妊娠合并新型冠状病毒肺炎临床特征分析

目的:探讨妊娠合并新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者的流行病学特点、临床特征及诊断。方法:回顾性分析2020年1月15日至2020年2月15日在华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院收治的22例妊娠合并COVID-19患者的临床资料,分析其流行病学特点、临床及放射学特征和实验室数据。结果:22例患者临床表现中有发热10例(45.45%)、咳嗽5例(22.73%)、呼吸急促1例(4.55%)和腹泻1例(4.55%)。21例(95.45%)为普通型,1例(4.55%)为重型。实验室检查中,淋巴细胞降低14例(63.64%),D-二聚体增高22例(100%)。胸部CT检查均示典型的COVID-19表现,病原学核酸检测阳性率40.91%(9/22)。结论:孕妇患COVID-19的临床特征和实验室检查与非妊娠成人患者相似,相对于病原学检查,胸部CT检查快速安全且敏感性高,更适合COVID-19流行地区产科急诊住院患者的初筛,同时能监测病情进展,有助于COVID-19孕妇的筛查、诊断及监测。     

输入性新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床治疗及护理

新型冠状病毒因其较强的传染性及病情进展快等特点,迅速成为全球关注的健康问题。我院作为全市传染病定点救治医院,采取了积极有效的治疗及护理措施,目前已成功治愈2例新型冠状病毒肺炎确诊病人,取得了较好的临床效果,积累了一定的护理经验。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床特征与病原体检测

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是一种由新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引起的急性传染病,传播途径主要为经呼吸道飞沫和接触传播,不排除通过气溶胶和消化道等途径传播的可能性。COVID-19病例多数表现为普通型和轻型,少数病例病情进展较快,迅速进入重症与危重症阶段,救治难度较大。SARS-CoV-2的核酸检测的缺点是容易产生假阴性、检测时间长,影像学检查成为辅助诊断COVID-19快捷、方便的手段之一,并在判断肺炎的严重程度中发挥重要作用,联合采用血清免疫学检测可提高检出率。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎合并糖尿病患者的护理

总结了6例糖尿病合并新型冠状病毒肺炎患者的护理过程及效果.6例患者均痊愈出院.在护理过程中,严格注意防护隔离、病情监测、调整饮食和胰岛素治疗,并提供心理支持,是减少并发症和提高治愈率的前提.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎患者肝功能异常的相关临床分析

目的　探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）患者肝功能异常的相关性因素。方法　回顾性分析湖南省岳阳市第一人民医院2020 年1~3 月收治的新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）感染患者80 例,根据肝功能情况分为肝功能异常组45 例,对照组35 例,对其进行病例对照研究,选择与肝损伤有关指标进行单因素及多因素分析,探讨COVID-19患者肝功能异常的发生机制。结果　研究显示肺炎严重程度是COVID-19 患者发生肝损伤的主要危险因素（P=0.009,OR=3.826,95%CI 1.388~10.544）,而基础疾病、炎症因子水平与COVID-19 患者出现肝损伤无统计学相关性（P>0.05）。结论　COVID-19 患者发生肝功能损害与病情进展密切相关,临床医生诊治患者时,应当遵从早发现、早治疗的原则,避免造成肝脏进一步损伤,改善患者预后。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎合并肥胖症的评估与治疗策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)已成为危及全球的传染性疾病,重症患者死亡风险极高.临床研究显示,肥胖症是COVID-19患者发生重症及死亡的独立危险因素.对于合并肥胖症的COVID-19患者,应尽早评估肥胖相关合并症,并在营养、气道管理、抗凝、合并症控制等方面采取更...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎合并肥胖症的评估与治疗策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)已成为危及全球的传染性疾病,重症患者死亡风险极高。临床研究显示,肥胖症是COVID-19患者发生重症及死亡的独立危险因素。对于合并肥胖症的COVID-19患者,应尽早评估肥胖相关合并症,并在营养、气道管理、抗凝、合并症控制等方面采取更积极的干预措施,以改善预后。     

The cardiovascular aspect of COVID-19

The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), has hit the world very hard by affecting millions of people across countries hence posing a major health threat on a global scale. This novel virus is thought to enter and cause infection in its host through the attachment of its structural protein known as the S-glycoprotein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Given the rapid spread of COVID-19 with its consequences globally, it is mandatory that health caregivers and researchers across all disciplines abreast themselves with the potential effects that this novel virus may have on their fields and the medical society at large. During the infection, the cardiovascular system is affected by unknown pathomechanistic processes, hence accounting for an increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among COVID-19 patients. As cardiovascular researchers, we are more concerned about the cardiovascular aspect of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. Hence, this concise review addresses these aspects where CVD as a risk factor of COVID-19, the prevalence of CVDs in COVID-19, and the potential cardiovascular disorders which may evolve owing to COVID-19 are discussed. A better understanding of these issues will be pivotal to improve cardiovascular health during this SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.     

心血管系统常用药物对新型冠状病毒肺炎感染风险及不良预后的影响

心血管疾病是新型冠状病毒肺炎(新冠肺炎)最为常见的合并症,在新冠肺炎大流行期间降压、降脂、抗血小板、抗凝、降糖及抗心律失常等心血管系统常用药物的安全性和有效性尚未形成统一明确的认识,相关指南也有待进一步完善。随着全球新冠肺炎病例数量的增加和第二波感染的发生,更好地了解这些药物对新冠肺炎患者的影响是当务之急。本文旨在总结心血管系统常用药物对新冠肺炎感染风险以及不良预后的关联,并对合并心血管疾病的新冠肺炎患者用药提出建议。     

Quadruple therapy for asymptomatic COVID-19 infection patients

ABSTRACT

Introduction

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is currently in epidemic stage. After large-scale interpersonal infection, asymptomatic patients appear. Whether asymptomatic patients are contagious or not and whether they need medication are the arguments among clinical experts.     

Convalescent plasma associates with reduced mortality and improved clinical trajectory in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

BACKGROUNDEvidence supporting convalescent plasma (CP), one of the first investigational treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been inconclusive, leading to conflicting recommendations. The primary objective was to perform a comparative effectiveness study of CP for all-cause, in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.METHODSThe multicenter, electronic health records–based, retrospective study included 44,770 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in one of 176 HCA Healthcare–affiliated community hospitals. Coarsened exact matching (1:k) was employed, resulting in a sample of 3774 CP and 10,687 comparison patients.RESULTSExamination of mortality using a shared frailty model, controlling for concomitant medications, date of admission, and days from admission to transfusion, demonstrated a significant association of CP with lower mortality risk relative to the comparison group (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59–0.86; P < 0.001). Examination of patient risk trajectories, represented by 400 clinico-demographic features from our real-time risk model (RTRM), indicated that patients who received CP recovered more quickly. The stratification of days to transfusion revealed that CP within 3 days after admission, but not within 4 to 7 days, was associated with a significantly lower mortality risk (aHR = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.47–0.60; P < 0.001). CP serology level was inversely associated with mortality when controlling for its interaction with days to transfusion (HR = 0.998; 95% CI, 0.997–0.999; P = 0.013), yet it did not reach univariable significance.CONCLUSIONSThis large, diverse, multicenter cohort study demonstrated that CP, compared with matched controls, is significantly associated with reduced risk of in-hospital mortality. These observations highlight the utility of real-world evidence and suggest the need for further evaluation prior to abandoning CP as a viable therapy for COVID-19.FUNDINGThis research was supported in whole by HCA Healthcare and/or an HCA Healthcare–affiliated entity, including Sarah Cannon and Genospace.     

COVID-19 and gastroenteric manifestations

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the infection of a novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)], has become a pandemic. The infection has resulted in about one hundred million COVID-19 cases and millions of deaths. Although SARS-CoV-2 mainly spreads through the air and impairs the function of the respiratory system, it also attacks the gastrointestinal epithelial cells through the same receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor, which results in gastroenteric symptoms and potential fecal-oral transmission. Besides the infection of SARS-CoV-2, the treatments of COVID-19 also contribute to the gastroenteric manifestations due to the adverse drug reactions of anti-COVID-19 drugs. In this review, we update the clinical features, basic studies, and clinical practices of COVID-19-associated gastroenteric manifestations.     

COVID-19 vaccine induced interstitial lung disease

A 60-year-old man presented with dyspnea four days after the second dose of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccine. Imaging revealed extensive ground-glass opacification. Blood tests were notable for elevated KL-6 levels. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis showed increased lymphocyte-dominant inflammatory cells and decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. These findings were consistent with the diagnosis of drug-induced interstitial lung disease (DIILD). To the best of our knowledge, this has never been reported in previous literature. Treatment with glucocorticoids relieved his symptoms. This paper highlights that although extremely rare, COVID-19 vaccine could cause DIILD, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to improve patient outcomes.     

The COVID-19 immune landscape is dynamically and reversibly correlated with disease severity

BACKGROUNDDespite a rapidly growing body of literature on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), our understanding of the immune correlates of disease severity, course, and outcome remains poor.METHODSUsing mass cytometry, we assessed the immune landscape in longitudinal whole-blood specimens from 59 patients presenting with acute COVID-19 and classified based on maximal disease severity. Hospitalized patients negative for SARS-CoV-2 were used as controls.RESULTSWe found that the immune landscape in COVID-19 formed 3 dominant clusters, which correlated with disease severity. Longitudinal analysis identified a pattern of productive innate and adaptive immune responses in individuals who had a moderate disease course, whereas those with severe disease had features suggestive of a protracted and dysregulated immune response. Further, we identified coordinate immune alterations accompanying clinical improvement and decline that were also seen in patients who received IL-6 pathway blockade.CONCLUSIONThe hospitalized COVID-19 negative cohort allowed us to identify immune alterations that were shared between severe COVID-19 and other critically ill patients. Collectively, our findings indicate that selection of immune interventions should be based in part on disease presentation and early disease trajectory due to the profound differences in the immune response in those with mild to moderate disease and those with the most severe disease.FUNDINGBenaroya Family Foundation, the Leonard and Norma Klorfine Foundation, Glenn and Mary Lynn Mounger, and the National Institutes of Health.     

疑似或确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎患者手术管理方法

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发,当手术室接诊疑似或确诊患者手术时,除医护人员严格执行隔离措施外,科室应结合本次疫情特点制定周密的处置流程及管理制度。本文结合国家规范及本次疫情的诊疗救治方案,从术前筛查、人员及环境准备、术中关注、术后处理、人员培训、科室管理等方面进行详细总结,以方便临床实施。