蒙古族糖尿病前期患者胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能观察

目的 观察蒙古族糖尿病前期患者胰岛素抵抗及胰岛β细胞功能情况.方法 选择蒙古族糖尿病前期患者共58例,其中IFG患者47例,IGT患者43例,IFG/IGT患者32例.蒙古族正常血糖对照组（NGT组）30例,用HOMA-IR评价胰岛素抵抗,比较胰岛素抵抗特点.结果 （1）HOMA-IR：IFG、IFG/IGT和IGT组明显高于NGT组,P＜0.01;（2）HBCI：IFG组和IFG/IGT组明显低于NGT和IGT组;（3） I30/G30：IGT组和IFG/IGT组明显低于NGT组及IFG组.结论 蒙古族IFG主要表现为基础状态下β细胞分泌受损,IGT主要表现为早期胰岛素分泌缺陷,IFG/IGT基础状态下β细胞分泌受损及胰岛β细胞早期胰岛素分泌不足同时存在.3组均有胰岛素抵抗.     

不同糖调节受损人群氧化应激状况与胰岛素抵抗及胰岛β细胞功能的相关性

目的:探讨不同糖调节受损人群氧化应激状况与胰岛素抵抗(IR)及胰岛β细胞功能的关系。方法:选取正常对照组(NGT)28例、空腹血糖受损组(IFG)30例、糖耐量异常组(IGT)30例及初诊2型糖尿病组(T2DM)32例,测定4组血清丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)值,用胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)及胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)评价IR及胰岛细胞功能,糖负荷后30 min胰岛素分泌指数(△I30/△G30)、李氏β细胞功能指数(MBCI)评价糖负荷后胰岛素分泌功能。结果:从NGT、IFG、IGT到T2DM组血清中MDA水平依次增高,与NGT组差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);与IFG组比较,IGT组及T2DM组差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),而IGT组及T2DM 2组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。而从NGT、IFG、IGT到T2DM组血清中SOD、GSH-PX水平逐渐降低,与NGT组比较,T2DM组SOD、GSH-PX差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);IFG、IGT及T2DM 3组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。MDA与HOMA-β、△I30/△G30、MBCI均呈负相关关系,而与HOMA-IR呈正相关关系,血清中SOD与HOMA-β、△I30/△G30、MBCI均呈正相关关系,而与HOMA-IR呈负相关关系,GSH-PX活性与HOMA-β、MBCI均呈正相关关系。结论:IR和β细胞功能下降是T2DM发生、发展中重要的病理生理改变,在糖调节受损阶段即已出现,从NGT、IFG、IGT到T2DM组氧化应激水平逐渐升高,在糖调节受损阶段机体的氧化抗氧化平衡系统已经开始发生紊乱,在初诊T2DM患者更为明显,且氧化应激与IR及胰岛β细胞功能密切相关,氧化应激在T2DM起始及发生、发展中可能发挥重要作用。     

6830名老年人血糖异常检出率与体质指数关系分析

目的 了解老年人血糖异常检出及与体质指数的相关性.方法 6830名老年人根据空腹血糖值分为空腹血糖正常（NGT）组、空腹血糖受损（IFG）组和糖尿病（DM）组,分别记录性别、年龄,测量收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、腰围（WC）、臀围、身高、体质量,计算体质指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）,检测空腹血糖（FPG）、甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）,进行组间各指标的比较及空腹血糖受损情况与其它因素相关性分析,为糖尿病高危人群的筛检提供依据.结果 NGT 3200例（46.85％）,IFG 2575例（37.70％）,DM 1055例（15.45％）;随着BMI的增加,血糖异常的发生率逐渐升高,IFG与DM组中超重与肥胖人群所占比例最高;按NGT、IFG、DM顺序,BMI、WHR、WC、TG、HLD-C与SPD平均水平依次升高,HLD-C平均水平依次降低,三组间差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;IFG组与NGT组LDL-C、DBP和TC比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;IFG与DM组的LDL-C和DBP比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;空腹血糖受损与BMI、WHR、WC、SBP、LDL-C、TG成正相关,与HDL-C负相关;空腹血糖受损多因素logistic回归分析发现BMI、WHR、WC、SBP、LDL-C、TC和年龄对空腹血糖受损有较大影响.结论 老年人血糖异常率随着BMI的增加发生率逐渐升高.BMI、WHR、WC及多种代谢指标与空腹血糖受损成线性相关,对空腹血糖受损有较大影响.     

血糖调节异常及初诊2型糖尿病患者早期相胰岛素分泌及其组分的变化

P＜0.05).初诊T2DM组明显低于IGT组(P＜0.05).结论 1.IGT者及初诊T2DM患者早期相胰岛素分泌组分存在异常,表现为空腹高PI血症,并且随着血糖异常程度损害的加重,PI/IRI值逐渐升高;2.IGT者及初诊T2DM患者存在早期胰岛素分泌功能缺陷,且初诊T2DM患者损害程度高于IGT者;3.△TI30/△G30比△IKI30/△G30更能真实反映IGT者与初诊T2DM患者早相胰岛素分泌功能的差别.     

肥胖症、糖耐量减退、2型糖尿病的真胰岛素和前胰岛素水平的变化及其意义

目的 了解真胰岛素(TI)和前胰岛素(PI)在肥胖症、糖耐量减低(IGT)、2型糖尿病(2—DM)患者中的改变，探讨其在评价胰岛B细胞分泌功能和胰岛素抵抗状态中的价值。方法23例糖耐量正常者(NGT)、35例IGT者、25例2—DM患者行口服糖耐量试验，并根据体重指数(BMI)分为肥胖和非肥胖组；采用ELISA方法(其单克隆抗体能准确区分TI和N)测定TI和N，采用放射免疫法测定IRI。结果 NGT、IGT、2—DM组内：肥胖与非肥胖IRI、N、TI曲线下面积差异均有显著性(P＜0．05)。IRI、TI曲线下面积：IGT肥胖组＞NGT肥胖组＞2—DM肥胖组＞IGT非肥胖组＞NGT非肥胖组＞2—DM非肥胖组，差异有显著性(P＜0．05)；N曲线下面积、曲线下面积PI／(N十TI)：2—DM组＞NGT非肥胖组，差异有显著性(P＜0．05)；IGT组、NGT非肥胖组相比末见差异有显著性；IS和ISI：NGT＞IGT＞2—DM，差异有显著性(P＜0．05)；相关分析空腹IRI与空腹TI：NGT、IGT、2—DM组肥胖者以及IGT非肥胖者呈正相关(P＜0．05)。IS与ISI呈正相关(P＜0．01)；空腹N与IS呈负相关(P＜0.05。结论 IGT、NGT肥胖者具有高胰岛素血症；IRI常过高估计IGT、NGT、2—DM肥胖者的胰岛素水平；2—DM患者有不成比例的N增高；N在某种程度上可以估计胰岛B细胞功能状态。     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者体重指数和年龄与胰岛功能关系的观察

目的 探讨新诊断2型糖尿病患者不同体重指数（BMI）和年龄与胰岛素敏感性及胰岛β细胞功能的关系.方法 对2006至2007年本院新诊断2型糖尿病住院患者304例,依照BMI分为BMI正常组（18.5≤BMI〈23.0）68例,超重组（23.0≤BMI＜25.0）69例,肥胖组（BMI≥25.0）167例,测定其血脂、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白,行口服糖耐量试验（OGTY）联合胰岛素及C肽测定,了解内稳态模型评估（HOMA）胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）、胰岛素分泌指数（△I30/△G30）及校正后胰岛β细胞功能指数（MBCI）,评估胰岛功能.结果 ①肥胖组HOMA-IR及MBCI均显著高于BMI正常组及超重组（P＜0.05）,肥胖组△I30/△G30显著高于BMI正常组（P＜0.05）,多元线件回归分析显示BMI与HOMA-IR呈独立线性相关（P＜0.05）;②肥胖组中,年龄≥60岁者胰岛功能参数△I30/△G30及MBCI显著高于年龄＜60岁者（P＜0.05）.结论 新诊断2型糖尿病患者中非肥胖者胰岛素分泌缺陷较肥胖者明显;随BMI的增加,胰岛素抵抗程度加重.未发现年龄与胰岛β细胞功能或胰岛素敏感性存在明确相关性.     

不同阶段糖尿病β细胞功能和胰岛素抵抗及其相关因素分析

目的探讨从正常糖耐量（NGT）到糖尿病不同糖代谢水平，胰岛素抵抗（1R）与胰岛β细胞功能的演变及其相关因素。方法2型糖尿病（DM）841例分成新诊断糖尿病组以及按病程每5年分为一组，直到〉15年共5组。糖耐量异常（IGT）29例，NGT133例。比较各组的体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比（WHR）、血压、血脂、空腹血糖（FPG）和胰岛素（FINS）水平。采用稳态模型评估B细胞功能（HOMA-β）和胰岛素抵抗（HOMA-IR）。结果在从NGT到DM发病过程中，随着FPG的逐渐升高，血浆FINS水平也逐渐升高，新诊断DM患者的血浆FINS水平达到最高峰，以后逐渐回落。IGT和NGT两组的HOMA—β无明显统计学差异，而DM各组随着病程的延长。HOMA-β明显下降（P〈0．05）。HOMA-IR在IGT组就比NGT组明显增高，DM各组随病程持续升高。Pearson相关分析显示，HOMA-β与病程、FPG负相关（P〈0．001）；HOMA-IR与病程、BMI、WHR、舒张压（DBP）、FPG、FINS、三酰甘油（TG）正相关（P〈0．001）。结论在IGT阶段就存在明显的胰岛素抵抗．从NGT向DM的转化过程中，β细胞的功能逐渐减退，胰岛素抵抗贯穿其中。β细胞的功能减退和胰岛素抵抗与血糖、血压、血脂、肥胖均有关。     

糖尿病及糖调节受损危险因素及胰岛β细胞功能分析

目的研究糖尿病、糖调节受损的危险因素及胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能情况。方法对福建省福州市、龙岩市、三明市共2139人进行糖尿病及糖调节受损相关危险因素调查,用HOMA-IR评估胰岛素抵抗,葡萄糖处置指数:DI1(HOMA-β×1/HOMA-IR)和DI2(△I30/△G30×1/HOMA-IR)分别评估胰岛β细胞基础和早相胰岛素分泌功能。结果①年龄、糖尿病家族史、肥胖、收缩压、静息心率、甘油三酯是糖尿病和糖调节受损的共同危险因素。②正常糖耐量、糖调节受损、新诊断糖尿病组的HOMA-IR逐渐升高,HOMA-β、△I30/△G30、DI1、DI2逐渐降低。单纯空腹血糖受损(iIFG)和联合糖调节受损(IFG+IGT)的HOMA-IR较单纯糖耐量异常(iIGT)更高,而HOMA-β和DI1更低,△I30/△G30和DI2在iIFG、iIGT和IFG+IGT组依次下降。结论 2型糖尿病是遗传与环境共同作用的结果,糖代谢异常的不同时期有各自的胰岛素抵抗和胰岛β细胞功能紊乱特点。     

以真胰岛素水平测定平估2型糖尿病胰岛β细胞功能

目的探讨真胰岛素(TI)水平的测定在分析2型糖尿病(DM)β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗中的意义.方法将99例研究对象分为3个组新诊断DM组39例,IGT组30例,正常糖耐量组(NGT组)30例,行口服75g葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)及TI、胰岛素(Ⅰ)、C肽(CP)试验.对稳态模式(Homa model)胰岛素抵抗指数(IR)、β细胞功能指数(HBCI)及胰岛素敏感性指数(IAI)和葡萄糖负荷后净增胰岛素/净增葡萄糖(即△I 60/△G60)等指标进行比较.结果DM组空腹TI值及负荷后的TI和Ⅰ值均低于IGT组和NGT组,仅空腹Ⅰ值高于IGT组和NGT组,负荷后的TI和Ⅰ各时点值IGT组高于DM及NGT组,DM者与IR呈正相关,与IAI、HBCI、△I 60/△G60呈负相关.用TI值计算△I 60/△G60为IGT组＞NGT组＞DM组;而用Ⅰ计算则为NGT组＞IGT组＞DM组.结论2型糖尿病同时表现显著的胰岛素抵抗及β细胞分泌功能衰退.IGT病人高胰岛素血症更显著,其胰岛素抵抗增强.TI能更准确地反映糖尿病患者胰岛素β细胞分泌功能的变化.     

糖调节受损人群胰岛β细胞功能及胰岛素抵抗的研究

目的观察、评价糖调节受损人群胰岛β细胞功能与胰岛素抵抗状态,为临床早期综 合干预提供科学依据。方法进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验及胰岛素释放试验的门诊及住院的成年人(22— 77岁)共355例。研究对象分为4组:正常糖耐量(NGT)者178例,空腹血糖受损(IFG)者42例,糖耐量 减低(IGT)者72例,IFG+IGT者53例;(2)测身高、体重、腰围、臀围、血压、血脂及OGTT,后各点 血糖值及胰岛素值;(3)评价基础与糖负荷后胰岛素分泌功能及胰岛素抵抗。计算指标:早 期胰岛索分泌指数:OGTT30 min胰岛素增量与葡萄糖增量的比值(△I30／△G30);按HOMA模型计 算HOMA-β细胞功能胰岛素分泌指数:HBCI=20×FINS／(FPG-3．5);HOMA胰岛素抵抗指数:HOMA- IR=(FINS×FPG)／22．5;李氏β细胞胰岛素分泌指数:MBCI=(FINS×FPG)／(PG2 h+PG1 h-2FPG)。 结果(1)糖调节受损人群的年龄、血压、体重指数、腰臀比、PG0．5 h、PG1 h均明显高于NGT人 群,而0．5 hIns均降低,IGT组的甘油三酯最高(P<0．05),与IFG组比较,IGT组PG0．5 h、PG1 h均较 低,PG2 h、2 hIns增高(P<0．01)。IFG+IGT组FINS最高(P<0．05);(2)校正年龄、性别及BML后,IGR人 群HOMA-IR增高(P<0．05),其他3组间差异无统计学意义;校正年龄等因素后,IGR人群HBCI均明 显低于NGT组(P<0．01);而IGT组HBCI明显好于IFG及IFG+IGT组(P<0．01);IGR组△I30／△G30均低 于NGT组(P<0．05),IFG+IGT组最差(P<0．05);校正年龄等因素后IGT组与IFG+IGT组MBCI明显低 于NGT组和IFG组(P<0．01);且IGT组与IFG+IGT组之间差异有统计学意义(P<0．05);(3)Logistic回 归分析显示,年龄、体重指数及HOMA-IR与IFG及IGT的发生均相关(P<0．05);而MBCI则与IGT的发 生相关(P<0．05),男性发生IGR的风险均高于女性。结论(1)DM前期IGR人群存在基础和糖负荷后胰 岛β细胞分泌功能受损及显著的胰岛素抵抗,且不同类型的IGR人群各有其不同的病理生理特征;(2) 对于DM前期的高危人群,不仅应及时监测血糖还应尽早地检测、评估胰岛β细胞功能,应针对其各自 特点给予恰当的早期综合干预措施,预防糖尿病的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.