospital in the home admission and six adverse events (10.9%) were directly attributable to hospital in the home management. This represents a rate of 1.7 adverse events per 100 hospital in the home admissions directly attributable to hospital in the home management. One hundred and eighteen complications were identified. Most complications were easily managed. Thirty‐one patients had unplanned re‐admissions and two patients died within 28 days of hospital in the home admission. Conclusion: Most patients admitted to hospital in the home from the emergency department were managed successfully. Few adverse events arose from hospital in the home treatment. Complications were common but minor in nature. Strategies for the prevention of phlebitis and constipation are recommended.     

Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19

BackgroundThe coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While systemic inflammation and pulmonary complications can result in significant morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular complications may also occur.ObjectiveThis brief report evaluates cardiovascular complications in the setting of COVID-19 infection.DiscussionThe current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over one million infected worldwide and thousands of death. The virus binds and enters through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). COVID-19 can result in systemic inflammation, multiorgan dysfunction, and critical illness. The cardiovascular system is also affected, with complications including myocardial injury, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, and venous thromboembolic events. Current therapies for COVID-19 may interact with cardiovascular medications.ConclusionsEmergency clinicians should be aware of these cardiovascular complications when evaluating and managing the patient with COVID-19.     

Nursing evaluation during treatment with helmet continuous positive airway pressure in patients with respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia: A case series

BackgroundDuring COVID-19 outbreak, with the increasing number of patients presenting with acute respiratory failure, a large use of non invasive positive pressure ventilation was done in the emergency departments and medical wards despite the lack of recommendations.ObjectivesThis study describes the clinical characteristics of patients presenting to the hospital with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 related pneumonia undergoing treatment with helmet continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) with a strict nursing evaluation and monitoring.MethodsA case series study enrolling adult patients admitted to an emergency department of an Italian hospital with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia from March 18th to April 18th, 2020, was conducted. Only patients who strictly followed a local CPAP protocol were enrolled.ResultsA total of 52 patients were included in this study. Thirty-eight patients (73%) were judged eligible for endotracheal intubation (ETI). Eighteen (34.6%) were intubated. Sixteen (30.8%) patients died: seven (38.9%) and nine (26.5%) in the eligible-for-ETI and non eligible-for-ETI group, respectively. The median hospital length of stay was different in the ETI and non-ETI group: 26 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 16–37) vs 15 days [IQR 9–17] (p = 0.005). The median invasive mechanical ventilation time was 11 days [IQR 7–21] with an ICU length of stay of 14.5 days [IQR 10–28]. During the CPAP trial, among patients eligible for ETI variations over time for positive end-expiratory pressure (p = 0.003) and respiratory rate (p = 0.059) were found between intubated and non-intubated patients.ConclusionsA short closed monitored CPAP trial could be considered for acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia before considering ETI. A progressive positive end-expiratory pressure titration should target reduction in a patient’s respiratory rate. More studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy and predictors of failure of CPAP and non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia.     

A comparative analysis of the outcomes of patients with influenza or COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Belgium

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a global health problem, associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 or with seasonal influenza in a teaching hospital in Belgium.MethodsIn this retrospective, single-center cohort study, 1384 patients with COVID-19 and 226 patients with influenza were matched using a propensity score with a ratio of 3:1. Primary outcomes included admission to intensive care unit (ICU), intubation rates, hospital length of stay, readmissions within 30 days and in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included pulmonary bacterial superinfection, cardiovascular complications and ECMO.ResultsBased on the analysis of the matched sample, patients with influenza had an increased risk of readmission within 30 days (Risk Difference (RD): 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.11) and admission to intensive care unit (RD: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.15) compared with those with COVID-19. Patients with influenza had also more pulmonary bacterial superinfections (46.2% vs 7.4%) and more cardiovascular complications (32% vs 3.9%) than patients with COVID-19.However, a two-fold increased risk of mortality (RD: ?0.10, 95% CI: 0.15 to ?0.05) was observed in COVID-19 compared to influenza. ECMO was also more required among the COVID-19 patients who died than among influenza patients (5% vs 0%).ConclusionsCOVID-19 is associated with a higher in-hospital mortality compared to influenza infection, despite a high rate of ICU admission in the influenza group. These findings highlighted that the severity of hospitalized patients with influenza should not be underestimated.     

肾替代疗法序贯利尿剂持续输注在急性心肾综合征中的应用分析

目的 探讨肾替代疗法(RRT)序贯持续输注利尿剂对心血管外科围手术期急性心肾综合征(CRS)患者的影响. 方法 回顾性分析青岛市市立医院心脏病中心ICU自2014年11月至2019年12月收治的286例急性CRS患者的病历资料,其中行RRT序贯持续输注利尿剂治疗的106例患者纳入观察组,同期行连续RRT的180例患者纳...     

Evaluating the effect of SARS-Cov-2 infection on prognosis and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis

IntroductionAcute pancreatitis (AP) is the leading cause of hospitalization among gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of our study is to compare the results between AP patients with and without COVID−19, and to reveal the effects of COVID−19 on the course, intensive care needs and mortality of AP patients.Material methodsThis was a single-center, retrospective and observational study. Patients over 18 years of age, who were diagnosed with AP during the current pandemic. According to the RT-PCR test result, patients were divided into two groups: COVID-19 positive and COVID-19 negative. Gender, age, laboratory parameters, intensive care unit admission, length of hospital stay, severity and mortality of AP were compared between these two groups.ResultsWe reviewed 562 patients presenting to the emergency department who were diagnosed with acute pancreatitis between 10.03.2020 and 31.12.2020 and included 189 patients in our study. Positive patients need for intensive care (7.23%) were higher compared to negative patients (0.94%). 32.53% of positive patients and 14.15% of negative patients had severe AP (p < 0.03). We established that being COVID-19 positive, CCI scores of ≥5, presence of COVID-19 compatible pneumonia on CT and BISAP scores had an effect on mortality (p < 0,05).ConclusionThe severity and mortality of AP increase in patients with both AP and COVID-19. This rate increases even more in the presence of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. We believe that new strategies should be developed for the follow-up and treatment of patients with both these conditions.     

Decúbito prono en pacientes COVID-19 con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo y ventilación mecánica invasiva

ObjectiveTo identify adverse events related to prone positioning in COVID-19 patients with severe disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome, to analyze the risk factors associated with the development of anterior pressure ulcers, to determine whether the recommendation of prone positioning is associated with improved clinical outcomes.MethodsRetrospective study performed in 63 consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to intensive care unit on invasive mechanical ventilation and treated with prone positioning between March and April 2020. Association between prone-related pressure ulcers and selected variables was explored by the means of logistic regression.ResultsA total of 139 proning cycles were performed. The mean number of cycles were 2 [1-3] and the mean duration per cycle was of 22 hours [15-24]. The prevalence of adverse events this population was 84.9%, being the physiologic ones (i.e., hypo/hypertension) the most prevalent. 29 out of 63 patients (46%) developed prone-related pressure ulcers. The risk factors for prone-related pressure ulcers were older age, hypertension, levels of pre-albumin < 21 mg/dL, the number of proning cycles and severe disease. We observed a significant increase in the PaO2/FiO2 at different time points during the prone positioning, and a significant decrease after it.ConclusionsThere is a high incidence of adverse events due to PD, with the physiological type being the most frequent. The identification of the main risk factors for the development of prone-related pressure ulcers will help to prevent the occurrence of these lesions during the prone positioning. Prone positioning offered an improvement in the oxygenation in these patients.     

The effects of nurse staffing on adverse events,morbidity, mortality,and medical costs

BACKGROUND: Nurse staffing levels are an important working condition issue for nurses and believed to be a determinant of the quality of nursing care and patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of nurse staffing on adverse events, morbidity, mortality, and medical costs. METHODS: Using two existing databases, the study sample included 232 acute care California hospitals and 124,204 patients in 20 surgical diagnosis-related groups. The adverse events included patient fall/injury, pressure ulcer, adverse drug event, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, wound infection, and sepsis. Multilevel analysis was employed to examine, simultaneously, the effects of nurse staffing and patient and hospital characteristics on patient outcomes. RESULTS: Three statistically significant relationships were found between nurse staffing and adverse events. An increase of 1 hour worked by registered nurses (RN) per patient day was associated with an 8.9% decrease in the odds of pneumonia. Similarly, a 10% increase in RN Proportion was associated with a 9.5% decrease in the odds of pneumonia. Providing a greater number of nursing hours per patient day was associated with a higher probability of pressure ulcers. The occurrence of each adverse event was associated with a significantly prolonged length of stay and increased medical costs. Patients who had pneumonia, wound infection or sepsis had a greater probability of death during hospitalization. CONCLUSION: Patients are experiencing adverse events during hospitalization. Care systems to reduce adverse events and their consequences are needed. Having appropriate nurse staffing is a significant consideration in some cases.